内蒙古地区地表光合有效辐射和植被净初级生产力估算
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摘要
内蒙古地区位于我国边疆,地域辽阔,跨28个经度和16个纬度,总土地面积约118万km~2,约占全国总面积的12.13%。内蒙古地区的草原具有中纬度半干旱温带草原的代表性,是全球变化较敏感的区域之一。此外,由于近年来的气候干旱和人为开垦破坏的增加,导致该地区生态环境更加脆弱,内蒙古中西部还是华北地区沙尘天气的重要的发源地(朱文泉等,2005)。所以,开展内蒙古植被NPP及其时空分布的研究,对于掌握该地区的生态系统质量状况和自然生产能力具有重要的意义。
本文利用MODIS数据,采用改进PARCAL算法反演地表光合有效辐射(PAR),驱动GLO-PEM模型模拟内蒙古地区植被净初级生产力(NPP),并且利用大量野外工作的样方数据对模型模拟NPP进行验证,并将模型模拟的PAR和NPP做空间分析,得到结论如下:
(1)在内蒙古地区,当海拔小于300m时,光合有效辐射为6.6MJ/d,当海拔大于2700m时,光合有效辐射为8.2MJ/d。海拔每增加300m,光合有效辐射约增加0.2MJ/d。内蒙古地区PAR具有明显的季节变化特征,夏季大,冬季小。PAR从1月份开始不断增加,到6月份达一年最大值,然后从7月份开始下降,到12月降到最低。
(2)2003-2008年内蒙古地区植被净初级生产力年总平均值为0.25 PgC×a-1。比朱文泉等(2005)模拟的结果偏低(0.39 PgC×a-1),按照朴世龙等(2001)模拟全国植被净初级生产力总量为1.69 PgC×a-1,则内蒙古地区植被NPP总量约占全国的14.79%。
(3)2003-2008年间内蒙古NPP由西南到东北逐渐增加分布的总体趋势是没有变化,只是局部地区有变化。近6年以来内蒙古地区NPP总量总体上呈现出逐渐减少的趋势,但减少幅度不大,属于短期波动。
(4)内蒙古陆地生态系统不同植被类型的NPP呈现出不同的特征。其中,平均NPP值最高的为落叶阔叶林,达到了498.21gC/m~2/yr,其次是混交林、常绿针叶林、农田等,单位平均NPP都300 gC/m~2/yr以上。草地为260.44gC/m~2/yr,荒漠区域只有13.33gC/m~2/yr。
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in northern frontier of china, a vast territory, including the 28 cross-longitude, latitude16 north and south Vietnam, with a total area of about1.18 million km2, accounting for12.13% of total area, grassland is rich in resources, is the largest grasslands in pastoral areas of China. Inner Mongolia is the world's a typical mid-latitude semi-arid temperate grassland ecosystem types, in the temperate grasslands of representative and typical of global change research in IGBP land of Northeast China Transect Transect within the land, is the most sensitive area of global change. Meanwhile, due to reclamation of arid climate and human destruction, more vulnerable ecological environment, and the central and western Inner Mongolia in North China dust weather and dust storms of the primary origin (Zhu Wenquan, etc., 2005). Therefore, vegetation in Inner Mongolia to carry out its distribution of NPP for the control of the region's eco-system quality and natural production capacity is of great significance.
By using MODIS data, using the improved inversion algorithm PARCAL to estimate PAR, drive GLO-PEM model to simulate net primary production in Inner Mongolia , a large amount of field work data plots to verify the model simulated NPP result . The thesis do spatial analysis with simulated PAR and NPP ,with the following conclusions:
(1) in the Inner Mongolia region, when elevation less than 300 meters, the photosynthetic active radiation of 6.6 MJ / day, when elevation more than 2,700 meters, the photosynthetic active radiation of 8.2 MJ / day. Each additional 300 meters of elevation, photosynthetic active radiation increased by about 0.2 MJ / day. Inner Mongolia PAR obvious seasonal variation, summer largest, while in winter smallest. PAR began to increase from January to June for one year maximum, and then began to decline from July to December to a minimum.
(2) NPP in Inner Mongolia's total annual average of 0.25PgC×a-1from 2003 to2008. The result slightly lower than Zhu Wenquan (2005) simulation results (0.39 PgC×a-1), according to Pu Shilong et al (2001) Simulation of the national net primary production was 1.69 PgC× a~(-1), the total NPP of vegetation in Inner Mongolia account for about 14.79% of national.wide.
(3) NPP increased from the southwest to northeast in Inner Mongolia between 2003 and 2008, the distribution of the overall trend is not changed, but some areas have changed. Nearly 6 years, the total NPP in Inner Mongolia in general showed a decreased tendency, with litter extent and short-term fluctuations.
(4) Inner Mongolia terrestrial ecosystem NPP of different vegetation types show different characteristics. Among them, the highest average NPP values for deciduous broad-leaved forest, reaching 498.21gC/m~2/yr, followed by the evergreen broad-leaved forest, as 434.2gC/m~2/yr, followed by mixed forest, evergreen coniferous forest, farmland etc. The average NPP are more than 300 gC/m~2/yr. Grass for the 260.44gC/m~2/yr, desert region only 13.33gC/m~2yr.
