南水北调工程运行管理研究
|
摘要
南水北调工程是解决我国北方水资源严重短缺问题的重大战略措施,该工程是迄今为止世界上最大的调水工程,工程建成运营后,新老工程要进行联合调度运行,防洪排涝、调水、航运等方面的管理交织在一起,外调水与当地水资源的管理和配置相互交错,非常复杂。因此,工程的运行管理是南水北调的关键环节,关系到南水北调工程的成败。南水北调工程是跨流域调水的水资源配置工程,时空跨度大,其资源配置和管理关系复杂;南水北调工程投资主体多元化,筹资及建成后的产权关系复杂;水市场是“准市场”供求关系复杂,实现良性运行难度大。本文在分析总结国内外大型调水工程运行管理的基础上,根据工程自身特点,按照社会主义市场经济体制改革的要求,创新观念,创新思路,创新体制,探讨南水北调东线山东段工程运行管理,积极发挥南水北调工程建设的综合效益。
南水北调东线山东段的运行管理,在考虑南水北调工程具有的公益性和经营性双重作用、以及跨流域跨省市特点的基础上,应遵循以下原则:一是应遵循水资源的自然规律和价值规律;二是应体现水的“准市场”特点,产权明晰,有利于节水治污和水资源统一管理,以达到构建“政府宏观调控、准市场机制运作、现代企业管理、用水户参与”的运行模式;三是应适应社会主义市场经济体制改革要求的工程运行管理体制的目标。本项研究的总体思路是:在国家宏观调控下,采用股份制运作、企业化管理、用水户参与的方式,根据不同情况组建有限责任公司或供水公司。组建的公司按“国家控股,授权营运,统一调度,公司运作”的方式运行。国家控股,授权营运,统一调度,公司运作,这四个方面共同形成一个不可分割的体系。这样既可以有效克服市场失灵问题,又可以防止滥用政府权力;既可使得工程投资来源多渠道,责权利比较明确,又有利于产权管理。
完善的配套工程以及先进的自动化控制系统是有效地进行用水控制和运行调度、充分发挥工程效益的必要条件,是实施现代化科学管理的基础。为了充分发挥调水工程的作用,合理利用水资源,充分发挥调水工程的运行效率,降低运行成本,适应工程“准市场化”运营的要求,利用先进的信息采集技术、通讯技术及视频传输技术等,建立一套集信息采集、通信、监视、会商于一体的现代化管理系统是非常必要的。因此,工程建
Water Diversion Project is a serious shortage of water resources in north China is a significant strategic issue, the project is so far the world's largest water diversion works, which will be built after the operation, new and old works to a joint dispatching operation of Flood Control and Drainage, water diversion and shipping, and other aspects of management are intertwined, diverting water from the local water resources management and configuration interlock very complicated. Therefore, the operation and management of water is a crucial link between the success or failure of the South to North Water Transfer Project. Water Diversion Project is an inter-basin water transfer project allocation of water resources, space-time-span, its allocation of resources and management of complex relationships; Water Diversion Project diversifying their main investment, financing and the completion of the relationship between ownership and complex; Water markets are "quasi-market" supply and demand complex, difficult to achieve favorable operating . Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign large-scale water diversion project concluded Operation and Management, on the basis of its own characteristics, in accordance with the socialist market economic system requirements, the concept of innovation, innovative ideas, innovation system, of south-eastern Shandong section of operation and management, and actively play Nanshui north from the comprehensive efficiency of project construction.
South-eastern Shandong section of operation and management, in considering the diversion of public welfare projects and operating dual role, as well as inter-basin characteristics of the provinces and cities on the basis of the following principles should be followed: First, should follow the laws of nature and the law of value of water resources; Second, the water should reflect the "quasi-market" characteristics of defining property rights is conducive to water conservation and pollution control and unified management of water resources, so as to achieve Construction "government macro-control, quasi-market operation mechanism, modern management and households to participate in" Operation mode; Third, should meet the requirements of the socialist market economic system operation and management of projects institutional goals. The general concept of the study is: under the state's macro regulation and control, the use of joint-stock operations, enterprise management and households participatory manner, in accordance with different situations set up limited liability companies or water companies. Formation of the company on the basis of "state-controlled, authorized operation, unified control, the company operating" approach run. State-controlled, authorized operation, unified control, the company operating, these four aspects of a common form an integral system. This can effectively overcome market failures, but also prevent the abuse of government power; The source of investment for the project will make more channels, responsibility, right and profit was quite clear, and it helps property management.
