川西南—滇东北地区多重褶皱构造遥感解译
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摘要
川西南-滇东北地区地质构造现象复杂多样,处于不同构造分区的交界地带,是研究不同构造体系相互作用关系的典型区域。由于该地区地形多变,原始森林覆盖率较高,传统地质研究方法不能起到良好的作用,使得该地区构造研究较为薄弱。
本文以构造地质学和遥感地质学为理论基础,结合遥感技术(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)方法,对卫星遥感像片进行图像处理,研究过程中充分突出遥感技术与地理信息系统技术在地质分析中的重要性,将不同处理方法得到的图像结果进行对比分析,选取最优影像进行地质解译。
通过对研究区中重点研究区域和各构造分区典型区域的构造分析,得出以下结论：
1、川西南-滇东北地区主要包括川中微地块、川东高陡褶皱区、康滇断褶带和黔北坳陷。其构造体系主要包括北东向构造体系、东西向构造体系、北西向构造体系、南北向构造体系和旋钮构造体系。
2、研究区内复合褶皱的构造样式包括：限制型、横跨型、迁移型、重褶型、弯转型等。通过对各种复合褶皱的特点和运动学方式进行分析。研究认为,本区不同构造体系的形成先后顺序为：东西向最先、北东向次之、北西和南北向最晚。
3、川西南-滇东北地区构造动力学机制：印支期可能由于华南板块向华北板块下俯冲,形成巨大挤压作用,在本地区产生了东西向的构造线,向西作用逐渐减弱,直至消失。燕山一幕古太平洋板块向扬子板块斜向俯冲,形成一系列北东向构造。燕山二幕或许由于板块间相互作用方向和角度发生改变,形成构造体系方向较之燕山一幕发生较大变化。最近期次构造活动为喜山运动,印度板块向欧亚板块下俯冲,形成北西向构造。同时由于太平洋板块与欧亚板块之间的相互作用,现今中上扬子地区地震与地球物理数据显示岩石圈上层与下层的压应力方向均来自南东(SE)方向,且上下两层应力夹角不大于30。。这表示现今该地区主要应力方向为由南东向北西方向的挤压。
4、通过对川西南-滇东北地区的研究总结出一套分析褶皱形迹、区分构造叠加、联合的遥感地质方法。
There are lots of complex geological structures in Southeast Sichuan—Northeast Yunnan. This is a good and typical areas to study the multiple tectonic, especially for complex folds.However, due to some factors,structural study of the region is weak. Different scientific views are split. Therefore, this thesis tries to reveal structural geometry by using method of Remote Sensing and Geographics Information System.
Based on Structual Geology and Remote Sensing Geology as the basic theory and combination of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) methods. This paper process the satellite remote sensing photo with different methods.Compared and analyzad the results of processed image, then,select the best images for geological interpretation
This paper chooses some typical structural region and create profiles and thematic map to the study of folds and fractures in those typical regions.Finally, four conclusions as follows have been made:
1.Southeast Sichuan-Northeast Yunnan is subdivided into four structural regions,and it have five main structural systems. They are the north-east structural system(NE),the east-west structural system,the north-west structural system,the north-south structural system and the whirling & twisting structural system.
2.There are many kinds of Structural style in the Study area. Based on the analysis, studies suggest that, the order of formation time is: the EW structural system is first, then the NE structural system, the NW structural system and S-N structural system are the latest.
3.The EW structural system formed in the Indosinian movemeny. Yanshanian movement is subdivided into two stages:the first-stage were NW-trending folding, and the second-stage were NW-trending-folding. Since the Himalayanian movement, stress of activities has a been from the Southeast.
4.Some new methods in this paper are proposed to distinguish the conbined structure.
本文以构造地质学和遥感地质学为理论基础,结合遥感技术(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)方法,对卫星遥感像片进行图像处理,研究过程中充分突出遥感技术与地理信息系统技术在地质分析中的重要性,将不同处理方法得到的图像结果进行对比分析,选取最优影像进行地质解译。
通过对研究区中重点研究区域和各构造分区典型区域的构造分析,得出以下结论：
1、川西南-滇东北地区主要包括川中微地块、川东高陡褶皱区、康滇断褶带和黔北坳陷。其构造体系主要包括北东向构造体系、东西向构造体系、北西向构造体系、南北向构造体系和旋钮构造体系。
2、研究区内复合褶皱的构造样式包括：限制型、横跨型、迁移型、重褶型、弯转型等。通过对各种复合褶皱的特点和运动学方式进行分析。研究认为,本区不同构造体系的形成先后顺序为：东西向最先、北东向次之、北西和南北向最晚。
3、川西南-滇东北地区构造动力学机制：印支期可能由于华南板块向华北板块下俯冲,形成巨大挤压作用,在本地区产生了东西向的构造线,向西作用逐渐减弱,直至消失。燕山一幕古太平洋板块向扬子板块斜向俯冲,形成一系列北东向构造。燕山二幕或许由于板块间相互作用方向和角度发生改变,形成构造体系方向较之燕山一幕发生较大变化。最近期次构造活动为喜山运动,印度板块向欧亚板块下俯冲,形成北西向构造。同时由于太平洋板块与欧亚板块之间的相互作用,现今中上扬子地区地震与地球物理数据显示岩石圈上层与下层的压应力方向均来自南东(SE)方向,且上下两层应力夹角不大于30。。这表示现今该地区主要应力方向为由南东向北西方向的挤压。
4、通过对川西南-滇东北地区的研究总结出一套分析褶皱形迹、区分构造叠加、联合的遥感地质方法。
There are lots of complex geological structures in Southeast Sichuan—Northeast Yunnan. This is a good and typical areas to study the multiple tectonic, especially for complex folds.However, due to some factors,structural study of the region is weak. Different scientific views are split. Therefore, this thesis tries to reveal structural geometry by using method of Remote Sensing and Geographics Information System.
