移动Ad Hoc网络按需认知路由关键技术的研究
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摘要
认知网络是未来网络发展的一个重要方向,认知网络中的部分节点具有学习和推理能力,通过感知和预测网络的环境参数,实现动态决策与网元设备重构,达到适应网络环境、优化端到端性能的目标。本文主要研究移动Ad Hoc网络中的认知路由技术。
首先,本文研究了认知网络的概念、特点以及认知路由的框架和关键问题,阐述了现有移动Ad Hoc网络的路由技术,包括路由协议的分类,路由协议的性能,以及判定一个路由协议性能优劣的标准:路由的定性标准和定量标准。然后分析了移动Ad Hoc网络中的多径路由,并讨论了多径路由相对于单径路由的差异,包括路由发现、路由维护和传输分配。
本文基于DSR源路由协议提出了一种应用于分布式认知无线电网络中的改进型路由协议:容量感知路由协议。在这个协议里引入了一种全新的路由选择策略,主要考虑了两个因素:链路原始容量和认知节点受到干扰时造成的容量损失,新的路由选择策略主要用于在目的节点获取链路最大端到端可用容量。仿真结果显示新协议与DSR协议相比较,具有更大的端到端吞吐量和更短的平均传输完成时间。
同时,本文基于AOMDV按需多径距离矢量路由协议在移动Ad Hoc网络上提出了一种改进型路由协议:多径抗干扰路由协议,并对协议中的每个步骤进行了详细的介绍,包括路由发现、路由选择及规划、路由维护与管理。然后根据提出的多径抗干扰路由协议,在OPNET仿真平台上搭建了具有40个节点的网络仿真模型,并做了性能仿真。从仿真实验的统计结果可以看出,新的多径抗干扰路由协议具有稳定,延时小,传输速度快,路由寿命长且不易中断的特点。
Cognitive network is an important direction of future network development, part of the network nodes have ability of learning and reasoning which can dynamic make decision and reconstruct the network elements by apperceiving and predicting environmental parameters, to adapt to the network environment and optimize end to end performance. This paper mainly focused on the cognitive routing technology on Ad-Hoc network.
Firstly, paper introduces the concept, network design, routing framework and key issues of cognitive network, then presents the routing problems of existing mobile Ad Hoc network, including classification and performance of routing protocols, and the standard of determining quality of a routing protocol: qualitative and quantitative criteria of a routing. Paper also introduces multi-path routing, especially the disjoint which is the biggest difference of multi-path routing and single routing. After that, paper introduces the composition of multi-path routing, including route discovery, route maintenance and transmission distribution.
Paper presents a new routing protocol based on DSR source routing protocol on distributed cognitive radio network platform in chapter three, which called capacity aware routing protocol. In this protocol, we introduced a new routing select strategy, which mainly considered two factors: original capacity of the link, and capacity loss of the link which caused by interference. New routing select strategy can achieve the biggest available capacity of the link in destination node. The simulation results show the link selected by new strategy has greater throughput and shorter end-to-end transmission complete time compared with DSR protocol.
At the same time, paper proposed a new anti-interference multi-path routing protocol based on AOMDV on-demand multi-path distance vector protocol on mobile Ad Hoc network in the fourth chapter, and introduced each step of the protocol in detail, including route discovery, route selecting and planning, routing maintenance and management. Then according to the proposed routing protocol, we built a network model with forty nodes on the simulation platform OPNET. Then we introduced a scenario with 40 nodes and parameters of the scene. In the analysis of simulation result, we collected 10 statistics including routing and network, reflected the performance of new protocol in many ways. As we can seen from the results, new anti-interference multi-path routing protocol have many features including stable, small latency, transmission speed, long routing life and difficult to interrupt.