Improve coordinated engineering and advanced automatic control system is effective for water control and operation scheduling, project efficiency and give full play to the necessary conditions for the implementation of modern scientific management is the foundation. In order to give full play to the role of water transfer project, the rational utilization of water resources, water diversion projects and give full play to the operating efficiency and reduce operating costs, meet project "quasi-market" operating requirements, the use of advanced information collection technology, communications technology and video transmission technology, the establishment of a set of information Acquisition, communications, surveillance, conferences, which integrates modern management system is very necessary. Therefore, after the project is completed in the operation and management must establish and improve the facilities, and the inter-basin water transfer project modern scientific management.
The price of water diversion project management is an important lever. The diversion project is an inter-basin water transfer project, the scale and immensity, the source of funding is a multi-channel, multi-level and diversified financing, operation and management must consider the price factor. The study say the inter-basin water transfer will be re-regional rational allocation of water resources optimization, adapt to the market economy, the economic price of water used to establish a water price formation mechanism, a price analysis and social sustainability of the price of water, establishing a reasonable price.
南水北调东线山东段的运行管理,在考虑南水北调工程具有的公益性和经营性双重作用、以及跨流域跨省市特点的基础上,应遵循以下原则:一是应遵循水资源的自然规律和价值规律;二是应体现水的“准市场”特点,产权明晰,有利于节水治污和水资源统一管理,以达到构建“政府宏观调控、准市场机制运作、现代企业管理、用水户参与”的运行模式;三是应适应社会主义市场经济体制改革要求的工程运行管理体制的目标。本项研究的总体思路是:在国家宏观调控下,采用股份制运作、企业化管理、用水户参与的方式,根据不同情况组建有限责任公司或供水公司。组建的公司按“国家控股,授权营运,统一调度,公司运作”的方式运行。国家控股,授权营运,统一调度,公司运作,这四个方面共同形成一个不可分割的体系。这样既可以有效克服市场失灵问题,又可以防止滥用政府权力;既可使得工程投资来源多渠道,责权利比较明确,又有利于产权管理。
完善的配套工程以及先进的自动化控制系统是有效地进行用水控制和运行调度、充分发挥工程效益的必要条件,是实施现代化科学管理的基础。为了充分发挥调水工程的作用,合理利用水资源,充分发挥调水工程的运行效率,降低运行成本,适应工程“准市场化”运营的要求,利用先进的信息采集技术、通讯技术及视频传输技术等,建立一套集信息采集、通信、监视、会商于一体的现代化管理系统是非常必要的。因此,工程建
Water Diversion Project is a serious shortage of water resources in north China is a significant strategic issue, the project is so far the world's largest water diversion works, which will be built after the operation, new and old works to a joint dispatching operation of Flood Control and Drainage, water diversion and shipping, and other aspects of management are intertwined, diverting water from the local water resources management and configuration interlock very complicated. Therefore, the operation and management of water is a crucial link between the success or failure of the South to North Water Transfer Project. Water Diversion Project is an inter-basin water transfer project allocation of water resources, space-time-span, its allocation of resources and management of complex relationships; Water Diversion Project diversifying their main investment, financing and the completion of the relationship between ownership and complex; Water markets are "quasi-market" supply and demand complex, difficult to achieve favorable operating . Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign large-scale water diversion project concluded Operation and Management, on the basis of its own characteristics, in accordance with the socialist market economic system requirements, the concept of innovation, innovative ideas, innovation system, of south-eastern Shandong section of operation and management, and actively play Nanshui north from the comprehensive efficiency of project construction.
