福尔摩斯走进中国—多元系统视角下的晚清侦探小说翻译
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摘要
晚清时期,小说地位冒升,外国小说被大量译介,其中翻译数量最多、影响最广的当属侦探小说。最具代表性的侦探小说是英国小说家柯南·道尔的福尔摩斯侦探故事。
本文从社会时局和背景着手,分析了晚清时小说地位的变化原因。为了开启民智、教化民众,以梁启超为代表的知识分子大力提倡和推广小说的教育功能,并极力推崇和译介域外小说。当时正风靡欧美的侦探小说理所当然地被翻译和传入中国。
侦探小说是一种新的小说类型,与中国传统的公案小说存在着许多的异同之处。它的许多特色,如各种悬念,巧妙的故事结构,新科技知识,再加上思维缜密、观察仔细、推理严谨的侦探,都对当时的中国读者具有强烈的吸引力。
分析了晚清小说地位的变化、福尔摩斯侦探小说的译介起因以及在中国的译介情况后,本文进一步从略译、扩译,虚构,归化,文言文应用、女性形象和版权等方面分析和评价晚清时以福尔摩斯为代表的侦探小说的译文文本特色。
对晚清时福尔摩斯侦探小说的译介论述以后,本文试图运用多元系统论的某些重要观点,把翻译的侦探小说置于中国的文学多元系统中,从动态的、历史的角度来分析和研究这一翻译热潮以及从翻译文学对本土文学、文化的影响来重新审视这一翻译文学的繁荣。
最后,本文认为,在晚清的中国文学系统中,翻译的侦探小说经历了一个从边缘靠近中心、从非经典化靠近经典化、从一级模式靠近二级模式的过程。当然,由于种种原因,这一过程非常得短暂。这一侦探小说翻译热潮的主要原因是当时中国的社会出现了危机和真空,已有的文学多元系统无法满足社会的需要。这一翻译热潮的出现顺应了时代的需要和民众迫切了解西方社会和文化的愿望。
In the late Qing Dynasty, the position of novel was greatly elevated and many foreign novels were translated and introduced into China. Among them, the most translated and influential ones were detective stories. The most typical detective stories were the ones of Sherlock Holmes written by Arthur Conan Doyle, a British physician and novelist.
This thesis first analyzes the causes of the elevation of the translation of foreign novels in the late Qing Dynasty. In order to enlighten and educate people, Liang Qichao and other pioneers advocated the educational functions of novels, especially foreign novels. It was natural for them to choose to translate and import detective stories, which were very fashionable in Europe and America then.
Detective stories were a new genre of novel then, which has many similarities and dissimilarities with traditional Chinese "case stories". Its unique features, such as suspenses, delicate structures and plots, new scientific knowledge, as well as detectives with deep perception, acute observation and precise deduction, appealed immensely to Chinese readers.
After that, the paper first analyzes the causes of translating detective stories, such as enlightening the people, learning from the west, remuneration and application of vernacular Chinese. Then, comments on some features of translated detective stories are made, which include omission, expansion, fabrication, domestication, classical Chinese, female images, copyrights and so on.
In the end, the thesis, in line with the polysystemic theory and putting the translated detective stories in the Chinese literary polysystem, attempts to analyze this translation boom from dynamic and historic views and review it from its influences on Chinese literature and culture.
It is concluded that in the late Qing Dynasty, translated detective stories have undergone, though for a very short period of time only, a process of moving from periphery to center, from non-canonized to canonized and from primary to secondary in Chinese literary system. The main reason lies in the fact that China was in a crisis and the existed literary polysystem couldn't shoulder the mission. In order to conform to the demands of social development and satisfy people's needs to learn from the west, there occurred this translation boom of detective stories.