首先,本文研究了认知网络的概念、特点以及认知路由的框架和关键问题,阐述了现有移动Ad Hoc网络的路由技术,包括路由协议的分类,路由协议的性能,以及判定一个路由协议性能优劣的标准:路由的定性标准和定量标准。然后分析了移动Ad Hoc网络中的多径路由,并讨论了多径路由相对于单径路由的差异,包括路由发现、路由维护和传输分配。
本文基于DSR源路由协议提出了一种应用于分布式认知无线电网络中的改进型路由协议:容量感知路由协议。在这个协议里引入了一种全新的路由选择策略,主要考虑了两个因素:链路原始容量和认知节点受到干扰时造成的容量损失,新的路由选择策略主要用于在目的节点获取链路最大端到端可用容量。仿真结果显示新协议与DSR协议相比较,具有更大的端到端吞吐量和更短的平均传输完成时间。
同时,本文基于AOMDV按需多径距离矢量路由协议在移动Ad Hoc网络上提出了一种改进型路由协议:多径抗干扰路由协议,并对协议中的每个步骤进行了详细的介绍,包括路由发现、路由选择及规划、路由维护与管理。然后根据提出的多径抗干扰路由协议,在OPNET仿真平台上搭建了具有40个节点的网络仿真模型,并做了性能仿真。从仿真实验的统计结果可以看出,新的多径抗干扰路由协议具有稳定,延时小,传输速度快,路由寿命长且不易中断的特点。
Cognitive network is an important direction of future network development, part of the network nodes have ability of learning and reasoning which can dynamic make decision and reconstruct the network elements by apperceiving and predicting environmental parameters, to adapt to the network environment and optimize end to end performance. This paper mainly focused on the cognitive routing technology on Ad-Hoc network.
Firstly, paper introduces the concept, network design, routing framework and key issues of cognitive network, then presents the routing problems of existing mobile Ad Hoc network, including classification and performance of routing protocols, and the standard of determining quality of a routing protocol: qualitative and quantitative criteria of a routing. Paper also introduces multi-path routing, especially the disjoint which is the biggest difference of multi-path routing and single routing. After that, paper introduces the composition of multi-path routing, including route discovery, route maintenance and transmission distribution.
Paper presents a new routing protocol based on DSR source routing protocol on distributed cognitive radio network platform in chapter three, which called capacity aware routing protocol. In this protocol, we introduced a new routing select strategy, which mainly considered two factors: original capacity of the link, and capacity loss of the link which caused by interference. New routing select strategy can achieve the biggest available capacity of the link in destination node. The simulation results show the link selected by new strategy has greater throughput and shorter end-to-end transmission complete time compared with DSR protocol.
At the same time, paper proposed a new anti-interference multi-path routing protocol based on AOMDV on-demand multi-path distance vector protocol on mobile Ad Hoc network in the fourth chapter, and introduced each step of the protocol in detail, including route discovery, route selecting and planning, routing maintenance and management. Then according to the proposed routing protocol, we built a network model with forty nodes on the simulation platform OPNET. Then we introduced a scenario with 40 nodes and parameters of the scene. In the analysis of simulation result, we collected 10 statistics including routing and network, reflected the performance of new protocol in many ways. As we can seen from the results, new anti-interference multi-path routing protocol have many features including stable, small latency, transmission speed, long routing life and difficult to interrupt.
引文
[1] R. W. Thomas, L. A. DaSilva, and A. B. Mackenzie, Cognitive Networks [J], Proc. IEEE SPAN 2005, Nov.2005.
[2] R. W. Thomas, D. H. Friend,L.A.DaSilva, A.B. Mackenzie, cognitive networks: Adaption and learning to Achieve End-to-End Performance Objectives [J], IEEE Communications Magazine, pp.356-360, Dec,2006
[3]周小飞,张宏纲.认知无线电原理及应用[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社.2007
[4] J. MitolaⅢ. Cognitive Radio: An Integrated Agent Architecture for Software Defined Radio [J]. Ph.D. Dissertation, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2000.
[5] A. Nasipuri and S. R. Das. On-Demand Multipath Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Proceeding of the 8th Int. Conf. On Computer Communications and Networks(IC3N), Boston, October 1999
[6]李红艳,李建东,周丹.认知网络路由技术,西安电子科技大学综合业务网理论及关键技术国家重点实验室,陕西,西安,710071,第16卷第1期, 2010年2月.
[7] M. R. Pearlman, Z. J. Hass, P. Sholander, and S. S. Tabrizi. On the Impact of Alternate Path Routing for Load Balancing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks [J]. Proceeding of IEEE/ACM MobiHOC 2000, Boston, Aug. 2000
[8] S. Bahk and M. E. Zarki. Dynamic Multi-path Routing and How it Compares with other Dynamic Routing Algorithms for High Speed Wide Area Networks. Proceeding of the ACM SIGCOMM, pp. 53-64, 1992
[9]陈林星,曾曦,曹毅.移动Ad Hoc网络—自组织分组无线网络技术[M],北京,电子工业出版社, pp.20-22,342-357,2006,4.