Based on Structual Geology and Remote Sensing Geology as the basic theory and combination of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) methods. This paper process the satellite remote sensing photo with different methods.Compared and analyzad the results of processed image, then,select the best images for geological interpretation
This paper chooses some typical structural region and create profiles and thematic map to the study of folds and fractures in those typical regions.Finally, four conclusions as follows have been made:
1.Southeast Sichuan-Northeast Yunnan is subdivided into four structural regions,and it have five main structural systems. They are the north-east structural system(NE),the east-west structural system,the north-west structural system,the north-south structural system and the whirling & twisting structural system.
2.There are many kinds of Structural style in the Study area. Based on the analysis, studies suggest that, the order of formation time is: the EW structural system is first, then the NE structural system, the NW structural system and S-N structural system are the latest.
3.The EW structural system formed in the Indosinian movemeny. Yanshanian movement is subdivided into two stages:the first-stage were NW-trending folding, and the second-stage were NW-trending-folding. Since the Himalayanian movement, stress of activities has a been from the Southeast.
4.Some new methods in this paper are proposed to distinguish the conbined structure.
引文
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[7]S.K. Ghosh,D. Khan and Sudipta Sengupta. Interfering folds in constructional deformation. Journal of Structural Geology,1995,17(10):1361-1373
[8]Suppe et al. Geometry and kinematics of fault-bendfolding: Amer. Jour. Sci,1983,238:684-721
[9]Yang B. Natural gas prospecting by using satellite TM data in Chishui area, Guizhou. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,1997,16(1):69-74
[10]陈宏德.中上扬子地区海相油气勘探前景.石油试验地质,2007,29(1)：13-18
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[17]蒋福珍,方剑.康滇地区重力场分离、密度反演与地壳构造.地震学报,2001,23(4)：391-397
[18]乐光禹,杜思清,黄继均,杨武年.构造复合联合原理——川黔构造组合叠加分析.成都科技大学出版社,1996
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[21]李希勣.再论建立康滇地轴区中晚元古代层型剖面问题.云南地质,1999,18(1)：89-91
[22]李余华等.云南中西部新生代陆内变形及其动力学.云南地质,2005,24(2)：142-150
[23]李忠雄等.康滇地轴中段前震旦系马鞍山组的发现及特诊.沉积与特提斯地质,2001,21(1)：63-77
[24]马杏桓,索书田.论滑覆及岩石圈内多层次滑脱构造.地质学报,1984,(3)：205-213
[25]丘元禧,张渝昌,马文璞.雪峰山陆内造山带的构造特征与演化.高校地质学报,1998,4(4)432-443
[26]丘元禧等.雪峰山的构造性质与演化：一个陆内造山带的形成演化模式.地质出版社,1999
[27]阮爱国,王椿镛.云南地区上地幔各向异性研究.地震学报,2002,21(3)：260-267
[28]四川省地质矿产局.四川省区域地质志.北京：地质出版社,1991
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[34]四川省地质局.叙永幅区域地质调查报告.成都：四川省地质局,1977
[35]孙东,王道永.四川省美姑地区叠加褶皱构造特征.四川地震,2008,(1)：32-47
[36]万天丰.中国大地构造学纲要.北京：地质出版社,2004
[37]吴根耀等.喜马拉雅运动：对川滇交界区古地理重建的制约和楚雄盆地的改造.古地理学报,2001,3(2)：3-10
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[39]云南省地质局.镇雄幅区域地质调查报告.昆明：云南省地质局,1978
[40]王宝碌,吕世琨,胡居贵.试论川滇黔菱形地块.云南地质,2004,23(2)：140-153