South-eastern Shandong section of operation and management, in considering the diversion of public welfare projects and operating dual role, as well as inter-basin characteristics of the provinces and cities on the basis of the following principles should be followed: First, should follow the laws of nature and the law of value of water resources; Second, the water should reflect the "quasi-market" characteristics of defining property rights is conducive to water conservation and pollution control and unified management of water resources, so as to achieve Construction "government macro-control, quasi-market operation mechanism, modern management and households to participate in" Operation mode; Third, should meet the requirements of the socialist market economic system operation and management of projects institutional goals. The general concept of the study is: under the state's macro regulation and control, the use of joint-stock operations, enterprise management and households participatory manner, in accordance with different situations set up limited liability companies or water companies. Formation of the company on the basis of "state-controlled, authorized operation, unified control, the company operating" approach run. State-controlled, authorized operation, unified control, the company operating, these four aspects of a common form an integral system. This can effectively overcome market failures, but also prevent the abuse of government power; The source of investment for the project will make more channels, responsibility, right and profit was quite clear, and it helps property management.
Improve coordinated engineering and advanced automatic control system is effective for water control and operation scheduling, project efficiency and give full play to the necessary conditions for the implementation of modern scientific management is the foundation. In order to give full play to the role of water transfer project, the rational utilization of water resources, water diversion projects and give full play to the operating efficiency and reduce operating costs, meet project "quasi-market" operating requirements, the use of advanced information collection technology, communications technology and video transmission technology, the establishment of a set of information Acquisition, communications, surveillance, conferences, which integrates modern management system is very necessary. Therefore, after the project is completed in the operation and management must establish and improve the facilities, and the inter-basin water transfer project modern scientific management.
The price of water diversion project management is an important lever. The diversion project is an inter-basin water transfer project, the scale and immensity, the source of funding is a multi-channel, multi-level and diversified financing, operation and management must consider the price factor. The study say the inter-basin water transfer will be re-regional rational allocation of water resources optimization, adapt to the market economy, the economic price of water used to establish a water price formation mechanism, a price analysis and social sustainability of the price of water, establishing a reasonable price.
引文
(1) 国家发改委,水利部.南水北调工程总体规划[R].2002,55-57.
(2) 中水淮河工程有限责任公司,中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司.南水北调东线第一期工程可行性研究总报告2005,115-127.
(3) Endue,Del Rio.Riverbasin network modelforintegrat—ed water quantity /quality management[J].Journalof Water Re—sources Planning and Management,2001(5):295.
(4) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.188
(5) 水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程建设与管理研究[R].2001,51-54.
(6) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.72-90
(7) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.30-57
(8) 水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程建设与管理研究[R].2001,59-60.
(9) 杜威漩著译.中国农业水资源管理制度创新研究—理论框架、制度透视与创新构思.河南:黄河水利出版社。2006.5.40
(10) 李长杰,王先甲等.信息不对称约束下用水许可证拍卖制度设计.运筹与管理.2006.6.
(11) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.255-257
(12) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.202-204
(13) 杜贇,房少军,栾秀珍.数字微波通信跨海路径天线高度设计的软件实现[J]无线通信技术,2002.2.
(14) 中华,郭兵.现代通信技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.1.
(15) 王承恕.现代通信网[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.1
(16) 孙乐民.光纤通信技术[J]国防科技:1994.4
(17) 陆沨,郁梅.视频会议系统及应用[J]微机发展,2000.1
(18) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.202-204
(19) 水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程水价分析研究[R].2002,14-24.
(20) 水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程水价分析研究[R].2002,32-52.
(21) 水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程水价分析研究[R].2002,85-95.
(22) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.188
[1]国家发改委,水利部.南水北调工程总体规划[R].2002,55-57.
[2]中水淮河工程有限责任公司、中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司.南水北调东线第一期工程可行性研究总报告,2005.11.
[3]北京航空航天大学.南水北调中线干线工程施工信息管理系统技术方案[R],北京:北京航空航天大学,2005.
[4]汪恕诚著.资源水利—人与自然和谐相处[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社出版,2003.161.
[5]水利部.水利工程管理体制改革实施意见[J].水利发展研究,2002,(11):7.
[6]焦爱华、杨高升.中国水市场的运作模型研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2001,21(4):27-30.
[7]吕东辉.建立我国水市场的设想[[J].生态经济,2002(13)
[8]张郁.利用期货市场转移南水北调中的水价波动风险[R].中国水情分析研究报告,2001,16.
[9]马智民,俞全宏,姜作勤.应用地理信息系统设计与实现[M].西安:西安地图出版社,1996.