[10] I. Cidon, R. Rom, and Y. Shavitt. Analysis of Multipath Routing [J]. IEEE Transaction on Networking, 7(6): 885-896, 1999
[11] S. J. Lee and M. Gerla. Split Multipath Routing with Maximally Disjoint Path in Ad Hoc Networks. Proceedings of the IEEE ICC, pp. 3201-3205,2001
[12] S. Murthy and J. J. Garcai-Luna-Aceves. Congestion-Oriented Shortest Multipath Routing. Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 1028-1036, 1999
[13] A. Nasipuri, R. Castaneda, and S. R. Das. Performance of Multipath Routing for On-demand Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. ACM/Kluwer Mobile Networks and Applications(MONET), 6(4): 339-349, 2001
[14] R. Ogier, V. Rutenburg, and N. Shacham. Distributed Algorithms for Computing Shortest Paris of Disjoint Paths. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 39(2):443-455.1993
[15] Yiming Liu, David Grace. Cognitive Routing Metrics with Adaptive Weight for Heterogeneous Ad Hoc Networks [C]. Communications Research Group, Department of Electronics University of York, York, United Kingdom.IEEE,2009.
[16] Chunjing Hu, Guang Lei, Rongrong Qian. Observing Correlation Aware (OCA) Routing Metric in Cognitive Radio Networks [C]. Wireless Signal Processing and Network Lab Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication. IEEE.2010.
[17] Li Yun, Qin Fengxie, Liu Zhanjun, Zhuang Hongcheng. Cognitive Radio Routing Algorithm Based on the Smallest Transmission Delay [C]. Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Huawei Technology Co. Ltd. IEEE.2010.
[18] Suyang Ju and Joseph B. Evans. Cognitive Multipath Multi-Channel Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks [J]. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA, IEEE 2010
[19] P. Gupta and P. R. Kumar, "The Capacity of Wireless Networks," IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. 46, pp. 388-404, Mar. 2000.
[20] FCC. Spectrum policy task force report,2002-11.
[21] Tuggle, R.E. Cognitive Multipath Routing for Mission Critical Multi-hop Wireless Networks [J]. People-Tec, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA.
[22] http://www.ieee802.org/22/
[23] Lei Ding,Nagaraju, P.B. Melodia, T. Batalama, S.N. Pados, D.A. Matyjas, J.D.A Reliable and Adaptive AODV Protocol Based on Cognitive Routing for Ad hoc Networks [J],Sch. of Comput,Beijing Univ. of Posts & Telecommun,Beijing,China.
[24] L. Gong, S. F. Deng, W. B. Tang and et al. Anti-intermittence source routing in distributed cognitive radio network [C]. In: The 4th IEEE international conference on wireless communications, networking and mobile computing (WiCOM’08), 2008, pp: 1-6.
[25] Bing Xia; Wahab, M.H.; Yang Yang; Zhong Fan; Sooriyabandara, M. Reinforcement Learning Based Spectrum-aware Routing in Multi-hop Cognitive Radio Networks. Dept. of Electron. & Electr. Eng., Univ. Coll. London, London, UK
[26] R. W. Thomas, D. H. Friend, L. A. DaSilva, and A. B. MacKenzie, Cognitive Networks Adaptation and Learning to Achieve End-to-End Performance Objectives. In IEEE Communication. Mag., vol. 44, Dec. 2006, pp. 51-57.
[27] IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee 802.22. WG. [Online]. Available: http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/22/.
[28] ZHENG Zhong,TANG Wei. Cognitive Routing Metric with Improving Capacity(CRM-IC)for Heterogeneous Ad Hoc Network [C].The 2010 International Conference on Information, Networking and Automation(ICINA 2010),Kunming, China
[29]陈敏,OPNET网络仿真[M],北京,清华大学出版社, pp.1-10,2004,4.
[30] E. M. Royer, and C. K. Toh, A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks. In Proc. IEEE Personal Communications, pp. 46--55 (1999).
[31] Richard E. Tuggle, Cognitive Multipath Routing for Mission Critical Multi-hop Wireless Networks [J]. University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA, March 7-9, 2010.
