多层微带线电磁辐射机理和计算方法的研究
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摘要
随着电子、电器设备和家用电器越来越广泛的应用,工作频谱愈来愈宽,工作频率越来越高,导致电磁干扰愈加严重,电磁环境更为恶劣。电磁干扰已经成为现代电子科学与技术发展道路上必须逾越的巨大障碍。印刷电路板(PCB)作为电子设备不可缺少的部分,它的电磁兼容性能将直接影响电子设备的性能和稳定。开展印刷电路板微带线结构的电磁兼容研究,抑制电子设备内部的电磁干扰,具有十分重要的意义。
本文针对PCB电磁兼容设计中面临的基础问题,对基于PCB类型的多种多层微带线结构模型的电磁辐射效应、干扰线保护带的电磁辐射抑制效能等进行了深入的研究,并提出了抑制方案的优化设计方法。
本文的主要工作和创新如下:
1.提出了一种基本微带模型的闭式空域格林函数,并进一步发展出一种高效的矩量方法。该方法能够有效地用于大型微带结构的电磁辐射场和散射场的计算。数值结果表明,与镜像法和FDTD法相比,该法计算速度快,计算效率高。
2.提出了一种基于闭式空域格林函数的多层微带PCB结构的矩量方法。基于多层PCB模型,研究了强信号线对仅存在桩栅栏的邻层的电磁辐射干扰场,分析了多种结构参数对电磁辐射干扰场的影响规律。数值模拟表明,线长度越接近谐振长度、负载阻抗失配越严重、介质的损耗越小以及介质的厚度越大,产生的辐射干扰场就越大。
3.针对置有单屏蔽带多层PCB强信号线对邻层电磁干扰的模型,提出了一种修正的单屏蔽带多层微带PCB结构的电磁辐射计算方法。以此为基础研究了该模型环境下的电磁辐射效应,分析了信号线长度、终端负载、介质损耗、介质厚度、屏蔽线与强信号线间距离、屏蔽线宽度和长度对辐射抑制的影响规律。模拟表明单屏蔽带结构对辐射干扰场有较好的抑制效果;信号线长度越接近谐振长度、负载阻抗失配越严重、介质的厚度越小、屏蔽线离信号线越近以及屏蔽线宽度越大越有利于降低辐射干扰场;同时发现,介质损耗的大小和屏蔽线的长度对辐射场抑制的影响不明显。
4.针对置有双屏蔽带多层PCB强信号线对邻层电磁干扰的模型,提出了一种修正的双屏蔽带多层微带PCB结构的电磁辐射计算方法,进而深入研究了该模型环境下的电磁辐射效应,计算了强信号线两侧周围的电磁干扰场,讨论了相关参数对电磁干扰场的影响。数值分析表明,双屏蔽带结构对干扰场的抑制作用远高于单屏蔽带结构。
As the increasing applications of the electronic devices and the household appliances, the spectrum band becomes wider and wider, the operating frequency becomes higher and higher, which lead to that electromagnetic interference is greatly serious, and that electromagnetic environment is quite formidable. The electromagnetic interference has been regarded as a big obstacle for modern electronic technologic development. The electromagnetic compatibility of printed circuit board (PCB), which is the necessary for the electronic devices, can influence on the performance of the devices directly. Therefore, it is inevitable to investigate the electromagnetic compatibility on PCB and to control the electromagnetic interference between the electronic equipments.
In this paper, we studied several EMC problems, such as the antenna effectiveness of PCB traces and the electromagnetic interference suppression effectiveness of guard lines for signal lines. Moreover, we proposed an optimization method of suppression on multilayer PCB.
The main contributions of this paper are listed as follows:
1. A closed-form spatial domain Green's functions of basic microstrip geometry is proposed, and a high-efficient moment of method (MOM) algorithm is developed. The proposed approach can be used to calculate the radiating and scattering fields of large size microstrip geometry. Compare to the complex image method and FDTD, the proposed method quickens computing speed and enhances computational efficiency.
2. An MOM algorithm which includes closed-form spatial domain Green's functions of multilayer PCB geometry is proposed. Based on the multilayer PCB, the radiated interference field from a signal line to adjacent layer together with Faraday fence is calculated, and the relationship between the electromagnetic interference field and multiple parameters is researched. The numerical results show that the closer length to resonant lengths, the bigger mismatched loads, the smaller loss and the thicker thickness of substrate, the larger the radiated interference field.
3. For the model of the electromagnetic interference from a signal line and a shielding line placed nearby the signal line to adjacent layer, a modified algorithm of computing radiation for a shielding line on multilayer PCB geometry is proposed. The radiation effectiveness of the model is studied. Furthermore, the radiated suppression effectiveness of line length, termination loads, loss and thickness of the substrate, separation between shielding line and signal line, width and length of shielding line is analyzed. The results show that the geometry of a shielding line is suitable for interference reduction. The closer length to resonant lengths, the bigger mismatched loads, the thinner thickness of substrate, the shorter separation between shielding line and signal line, and the wider width of shielding line, the lower the electromagnetic interference field. In addition, the loss of substrate and the length of shielding line have little influence on the interference suppression.
