变速恒频风力发电机组模拟系统的研究
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摘要
随着工业的发展、人类对生活水平要求的提高和低碳经济政策的提出,光靠常规能源的开发和利用已经远远满足不了社会的需要和可持续发展的要求。所以对可再生清洁能源的开发已经是一种迫在眉睫的趋势了,在已经开始开发的新能源中,风能无疑是技术最成熟、最具有规模开发和商业发展前景的。为此,风力发电事业近年来在世界各国都得到了大力的发展。尤其是在国内,近几年装机容量都以至少30%的速度快速增长。
鉴于目前风能利用效率还有待风电技术的发展而提高,特别是国内的风力发电技术与国外相比还有很大的差距,所以认真而系统的对风力发电技术进行研究是非常必要的。但是实际的风电场大多处于偏远的地区,给大多数长期从事风电科研的人员带来实践研究的不便。为此,建立一套先进的风力发电模拟系统是在实验室环境下研究风电的一个必然途径。本文就将利用异步电动机作为原动机代替风力机,用DSP作为控制器,与无刷双馈发电机构成一套完善的风力发电模拟系统。文章主要就以下几个方面对系统的设计和构建作出详细的阐述。
1、对风力发电的基本理论和风力机的工作原理进行详细的分析,就定浆距和变浆距风力机的区别与联系进行比较。在研究风力机模拟原理和技术的基础上,根据系统结构、模拟特性和原动机的不同,对目前已有的风力发电模拟方法进行分类分析。针对风力机的发展趋势,主要就变浆距风力机在风速不同的情况下其运行特性的不同,将变浆距风力机的运行区域划分为最大风能捕获区、恒速区和恒功率区,并就各个区段上风力机的运行特性进行详细分析,从而得出在不同区段上变浆距风力机的模拟方法和模拟重点。并通过仿真实验验证了分区段模拟方法的可行性和实效性。
2、作为原动机的异步电动机,其控制策略的好坏直接影响整个系统的性能。文章就异步电动机的基本结构和工作原理进行了分析,对异步电动机在各种坐标系下的数学模型进行了研究。从能量回收的角度就目前已有的异步电动机控制方法进行分类分析和比较,最后选定直接转矩控制(DTC)作为本系统原动机的控制策略。为了使直接转矩控制具有更小的转矩脉动和较好的低速性能,文章利用灰色预测原理和模糊控制算法对传统的直接转矩控制进行优化,最后得到了控制效果比较理想的灰色模糊DTC,并通过仿真实验验证了该理论在风力机模拟系统中的可行性和优越性。
3、发电机系统控制策略的好坏直接影响整个系统的模拟效果。在介绍无刷双馈电机的数学模型和工作原理的基础上,接着总结了本实验室在研究无刷双馈风力发电系统的控制策略上已取得的部分成果,包括同步坐标系下的功率解耦控制、自抗扰功率解耦控制和基于模型参考的功率解耦控制。
4、用一个TI公司的TMS320F2812 DSP和ABB变频器作为原动机的控制器,用一个DSP和一组整流逆变装置作为发电机的控制器,用一个DSP实时监测和分析发电机的输出状态,与综合监控器(PC机或ARM)一起构成风力发电模拟系统的控制单元。以模块化的方式分别介绍了风力机模拟子系统、风速采集子系统、发电机控制子系统、发电机状态监测子系统和综合监控子系统的硬件设计和软件设计。使得整个系统从总体结构,硬件设计到软件设计都得以实现。
5、为了使风力发电模拟系统融入实验室的风光互补发电系统,本文就构建一套综合网络监测系统的有关模拟系统部分做了详细分析,主要介绍网监系统的整体结构、数据采集模块、通信模块和终端显示模块。主要包括C2000 Plus串口转换器的工作原理,串口通信程序的实现方法,网络套接字的使用方法和ZedGraph图形界面控件的使用。
最后在实验室以上述理论成果为基础搭建了风力发电模拟实验平台。在平台上对变速恒频风力发电进行了模拟发电实验,并对实验结果进行了分析。结果表明了本模拟系统的可行性和实用性。
Along with the industry development, the humanity level of living unceasing enhancement and the proposed low-carbon economic policies, the development and use of conventional energy source already could not satisfy society's need and the sustainable development request. Therefore the development of renewable clean energy is already a trend in the immediate, in various new energy sources, wind power is undoubtedly the most technologically mature, the most large-scale development and business development prospects. Therefore, the wind power generation in recent years, countries around the world have been vigorously developing. Especially in domestic, in recent years the installed capacity by at least 30% speed swift growth.
Given the current wind energy utilization efficiency need to be improved, especially in the domestic wind power generation technology with foreign countries, there is still a wide gap, so earnest and systematic study of wind power generation technology is necessary. However, most of the actual wind farm in the remote suburbs, it brings inconvenient to the majority of wind power researchers. Therefore, establishes an advanced wind power generation simulation system is a foundation for study the wind power under the laboratory environment. This article will use of an induction motor as prime mover instead of the wind machine, with the DSP as controllers, with the brushless doubly-fed generator constitutes a complete simulation system. It will detail the following aspects of the system design and build.