[32] R. Dube, C. Rais, K. Wang, and S. Tripathi. Signal Stability Based Adaptive Routing (SSA) for Ad-Hoc Mobile Networks [J]. IEEE Personal Communications, Feb. 1997, pp. 36-45.
[33] W. F. Wang and P. H. Shih. Study on an Enhanced Link-Stability based Routing Scheme for Mobile Ad hoc Networks [C]. Third Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON), Sep. 2006, vol. 3, pp. 797 - 802.
[34] Leung, R., Liu, J., Poon, E., Chan, A.-L. C., Li, B. MP-DSR: A QoS-aware Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. Proceedings of the 26th IEEE Annual Conference on Local Computer Networks(2001)132-141.
[35] Wei Tang, Wei Guo. A Path Reliable Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. The 4th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks [J]. 978-0-7695-3457-2/08, 2008 IEEE.
[36]唐伟,郭伟,无线自组网中基于条件概率模型的路径稳定路由协议[J],计算机应用.电子科技大学,通信抗干扰国家级重点实验室,四川,成都.
[37] Allard, J.; Gonin, P.; Singh, M.; Richard, G.G., III. A User Level Framework for Ad Hoc Routing [J]. Dept. of Comput. Sci., New Orleans Univ., LA, USA.
[38] Bong Chan Kim; Jae Young Lee; Hwang Soo Lee; Joong Soo Ma. An Ad-Hoc Routing Protocol with Minimum Contention Time and Load Balancing [C]. Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., South Korea.
[2] R. W. Thomas, D. H. Friend,L.A.DaSilva, A.B. Mackenzie, cognitive networks: Adaption and learning to Achieve End-to-End Performance Objectives [J], IEEE Communications Magazine, pp.356-360, Dec,2006
[3]周小飞,张宏纲.认知无线电原理及应用[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社.2007
[4] J. MitolaⅢ. Cognitive Radio: An Integrated Agent Architecture for Software Defined Radio [J]. Ph.D. Dissertation, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2000.
[5] A. Nasipuri and S. R. Das. On-Demand Multipath Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Proceeding of the 8th Int. Conf. On Computer Communications and Networks(IC3N), Boston, October 1999
[6]李红艳,李建东,周丹.认知网络路由技术,西安电子科技大学综合业务网理论及关键技术国家重点实验室,陕西,西安,710071,第16卷第1期, 2010年2月.
[7] M. R. Pearlman, Z. J. Hass, P. Sholander, and S. S. Tabrizi. On the Impact of Alternate Path Routing for Load Balancing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks [J]. Proceeding of IEEE/ACM MobiHOC 2000, Boston, Aug. 2000
[8] S. Bahk and M. E. Zarki. Dynamic Multi-path Routing and How it Compares with other Dynamic Routing Algorithms for High Speed Wide Area Networks. Proceeding of the ACM SIGCOMM, pp. 53-64, 1992
[9]陈林星,曾曦,曹毅.移动Ad Hoc网络—自组织分组无线网络技术[M],北京,电子工业出版社, pp.20-22,342-357,2006,4.
[10] I. Cidon, R. Rom, and Y. Shavitt. Analysis of Multipath Routing [J]. IEEE Transaction on Networking, 7(6): 885-896, 1999
[11] S. J. Lee and M. Gerla. Split Multipath Routing with Maximally Disjoint Path in Ad Hoc Networks. Proceedings of the IEEE ICC, pp. 3201-3205,2001
[12] S. Murthy and J. J. Garcai-Luna-Aceves. Congestion-Oriented Shortest Multipath Routing. Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 1028-1036, 1999
[13] A. Nasipuri, R. Castaneda, and S. R. Das. Performance of Multipath Routing for On-demand Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. ACM/Kluwer Mobile Networks and Applications(MONET), 6(4): 339-349, 2001
[14] R. Ogier, V. Rutenburg, and N. Shacham. Distributed Algorithms for Computing Shortest Paris of Disjoint Paths. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 39(2):443-455.1993
[15] Yiming Liu, David Grace. Cognitive Routing Metrics with Adaptive Weight for Heterogeneous Ad Hoc Networks [C]. Communications Research Group, Department of Electronics University of York, York, United Kingdom.IEEE,2009.
[16] Chunjing Hu, Guang Lei, Rongrong Qian. Observing Correlation Aware (OCA) Routing Metric in Cognitive Radio Networks [C]. Wireless Signal Processing and Network Lab Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication. IEEE.2010.