本文利用MODIS数据,采用改进PARCAL算法反演地表光合有效辐射(PAR),驱动GLO-PEM模型模拟内蒙古地区植被净初级生产力(NPP),并且利用大量野外工作的样方数据对模型模拟NPP进行验证,并将模型模拟的PAR和NPP做空间分析,得到结论如下:
(1)在内蒙古地区,当海拔小于300m时,光合有效辐射为6.6MJ/d,当海拔大于2700m时,光合有效辐射为8.2MJ/d。海拔每增加300m,光合有效辐射约增加0.2MJ/d。内蒙古地区PAR具有明显的季节变化特征,夏季大,冬季小。PAR从1月份开始不断增加,到6月份达一年最大值,然后从7月份开始下降,到12月降到最低。
(2)2003-2008年内蒙古地区植被净初级生产力年总平均值为0.25 PgC×a-1。比朱文泉等(2005)模拟的结果偏低(0.39 PgC×a-1),按照朴世龙等(2001)模拟全国植被净初级生产力总量为1.69 PgC×a-1,则内蒙古地区植被NPP总量约占全国的14.79%。
(3)2003-2008年间内蒙古NPP由西南到东北逐渐增加分布的总体趋势是没有变化,只是局部地区有变化。近6年以来内蒙古地区NPP总量总体上呈现出逐渐减少的趋势,但减少幅度不大,属于短期波动。
(4)内蒙古陆地生态系统不同植被类型的NPP呈现出不同的特征。其中,平均NPP值最高的为落叶阔叶林,达到了498.21gC/m~2/yr,其次是混交林、常绿针叶林、农田等,单位平均NPP都300 gC/m~2/yr以上。草地为260.44gC/m~2/yr,荒漠区域只有13.33gC/m~2/yr。
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in northern frontier of china, a vast territory, including the 28 cross-longitude, latitude16 north and south Vietnam, with a total area of about1.18 million km2, accounting for12.13% of total area, grassland is rich in resources, is the largest grasslands in pastoral areas of China. Inner Mongolia is the world's a typical mid-latitude semi-arid temperate grassland ecosystem types, in the temperate grasslands of representative and typical of global change research in IGBP land of Northeast China Transect Transect within the land, is the most sensitive area of global change. Meanwhile, due to reclamation of arid climate and human destruction, more vulnerable ecological environment, and the central and western Inner Mongolia in North China dust weather and dust storms of the primary origin (Zhu Wenquan, etc., 2005). Therefore, vegetation in Inner Mongolia to carry out its distribution of NPP for the control of the region's eco-system quality and natural production capacity is of great significance.
By using MODIS data, using the improved inversion algorithm PARCAL to estimate PAR, drive GLO-PEM model to simulate net primary production in Inner Mongolia , a large amount of field work data plots to verify the model simulated NPP result . The thesis do spatial analysis with simulated PAR and NPP ,with the following conclusions:
(1) in the Inner Mongolia region, when elevation less than 300 meters, the photosynthetic active radiation of 6.6 MJ / day, when elevation more than 2,700 meters, the photosynthetic active radiation of 8.2 MJ / day. Each additional 300 meters of elevation, photosynthetic active radiation increased by about 0.2 MJ / day. Inner Mongolia PAR obvious seasonal variation, summer largest, while in winter smallest. PAR began to increase from January to June for one year maximum, and then began to decline from July to December to a minimum.
(2) NPP in Inner Mongolia's total annual average of 0.25PgC×a-1from 2003 to2008. The result slightly lower than Zhu Wenquan (2005) simulation results (0.39 PgC×a-1), according to Pu Shilong et al (2001) Simulation of the national net primary production was 1.69 PgC× a~(-1), the total NPP of vegetation in Inner Mongolia account for about 14.79% of national.wide.
(3) NPP increased from the southwest to northeast in Inner Mongolia between 2003 and 2008, the distribution of the overall trend is not changed, but some areas have changed. Nearly 6 years, the total NPP in Inner Mongolia in general showed a decreased tendency, with litter extent and short-term fluctuations.
(4) Inner Mongolia terrestrial ecosystem NPP of different vegetation types show different characteristics. Among them, the highest average NPP values for deciduous broad-leaved forest, reaching 498.21gC/m~2/yr, followed by the evergreen broad-leaved forest, as 434.2gC/m~2/yr, followed by mixed forest, evergreen coniferous forest, farmland etc. The average NPP are more than 300 gC/m~2/yr. Grass for the 260.44gC/m~2/yr, desert region only 13.33gC/m~2yr.
引文
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陈渭民等. 2000.由卫星资料估算晴空大气太阳直接辐射和散射辐射.气象学报. 58(4): 457-469.
陈卓奇.2009.青藏高原草地生态系统生产力与承载力研究[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
崔林丽,史军,2005,中国陆地经初级生产力的季节变化研究.地理科学进展,24(3):8-16
冯险峰. 2004.基于过程的中国陆地生态系统生产力和蒸散遥感研究.[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
郝永萍,陈育峰,张兴有.1998,植被净初级生产力模型估算及其对气候变化的响应研究进展.地球科学进展, 13(6):564-570.
李刚,辛晓平,王道龙等. 2007.改进CASA模型在内蒙古草地生产力估算中的应用.生态学杂志. 26(12):2100-2106.
李高飞,任海,李岩,柳江,2003.植被净第一性生产力研究回顾与发展趋势.生态科学,22(4):360-365
李贵才. 2004.基于MODIS数据和光能利用率模型的中国陆地净初级生产力估算研究.[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院研究生院
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