[10]姚治君等.区域水资源承载力的研究进展及其理论探析[J].水科学进展,2002.31(1).
[11]李令跃 甘泓.试论水资源合理配置和承载能力概念与可持续发展之间的关系[J].水科学进展2000.11(3).
[12]惠泱河等.二元模式下水资源承载力系统动态仿真模型研究[J].地理研究,2001(5).
[13]雒文生 宋星原.水环境分析及预测[M].武汉:武汉水利电力大学出版社,2002.
[14]鲁学仁.华北暨胶东地区水资源研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1992.10.
[15]长江水资源质量公报.长江流域水资源保护局,2003.
[16]方乐润.水资源工程系统分析[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.
[17]姜文来著,水资源价值论,北京:科学出版社,1998.
[18]沈振荣、苏人琼主编,中国农业水危机对策研究,北京:中国农业科技出版社,1998
[19]刘昌明,杜伟.考虑环境因素的水资源联合利用最优化分析.水利学报,1986(5)
[33]吴俊木.南水北调中线工程环境影响初步评价,南水北调中线工程论文集.人民长江,1994(增刊)
[20]刘昌明,何希吾等著.21世纪中国水问题方略。北京:科学出版社,1996.
[21]刘文强,1999,塔里木河流域基于产权交易的水管理机制研究,申请清华大学管理学博士学位论文
[22]潘家华,水资源市场配置论,持续发展的途径的经济学分析,人民大学出版社,1997
[23]王绍光、胡鞍钢,1999,中国:不平衡发展的政治经济学,中国计划出版社
[24]斯蒂格利茨,经济学,中国人民大学出版社,1997
[25]柯礼聃,中国水法与水管理,水利电力出版社,1998
[26]方子云.水利建设的环境效益分析与量化[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.1993.
[27]汪恕诚,水权和水市场——谈实现水资源优化配置的经济手段,在中国水利学会2000年会上的讲话
[28]胡鞍钢 王亚华,2000,转型期水资源配置的公共政策:准市场和政治民主协商,中国水利2000年第11期
[29]丁民,2003,对南水北调工程管理问题的几点思考,南水北调与水利科技2003年第4期
[30]许新宜,2002,体制机制是南水北调工程总体规划的保障基础,中国水利2002年第11期
[31]杨武军,郭娟,张继荣,屈军锁.现代通信网概论[M].西安:西安电子科学大学出版社,2003年8月
[32]原荣.光纤通信[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006年9月
[33]马军山.光纤通信原理与技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004年8月
[34]杨裕亮.现代通信网络[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006年6月
[35]中水淮河工程有限责任公司,中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司.南水北调东线第一期工程可行性研究总报告2005,115-127.
[36]杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.188
[37]水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程建设与管理研究[R].2001,51-54.
[38]杜威漩著译.中国农业水资源管理制度创新研究—理论框架、制度透视与创新构思.河南:黄河水利出版社。2006.5.40
[39]李长杰,王先甲等.信息不对称约束下用水许可证拍卖制度设计.运筹与管理.2006.6.
[40]杜赟,房少军,栾秀珍.数字微波通信跨海路径天线高度设计的软件实现[J]无线通信技术,2002.2.
[41]中华,郭兵.现代通信技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.1.
[42]王承恕.现代通信网[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.1
[43]孙乐民.光纤通信技术[J]国防科技,1994.4
[44]陆沨,郁梅.视频会议系统及应用[J]微机发展,2000.1
[45]水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程水价分析研究[R].2002,51-54.
[46]Technical Advisory Committee on Water Defence.From probability of exceedance to probability of flooding[M].Delft,The Netherlands:Ministry of Transport,public Works and water Management,2000.3-5.
[47]N.Vrisou van Eck and M.Kok.Standard method for Predicting Damage and Casualties as a Result of Floods[M].Delft,The Netherlands:Ministry of Transport,public Works and water Management,2001.22-41.
[48]J.K.Vrijling,H.G.Voorman.Reliability-based design of flood defences[A].Flood defence'2002[C].Beijing:Science Press,2002,123-133.
[49]S.N.Jonkman,P.H.A.J.M.van Gelder,J.K.Vrijling.Loss of life models for sea and river floods[A].Flood defence:2002[C].Beijing:Science Press,2002,196-206.