[17] Li Yun, Qin Fengxie, Liu Zhanjun, Zhuang Hongcheng. Cognitive Radio Routing Algorithm Based on the Smallest Transmission Delay [C]. Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Huawei Technology Co. Ltd. IEEE.2010.
[18] Suyang Ju and Joseph B. Evans. Cognitive Multipath Multi-Channel Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks [J]. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA, IEEE 2010
[19] P. Gupta and P. R. Kumar, "The Capacity of Wireless Networks," IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. 46, pp. 388-404, Mar. 2000.
[20] FCC. Spectrum policy task force report,2002-11.
[21] Tuggle, R.E. Cognitive Multipath Routing for Mission Critical Multi-hop Wireless Networks [J]. People-Tec, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA.
[22] http://www.ieee802.org/22/
[23] Lei Ding,Nagaraju, P.B. Melodia, T. Batalama, S.N. Pados, D.A. Matyjas, J.D.A Reliable and Adaptive AODV Protocol Based on Cognitive Routing for Ad hoc Networks [J],Sch. of Comput,Beijing Univ. of Posts & Telecommun,Beijing,China.
[24] L. Gong, S. F. Deng, W. B. Tang and et al. Anti-intermittence source routing in distributed cognitive radio network [C]. In: The 4th IEEE international conference on wireless communications, networking and mobile computing (WiCOM’08), 2008, pp: 1-6.
[25] Bing Xia; Wahab, M.H.; Yang Yang; Zhong Fan; Sooriyabandara, M. Reinforcement Learning Based Spectrum-aware Routing in Multi-hop Cognitive Radio Networks. Dept. of Electron. & Electr. Eng., Univ. Coll. London, London, UK
[26] R. W. Thomas, D. H. Friend, L. A. DaSilva, and A. B. MacKenzie, Cognitive Networks Adaptation and Learning to Achieve End-to-End Performance Objectives. In IEEE Communication. Mag., vol. 44, Dec. 2006, pp. 51-57.
[27] IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee 802.22. WG. [Online]. Available: http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/22/.
[28] ZHENG Zhong,TANG Wei. Cognitive Routing Metric with Improving Capacity(CRM-IC)for Heterogeneous Ad Hoc Network [C].The 2010 International Conference on Information, Networking and Automation(ICINA 2010),Kunming, China
[29]陈敏,OPNET网络仿真[M],北京,清华大学出版社, pp.1-10,2004,4.
[30] E. M. Royer, and C. K. Toh, A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks. In Proc. IEEE Personal Communications, pp. 46--55 (1999).
[31] Richard E. Tuggle, Cognitive Multipath Routing for Mission Critical Multi-hop Wireless Networks [J]. University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA, March 7-9, 2010.
[32] R. Dube, C. Rais, K. Wang, and S. Tripathi. Signal Stability Based Adaptive Routing (SSA) for Ad-Hoc Mobile Networks [J]. IEEE Personal Communications, Feb. 1997, pp. 36-45.
[33] W. F. Wang and P. H. Shih. Study on an Enhanced Link-Stability based Routing Scheme for Mobile Ad hoc Networks [C]. Third Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON), Sep. 2006, vol. 3, pp. 797 - 802.
[34] Leung, R., Liu, J., Poon, E., Chan, A.-L. C., Li, B. MP-DSR: A QoS-aware Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. Proceedings of the 26th IEEE Annual Conference on Local Computer Networks(2001)132-141.
[35] Wei Tang, Wei Guo. A Path Reliable Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. The 4th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks [J]. 978-0-7695-3457-2/08, 2008 IEEE.
[36]唐伟,郭伟,无线自组网中基于条件概率模型的路径稳定路由协议[J],计算机应用.电子科技大学,通信抗干扰国家级重点实验室,四川,成都.
[37] Allard, J.; Gonin, P.; Singh, M.; Richard, G.G., III. A User Level Framework for Ad Hoc Routing [J]. Dept. of Comput. Sci., New Orleans Univ., LA, USA.
[38] Bong Chan Kim; Jae Young Lee; Hwang Soo Lee; Joong Soo Ma. An Ad-Hoc Routing Protocol with Minimum Contention Time and Load Balancing [C]. Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., South Korea.