1. Make a detailed analysis of the basic theory of wind power and the working principle of wind turbine, and compared the differences and linkages of variable pitch wind turbine and fix pitch wind turbine. Study of wind turbine simulation theory and technology, and classified analysis the existing wind power simulation methods according to the difference of the system architecture, simulation features and the original motivation. Divide the work area of variable pitch wind turbine into the maximum power point tracking section, the constant-speed section and the constant-power section, according to its different operational characteristics in different wind speed circumstances. A detailed analysis of the performance characteristics of variable pitch wind turbines in each section, obtained its simulation method and simulation focus on different section. And through modeling and simulation verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
2. The asynchronous motor, as a prime mover of, its control strategy directly affects the performance of the whole system. So, this paper analyzes the basic structure and working principle of asynchronous motor, and studied the mathematical model of induction motors at different coordinate system. Classification analysis and comparison of the asynchronous motor control method from the perspective of energy recovery, and decided to use the direct torque control system as the prime mover of the control strategy. In order to direct torque control with a smaller torque ripple and better low-speed performance, the article using gray prediction theory and fuzzy control algorithm to optimize the conventional direct torque control. And through simulation results verify the feasibility and superiority of the theory in the wind turbine simulation systems.
3. Generator system control strategy for a direct impact on the entire system simulation results. The paper introducing the working principle and mathematical model of brushless doubly-fed machine, and summarizes a part of the research results on the the control strategy for brushless doubly-fed wind power generation system in our laboratory. It including the power decoupling control strategy based on synchronous coordinate, the power decoupling control strategy based on ADRC and the power decoupling control strategy based on MFC.
4. With a TI company's TMS320F2812 DSP and ABB converter as a prime mover controller, a DSP and a set of rectifier inverter device as the generator controller, using a DSP real-time monitoring and analysis the output of generator, and Integrated Monitor (PC or ARM) together constitute the control unit of wind power generation simulation system. Introduced the hardware design and software design of wind turbine simulation subsystem, wind speed acquisition subsystem, generator control subsystem, and generator condition monitoring subsystem and integrated monitoring subsystem in a modular way. Makes the whole system’s general architecture, hardware design to software design has realized.
5. To make wind power generation simulation system to become part of the solar-wind power generation system in laboratory, this article has done a detailed analysis on how to construct a comprehensive network monitoring system. Focuses on the system’s overall structure, data acquisition module, communication module and terminal module. Include the work principle of C2000-Plus serial converter, the realization method of serial communication program, the using methods of network socket and graphical interface controls(ZedGraph).
The wind power generation simulation platform has been implemented based on the above theory in our laboratory. Has done a VSCF wind power generation simulation experiment, and analyzed the experimental results. The results show that the feasibility and practicality of this simulation system.
鉴于目前风能利用效率还有待风电技术的发展而提高,特别是国内的风力发电技术与国外相比还有很大的差距,所以认真而系统的对风力发电技术进行研究是非常必要的。但是实际的风电场大多处于偏远的地区,给大多数长期从事风电科研的人员带来实践研究的不便。为此,建立一套先进的风力发电模拟系统是在实验室环境下研究风电的一个必然途径。本文就将利用异步电动机作为原动机代替风力机,用DSP作为控制器,与无刷双馈发电机构成一套完善的风力发电模拟系统。文章主要就以下几个方面对系统的设计和构建作出详细的阐述。
1、对风力发电的基本理论和风力机的工作原理进行详细的分析,就定浆距和变浆距风力机的区别与联系进行比较。在研究风力机模拟原理和技术的基础上,根据系统结构、模拟特性和原动机的不同,对目前已有的风力发电模拟方法进行分类分析。针对风力机的发展趋势,主要就变浆距风力机在风速不同的情况下其运行特性的不同,将变浆距风力机的运行区域划分为最大风能捕获区、恒速区和恒功率区,并就各个区段上风力机的运行特性进行详细分析,从而得出在不同区段上变浆距风力机的模拟方法和模拟重点。并通过仿真实验验证了分区段模拟方法的可行性和实效性。
2、作为原动机的异步电动机,其控制策略的好坏直接影响整个系统的性能。文章就异步电动机的基本结构和工作原理进行了分析,对异步电动机在各种坐标系下的数学模型进行了研究。从能量回收的角度就目前已有的异步电动机控制方法进行分类分析和比较,最后选定直接转矩控制(DTC)作为本系统原动机的控制策略。为了使直接转矩控制具有更小的转矩脉动和较好的低速性能,文章利用灰色预测原理和模糊控制算法对传统的直接转矩控制进行优化,最后得到了控制效果比较理想的灰色模糊DTC,并通过仿真实验验证了该理论在风力机模拟系统中的可行性和优越性。
3、发电机系统控制策略的好坏直接影响整个系统的模拟效果。在介绍无刷双馈电机的数学模型和工作原理的基础上,接着总结了本实验室在研究无刷双馈风力发电系统的控制策略上已取得的部分成果,包括同步坐标系下的功率解耦控制、自抗扰功率解耦控制和基于模型参考的功率解耦控制。
4、用一个TI公司的TMS320F2812 DSP和ABB变频器作为原动机的控制器,用一个DSP和一组整流逆变装置作为发电机的控制器,用一个DSP实时监测和分析发电机的输出状态,与综合监控器(PC机或ARM)一起构成风力发电模拟系统的控制单元。以模块化的方式分别介绍了风力机模拟子系统、风速采集子系统、发电机控制子系统、发电机状态监测子系统和综合监控子系统的硬件设计和软件设计。使得整个系统从总体结构,硬件设计到软件设计都得以实现。
5、为了使风力发电模拟系统融入实验室的风光互补发电系统,本文就构建一套综合网络监测系统的有关模拟系统部分做了详细分析,主要介绍网监系统的整体结构、数据采集模块、通信模块和终端显示模块。主要包括C2000 Plus串口转换器的工作原理,串口通信程序的实现方法,网络套接字的使用方法和ZedGraph图形界面控件的使用。
最后在实验室以上述理论成果为基础搭建了风力发电模拟实验平台。在平台上对变速恒频风力发电进行了模拟发电实验,并对实验结果进行了分析。结果表明了本模拟系统的可行性和实用性。