本文从社会时局和背景着手,分析了晚清时小说地位的变化原因。为了开启民智、教化民众,以梁启超为代表的知识分子大力提倡和推广小说的教育功能,并极力推崇和译介域外小说。当时正风靡欧美的侦探小说理所当然地被翻译和传入中国。
侦探小说是一种新的小说类型,与中国传统的公案小说存在着许多的异同之处。它的许多特色,如各种悬念,巧妙的故事结构,新科技知识,再加上思维缜密、观察仔细、推理严谨的侦探,都对当时的中国读者具有强烈的吸引力。
分析了晚清小说地位的变化、福尔摩斯侦探小说的译介起因以及在中国的译介情况后,本文进一步从略译、扩译,虚构,归化,文言文应用、女性形象和版权等方面分析和评价晚清时以福尔摩斯为代表的侦探小说的译文文本特色。
对晚清时福尔摩斯侦探小说的译介论述以后,本文试图运用多元系统论的某些重要观点,把翻译的侦探小说置于中国的文学多元系统中,从动态的、历史的角度来分析和研究这一翻译热潮以及从翻译文学对本土文学、文化的影响来重新审视这一翻译文学的繁荣。
最后,本文认为,在晚清的中国文学系统中,翻译的侦探小说经历了一个从边缘靠近中心、从非经典化靠近经典化、从一级模式靠近二级模式的过程。当然,由于种种原因,这一过程非常得短暂。这一侦探小说翻译热潮的主要原因是当时中国的社会出现了危机和真空,已有的文学多元系统无法满足社会的需要。这一翻译热潮的出现顺应了时代的需要和民众迫切了解西方社会和文化的愿望。
In the late Qing Dynasty, the position of novel was greatly elevated and many foreign novels were translated and introduced into China. Among them, the most translated and influential ones were detective stories. The most typical detective stories were the ones of Sherlock Holmes written by Arthur Conan Doyle, a British physician and novelist.
This thesis first analyzes the causes of the elevation of the translation of foreign novels in the late Qing Dynasty. In order to enlighten and educate people, Liang Qichao and other pioneers advocated the educational functions of novels, especially foreign novels. It was natural for them to choose to translate and import detective stories, which were very fashionable in Europe and America then.
Detective stories were a new genre of novel then, which has many similarities and dissimilarities with traditional Chinese "case stories". Its unique features, such as suspenses, delicate structures and plots, new scientific knowledge, as well as detectives with deep perception, acute observation and precise deduction, appealed immensely to Chinese readers.
After that, the paper first analyzes the causes of translating detective stories, such as enlightening the people, learning from the west, remuneration and application of vernacular Chinese. Then, comments on some features of translated detective stories are made, which include omission, expansion, fabrication, domestication, classical Chinese, female images, copyrights and so on.
In the end, the thesis, in line with the polysystemic theory and putting the translated detective stories in the Chinese literary polysystem, attempts to analyze this translation boom from dynamic and historic views and review it from its influences on Chinese literature and culture.
It is concluded that in the late Qing Dynasty, translated detective stories have undergone, though for a very short period of time only, a process of moving from periphery to center, from non-canonized to canonized and from primary to secondary in Chinese literary system. The main reason lies in the fact that China was in a crisis and the existed literary polysystem couldn't shoulder the mission. In order to conform to the demands of social development and satisfy people's needs to learn from the west, there occurred this translation boom of detective stories.
引文
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Chen,Guoen,and Zuo Min.[陈国恩,左敏],小说稿费制与清末民初文学变革.西南师范人学学报(人文社会科学版),2003,(5):127-131
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Chen,Yugang.[陈玉刚],中国翻译文学史稿.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1989
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Doyle,A.Conan.[阿·柯南道尔],福尔摩斯探案全集.北京:群众出版社2000
Doyle,Arthur Conan.Sherlock Holmes Selected Stories.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching &Research Press 1995
Even-Zohar,Itamar."Polysystem Studies." Poetics Today,1990,(1):1-215
Gentzler,Edwin.Contemporary Translation Theories.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2005
Guo,Ping.[郭萍],从多元系统论角度看五四前后的外国文学翻译.武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(2):60-68
Guo,Yanli.[郭延礼],中国近代翻译文学概论.武汉:湖北教育出版社,2005
Guo,Zhengfan.[郭征帆],中国“公案小说”与西方“侦探小说”之比较.六盘水师范高等专科学校学报,2004,(4):22-24
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Hermans,Theo.Translation in Systems.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004.
Hu,Cuie.[胡翠娥],文学翻译与文化参与.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2007
Huang,Zhongxi.[黄中习],“多系统论”评析.保山师专学报,2005,(1):72-74
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