[50]Dushmanta Dutta,Srikantha Herath,Katumi Musiake.A mathematical model flood loss estimation[J].Journal of hydrology,2003,277(2003):24-49.
[51]J.K.Vrijling.Probabilistic design of water defense system in the Netherlands[J]. Reliability engineering and system safety,2004 74(2001):337-344.
[52]S.E.van Marten,M.Brinkhuis.Pilot case flood risk[A].Applications of statistics and probability in civil engineering[C].Rotterdam:Millpress,2003.881-887.
[53]Huffaker R.The role of prior appropriation in allocating waterresources into the 21st century[J].Water Resources Depart-ment,2000,16(2):265-273
[54]Endue,Del Rio.Riverbasin network modelforintegrat-ed water quantity /quality management[J].Journal of Water Re-sources Planning and Management,2001(5):295-305.
(2) 中水淮河工程有限责任公司,中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司.南水北调东线第一期工程可行性研究总报告2005,115-127.
(3) Endue,Del Rio.Riverbasin network modelforintegrat—ed water quantity /quality management[J].Journalof Water Re—sources Planning and Management,2001(5):295.
(4) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.188
(5) 水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程建设与管理研究[R].2001,51-54.
(6) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.72-90
(7) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.30-57
(8) 水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程建设与管理研究[R].2001,59-60.
(9) 杜威漩著译.中国农业水资源管理制度创新研究—理论框架、制度透视与创新构思.河南:黄河水利出版社。2006.5.40
(10) 李长杰,王先甲等.信息不对称约束下用水许可证拍卖制度设计.运筹与管理.2006.6.
(11) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.255-257
(12) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.202-204
(13) 杜贇,房少军,栾秀珍.数字微波通信跨海路径天线高度设计的软件实现[J]无线通信技术,2002.2.
(14) 中华,郭兵.现代通信技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.1.
(15) 王承恕.现代通信网[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.1
(16) 孙乐民.光纤通信技术[J]国防科技:1994.4
(17) 陆沨,郁梅.视频会议系统及应用[J]微机发展,2000.1
(18) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.202-204
(19) 水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程水价分析研究[R].2002,14-24.
(20) 水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程水价分析研究[R].2002,32-52.
(21) 水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程水价分析研究[R].2002,85-95.
(22) 杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.188
[1]国家发改委,水利部.南水北调工程总体规划[R].2002,55-57.
[2]中水淮河工程有限责任公司、中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司.南水北调东线第一期工程可行性研究总报告,2005.11.
[3]北京航空航天大学.南水北调中线干线工程施工信息管理系统技术方案[R],北京:北京航空航天大学,2005.
[4]汪恕诚著.资源水利—人与自然和谐相处[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社出版,2003.161.
[5]水利部.水利工程管理体制改革实施意见[J].水利发展研究,2002,(11):7.
[6]焦爱华、杨高升.中国水市场的运作模型研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2001,21(4):27-30.
[7]吕东辉.建立我国水市场的设想[[J].生态经济,2002(13)
[8]张郁.利用期货市场转移南水北调中的水价波动风险[R].中国水情分析研究报告,2001,16.
[9]马智民,俞全宏,姜作勤.应用地理信息系统设计与实现[M].西安:西安地图出版社,1996.
[10]姚治君等.区域水资源承载力的研究进展及其理论探析[J].水科学进展,2002.31(1).
[11]李令跃 甘泓.试论水资源合理配置和承载能力概念与可持续发展之间的关系[J].水科学进展2000.11(3).
[12]惠泱河等.二元模式下水资源承载力系统动态仿真模型研究[J].地理研究,2001(5).
[13]雒文生 宋星原.水环境分析及预测[M].武汉:武汉水利电力大学出版社,2002.
[14]鲁学仁.华北暨胶东地区水资源研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1992.10.
[15]长江水资源质量公报.长江流域水资源保护局,2003.
[16]方乐润.水资源工程系统分析[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.
[17]姜文来著,水资源价值论,北京:科学出版社,1998.
[18]沈振荣、苏人琼主编,中国农业水危机对策研究,北京:中国农业科技出版社,1998
[19]刘昌明,杜伟.考虑环境因素的水资源联合利用最优化分析.水利学报,1986(5)
[33]吴俊木.南水北调中线工程环境影响初步评价,南水北调中线工程论文集.人民长江,1994(增刊)
[20]刘昌明,何希吾等著.21世纪中国水问题方略。北京:科学出版社,1996.