[41]王椿镛,W.D.Mooney等.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究.地震学报,2002,24(1)1-16
[42]王绳祖,张流.塑性流动网络控制下川滇菱形块体及邻区构造应力场与地震构造.地震地质,2002,24(3)：324-334
[43]汪啸风,陈孝红.中国各地质时代地层划分与对比.北京：地质出版社,2005
[44]张世民等.荥经-马边-盐津逆冲构造带断裂运动组合及地震分段特征.地震地质,2005,27(2)：221-233
[45]张文佑.断块构造导论.北京：科学出版社,1984
[46]张月华.川东地区构造叠加作用.石油学报,1986,7(4)：25-30
[47]钟大赉等.浅层构造形成条件和某些构造地质问题的讨论.断块构造文集,科学出版社,1983
[48]钟大赉等.川南地区燕山期复合构造的历史分析和力学分析.断块构造文集[C],北京：科学出版社,1983,36-53
[49]朱亮璞.遥感地质学.北京,地质出版社2001
[50]周永刚.中上扬子地块浅部褶皱逆冲格局：遥感卫星图像处理与解释.中国海洋大学研究生学位论文,2009
[2]Badarch G,C unningham B, Windley K.A new terrane subdivision for Mongolia: implications for the Phanerozoic crustal growth of Central Asia.Asian Earth Sci,2002,21:87-110
[3]Cunningham D. Active intracontinental transpressional mountain building in the Mongolian Altai:Defining a new class of orogen.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett,2005,240:436-444
[4]J.G.Ramsay. A re-interpretation of the mechanics of the ben sgriol fold, loch houm (northweat scotland):A reply. Tectonophysics,1967,5(1):63-67
[5]J.G. Ramsay, M.I. Huber. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology.Academic Press,1983
[6]J.G. Ramsay,M.I. Huber. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology.Academic Press,1987
[7]S.K. Ghosh,D. Khan and Sudipta Sengupta. Interfering folds in constructional deformation. Journal of Structural Geology,1995,17(10):1361-1373
[8]Suppe et al. Geometry and kinematics of fault-bendfolding: Amer. Jour. Sci,1983,238:684-721
[9]Yang B. Natural gas prospecting by using satellite TM data in Chishui area, Guizhou. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,1997,16(1):69-74
[10]陈宏德.中上扬子地区海相油气勘探前景.石油试验地质,2007,29(1)：13-18
[11]陈华慧.遥感地质学.北京：地质出版社,1984
[12]邓孺孺,方佩娟.雪峰山构造带构造分布特征的遥感分析.中山大学学报,1997,36：94-97
[13]杜思清等.广义纵弯褶皱叠加机制、类型及其应用.矿物岩石,1998,18：56-60
[14]贵州省地质局.威信幅区域地质调查报告.贵阳：贵州省地质局,1980
[15]黄继均.纵弯叠加褶皱地区岩石有限应变特征-以川东北地区典型叠加褶皱为例.地质评论,2000,46(2)：178-185
[16]胡明等.叠加构造分析及其应用——以贵州赤水地区为例.天然气工业,2005,25(12)：25-27
[17]蒋福珍,方剑.康滇地区重力场分离、密度反演与地壳构造.地震学报,2001,23(4)：391-397
[18]乐光禹,杜思清,黄继均,杨武年.构造复合联合原理——川黔构造组合叠加分析.成都科技大学出版社,1996
[19]乐光禹.联合构造及有关的构造累定.构造地质论丛(1)[C],北京：地质出版社,1981,127-138
[20]李四光.地质力学概论[M].北京：地质出版社,1973
[21]李希勣.再论建立康滇地轴区中晚元古代层型剖面问题.云南地质,1999,18(1)：89-91
[22]李余华等.云南中西部新生代陆内变形及其动力学.云南地质,2005,24(2)：142-150
[23]李忠雄等.康滇地轴中段前震旦系马鞍山组的发现及特诊.沉积与特提斯地质,2001,21(1)：63-77
[24]马杏桓,索书田.论滑覆及岩石圈内多层次滑脱构造.地质学报,1984,(3)：205-213
[25]丘元禧,张渝昌,马文璞.雪峰山陆内造山带的构造特征与演化.高校地质学报,1998,4(4)432-443
[26]丘元禧等.雪峰山的构造性质与演化：一个陆内造山带的形成演化模式.地质出版社,1999
[27]阮爱国,王椿镛.云南地区上地幔各向异性研究.地震学报,2002,21(3)：260-267
[28]四川省地质矿产局.四川省区域地质志.北京：地质出版社,1991
[29]四川省地质局.筠连幅区域地质调查报告.成都：四川省地质局,1973
[30]四川省地质局.马边幅区域地质调查报告.成都：四川省地质局,1971
[31]四川省地质局.宜宾幅区域地质调查报告.成都：四川省地质局,1982
[32]四川省地质局.泸州幅区域地质调查报告.成都：四川省地质局,1982
[33]四川省地质局.雷波幅区域地质调查报告.成都：四川省地质局,1972
[34]四川省地质局.叙永幅区域地质调查报告.成都：四川省地质局,1977
[35]孙东,王道永.四川省美姑地区叠加褶皱构造特征.四川地震,2008,(1)：32-47
[36]万天丰.中国大地构造学纲要.北京：地质出版社,2004
[37]吴根耀等.喜马拉雅运动：对川滇交界区古地理重建的制约和楚雄盆地的改造.古地理学报,2001,3(2)：3-10
[38]云南省地质局.昭通幅区域地质调查报告.昆明：云南省地质局,1980
[39]云南省地质局.镇雄幅区域地质调查报告.昆明：云南省地质局,1978
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