4. For the model of the electromagnetic interference from a signal line and two shielding lines laid nearby both sides of the signal line to adjacent layer, a modified algorithm of computing radiation for two shielding lines is proposed. The radiation effectiveness of the model is investigated. Moreover, the electromagnetic interference field from a signal line and two shielding lines to adjacent layer is calculated, and the relationship between the electromagnetic field and correlative parameters is discussed. The results show that the interference reduction by two shielding lines is much stronger than that by the single shielding line.
本文针对PCB电磁兼容设计中面临的基础问题,对基于PCB类型的多种多层微带线结构模型的电磁辐射效应、干扰线保护带的电磁辐射抑制效能等进行了深入的研究,并提出了抑制方案的优化设计方法。
本文的主要工作和创新如下:
1.提出了一种基本微带模型的闭式空域格林函数,并进一步发展出一种高效的矩量方法。该方法能够有效地用于大型微带结构的电磁辐射场和散射场的计算。数值结果表明,与镜像法和FDTD法相比,该法计算速度快,计算效率高。
2.提出了一种基于闭式空域格林函数的多层微带PCB结构的矩量方法。基于多层PCB模型,研究了强信号线对仅存在桩栅栏的邻层的电磁辐射干扰场,分析了多种结构参数对电磁辐射干扰场的影响规律。数值模拟表明,线长度越接近谐振长度、负载阻抗失配越严重、介质的损耗越小以及介质的厚度越大,产生的辐射干扰场就越大。
3.针对置有单屏蔽带多层PCB强信号线对邻层电磁干扰的模型,提出了一种修正的单屏蔽带多层微带PCB结构的电磁辐射计算方法。以此为基础研究了该模型环境下的电磁辐射效应,分析了信号线长度、终端负载、介质损耗、介质厚度、屏蔽线与强信号线间距离、屏蔽线宽度和长度对辐射抑制的影响规律。模拟表明单屏蔽带结构对辐射干扰场有较好的抑制效果;信号线长度越接近谐振长度、负载阻抗失配越严重、介质的厚度越小、屏蔽线离信号线越近以及屏蔽线宽度越大越有利于降低辐射干扰场;同时发现,介质损耗的大小和屏蔽线的长度对辐射场抑制的影响不明显。
4.针对置有双屏蔽带多层PCB强信号线对邻层电磁干扰的模型,提出了一种修正的双屏蔽带多层微带PCB结构的电磁辐射计算方法,进而深入研究了该模型环境下的电磁辐射效应,计算了强信号线两侧周围的电磁干扰场,讨论了相关参数对电磁干扰场的影响。数值分析表明,双屏蔽带结构对干扰场的抑制作用远高于单屏蔽带结构。
As the increasing applications of the electronic devices and the household appliances, the spectrum band becomes wider and wider, the operating frequency becomes higher and higher, which lead to that electromagnetic interference is greatly serious, and that electromagnetic environment is quite formidable. The electromagnetic interference has been regarded as a big obstacle for modern electronic technologic development. The electromagnetic compatibility of printed circuit board (PCB), which is the necessary for the electronic devices, can influence on the performance of the devices directly. Therefore, it is inevitable to investigate the electromagnetic compatibility on PCB and to control the electromagnetic interference between the electronic equipments.
In this paper, we studied several EMC problems, such as the antenna effectiveness of PCB traces and the electromagnetic interference suppression effectiveness of guard lines for signal lines. Moreover, we proposed an optimization method of suppression on multilayer PCB.
The main contributions of this paper are listed as follows:
1. A closed-form spatial domain Green's functions of basic microstrip geometry is proposed, and a high-efficient moment of method (MOM) algorithm is developed. The proposed approach can be used to calculate the radiating and scattering fields of large size microstrip geometry. Compare to the complex image method and FDTD, the proposed method quickens computing speed and enhances computational efficiency.
2. An MOM algorithm which includes closed-form spatial domain Green's functions of multilayer PCB geometry is proposed. Based on the multilayer PCB, the radiated interference field from a signal line to adjacent layer together with Faraday fence is calculated, and the relationship between the electromagnetic interference field and multiple parameters is researched. The numerical results show that the closer length to resonant lengths, the bigger mismatched loads, the smaller loss and the thicker thickness of substrate, the larger the radiated interference field.
3. For the model of the electromagnetic interference from a signal line and a shielding line placed nearby the signal line to adjacent layer, a modified algorithm of computing radiation for a shielding line on multilayer PCB geometry is proposed. The radiation effectiveness of the model is studied. Furthermore, the radiated suppression effectiveness of line length, termination loads, loss and thickness of the substrate, separation between shielding line and signal line, width and length of shielding line is analyzed. The results show that the geometry of a shielding line is suitable for interference reduction. The closer length to resonant lengths, the bigger mismatched loads, the thinner thickness of substrate, the shorter separation between shielding line and signal line, and the wider width of shielding line, the lower the electromagnetic interference field. In addition, the loss of substrate and the length of shielding line have little influence on the interference suppression.
4. For the model of the electromagnetic interference from a signal line and two shielding lines laid nearby both sides of the signal line to adjacent layer, a modified algorithm of computing radiation for two shielding lines is proposed. The radiation effectiveness of the model is investigated. Moreover, the electromagnetic interference field from a signal line and two shielding lines to adjacent layer is calculated, and the relationship between the electromagnetic field and correlative parameters is discussed. The results show that the interference reduction by two shielding lines is much stronger than that by the single shielding line.
引文
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