[21]刘文强,1999,塔里木河流域基于产权交易的水管理机制研究,申请清华大学管理学博士学位论文
[22]潘家华,水资源市场配置论,持续发展的途径的经济学分析,人民大学出版社,1997
[23]王绍光、胡鞍钢,1999,中国:不平衡发展的政治经济学,中国计划出版社
[24]斯蒂格利茨,经济学,中国人民大学出版社,1997
[25]柯礼聃,中国水法与水管理,水利电力出版社,1998
[26]方子云.水利建设的环境效益分析与量化[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.1993.
[27]汪恕诚,水权和水市场——谈实现水资源优化配置的经济手段,在中国水利学会2000年会上的讲话
[28]胡鞍钢 王亚华,2000,转型期水资源配置的公共政策:准市场和政治民主协商,中国水利2000年第11期
[29]丁民,2003,对南水北调工程管理问题的几点思考,南水北调与水利科技2003年第4期
[30]许新宜,2002,体制机制是南水北调工程总体规划的保障基础,中国水利2002年第11期
[31]杨武军,郭娟,张继荣,屈军锁.现代通信网概论[M].西安:西安电子科学大学出版社,2003年8月
[32]原荣.光纤通信[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006年9月
[33]马军山.光纤通信原理与技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004年8月
[34]杨裕亮.现代通信网络[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006年6月
[35]中水淮河工程有限责任公司,中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司.南水北调东线第一期工程可行性研究总报告2005,115-127.
[36]杨立信等编译.国外调水工程.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2003.188
[37]水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程建设与管理研究[R].2001,51-54.
[38]杜威漩著译.中国农业水资源管理制度创新研究—理论框架、制度透视与创新构思.河南:黄河水利出版社。2006.5.40
[39]李长杰,王先甲等.信息不对称约束下用水许可证拍卖制度设计.运筹与管理.2006.6.
[40]杜赟,房少军,栾秀珍.数字微波通信跨海路径天线高度设计的软件实现[J]无线通信技术,2002.2.
[41]中华,郭兵.现代通信技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.1.
[42]王承恕.现代通信网[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.1
[43]孙乐民.光纤通信技术[J]国防科技,1994.4
[44]陆沨,郁梅.视频会议系统及应用[J]微机发展,2000.1
[45]水利部发展研究中心,水利部南水北调规和设计管理局.南水北调工程水价分析研究[R].2002,51-54.
[46]Technical Advisory Committee on Water Defence.From probability of exceedance to probability of flooding[M].Delft,The Netherlands:Ministry of Transport,public Works and water Management,2000.3-5.
[47]N.Vrisou van Eck and M.Kok.Standard method for Predicting Damage and Casualties as a Result of Floods[M].Delft,The Netherlands:Ministry of Transport,public Works and water Management,2001.22-41.
[48]J.K.Vrijling,H.G.Voorman.Reliability-based design of flood defences[A].Flood defence'2002[C].Beijing:Science Press,2002,123-133.
[49]S.N.Jonkman,P.H.A.J.M.van Gelder,J.K.Vrijling.Loss of life models for sea and river floods[A].Flood defence:2002[C].Beijing:Science Press,2002,196-206.
[50]Dushmanta Dutta,Srikantha Herath,Katumi Musiake.A mathematical model flood loss estimation[J].Journal of hydrology,2003,277(2003):24-49.
[51]J.K.Vrijling.Probabilistic design of water defense system in the Netherlands[J]. Reliability engineering and system safety,2004 74(2001):337-344.
[52]S.E.van Marten,M.Brinkhuis.Pilot case flood risk[A].Applications of statistics and probability in civil engineering[C].Rotterdam:Millpress,2003.881-887.
[53]Huffaker R.The role of prior appropriation in allocating waterresources into the 21st century[J].Water Resources Depart-ment,2000,16(2):265-273
[54]Endue,Del Rio.Riverbasin network modelforintegrat-ed water quantity /quality management[J].Journal of Water Re-sources Planning and Management,2001(5):295-305.