Along with the industry development, the humanity level of living unceasing enhancement and the proposed low-carbon economic policies, the development and use of conventional energy source already could not satisfy society's need and the sustainable development request. Therefore the development of renewable clean energy is already a trend in the immediate, in various new energy sources, wind power is undoubtedly the most technologically mature, the most large-scale development and business development prospects. Therefore, the wind power generation in recent years, countries around the world have been vigorously developing. Especially in domestic, in recent years the installed capacity by at least 30% speed swift growth.
Given the current wind energy utilization efficiency need to be improved, especially in the domestic wind power generation technology with foreign countries, there is still a wide gap, so earnest and systematic study of wind power generation technology is necessary. However, most of the actual wind farm in the remote suburbs, it brings inconvenient to the majority of wind power researchers. Therefore, establishes an advanced wind power generation simulation system is a foundation for study the wind power under the laboratory environment. This article will use of an induction motor as prime mover instead of the wind machine, with the DSP as controllers, with the brushless doubly-fed generator constitutes a complete simulation system. It will detail the following aspects of the system design and build.
1. Make a detailed analysis of the basic theory of wind power and the working principle of wind turbine, and compared the differences and linkages of variable pitch wind turbine and fix pitch wind turbine. Study of wind turbine simulation theory and technology, and classified analysis the existing wind power simulation methods according to the difference of the system architecture, simulation features and the original motivation. Divide the work area of variable pitch wind turbine into the maximum power point tracking section, the constant-speed section and the constant-power section, according to its different operational characteristics in different wind speed circumstances. A detailed analysis of the performance characteristics of variable pitch wind turbines in each section, obtained its simulation method and simulation focus on different section. And through modeling and simulation verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
2. The asynchronous motor, as a prime mover of, its control strategy directly affects the performance of the whole system. So, this paper analyzes the basic structure and working principle of asynchronous motor, and studied the mathematical model of induction motors at different coordinate system. Classification analysis and comparison of the asynchronous motor control method from the perspective of energy recovery, and decided to use the direct torque control system as the prime mover of the control strategy. In order to direct torque control with a smaller torque ripple and better low-speed performance, the article using gray prediction theory and fuzzy control algorithm to optimize the conventional direct torque control. And through simulation results verify the feasibility and superiority of the theory in the wind turbine simulation systems.
3. Generator system control strategy for a direct impact on the entire system simulation results. The paper introducing the working principle and mathematical model of brushless doubly-fed machine, and summarizes a part of the research results on the the control strategy for brushless doubly-fed wind power generation system in our laboratory. It including the power decoupling control strategy based on synchronous coordinate, the power decoupling control strategy based on ADRC and the power decoupling control strategy based on MFC.
4. With a TI company's TMS320F2812 DSP and ABB converter as a prime mover controller, a DSP and a set of rectifier inverter device as the generator controller, using a DSP real-time monitoring and analysis the output of generator, and Integrated Monitor (PC or ARM) together constitute the control unit of wind power generation simulation system. Introduced the hardware design and software design of wind turbine simulation subsystem, wind speed acquisition subsystem, generator control subsystem, and generator condition monitoring subsystem and integrated monitoring subsystem in a modular way. Makes the whole system’s general architecture, hardware design to software design has realized.
5. To make wind power generation simulation system to become part of the solar-wind power generation system in laboratory, this article has done a detailed analysis on how to construct a comprehensive network monitoring system. Focuses on the system’s overall structure, data acquisition module, communication module and terminal module. Include the work principle of C2000-Plus serial converter, the realization method of serial communication program, the using methods of network socket and graphical interface controls(ZedGraph).
The wind power generation simulation platform has been implemented based on the above theory in our laboratory. Has done a VSCF wind power generation simulation experiment, and analyzed the experimental results. The results show that the feasibility and practicality of this simulation system.
引文
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