多拓扑路由的设计实现与应用研究
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摘要
多拓扑路由技术最大的特点是能够将不同的流量分开,使不同的流量在不同的拓扑中,根据本拓扑的网络结构,独立进行选路与转发。所以每一个多拓扑都独立维护一张基于本拓扑结构的路由表与转发表,以指导本拓扑中的数据包进行路由与转发。
本文致力于设计并实现多拓扑路由的功能,并在此基础上研究多拓扑路由技术在节约网络资源方面的应用。首先,在实验系统平台上,设计多拓扑路由的各功能模块,进行功能模块的划分,设计相关操作的处理流程等,包括多拓扑路由相关命令行的解析与下发,多拓扑静态路由的添加、修改和删除等。通过本文的设计与相关处理,实现了多拓扑路由功能,并进行了相应的测试与验证。
接着,研究多拓扑路由技术在节约网络资源方面的应用。主要思想是将网络的最小生成树作为一个子拓扑,来传输整个网络的流量,从而使流量集中,关闭掉不用传输流量的链路,达到节省资源的目的。但是在集中流量的过程中,又可能使某个链路的负载过重,引起网络拥塞,这时可以采用多拓扑来传输流量,做到既分担了负载,使不至于引起网络拥塞,又关掉了较多的链路,起到节能的作用。经过本文的研究得到以下结论：(1)在本文的多拓扑节能算法中,多拓扑数越少,流量越集中,关掉的链路数越多；多拓扑数越多,流量越均衡,关掉的链路数越少；(2)对比最短路径树算法,本文中提出的多拓扑节能算法能关掉更多的链路,起到更好的节能作用。
The largest feature of multiple-topology routing (MTR) is the ability to separate different traffic, so that different traffic can be routed independently in different topologies, according to the network structure of the specified topology. Therefore, each multiple-topology (MT) maintains its own RIB and FIB independently, in order to guide the packets which are routing in the topology.
This paper aims to design and implement MTR functions, and on the basis of that, to study the application of saving network resources with MTR. First, based on the experimental system platform, we designed MTR function modules and did the division of functional modules, designed the processing of related operations, including the parsing and issuing of MTR command line, the addition, modification and deletion of multiple-topology static routes and other related operations. Through the design and related processing in the paper, we finally realized the MTR function, and we did the functional test.
Then, we studied the application of saving network resources with MTR. The main idea is as follows:By using the base network's minimum spanning tree (MST) as a MT to transfer the entire network traffic, the traffic can be concentrated and the links without the transmission of traffic can be closed off, thus saving resources. But in the process of concentrating traffic, it may lead to overloading of the link, then causing network congestion, so we can use several MTs to transmit traffic, not only to share the load and avoid network congestion, but also to close off many Links and save network resources. Through the research, we conclude as follows:(1) In this MT saving algorithm, the less the number of MT, the more concentrated traffic, the more links to be closed off; the more the number of MT, the more balanced traffic, the fewer links to be closed off. (2) Comparing with the shortest path tree algorithm, the MT energy-saving algorithm presented in this paper can turn off more links and play a better role in energy-saving.
本文致力于设计并实现多拓扑路由的功能,并在此基础上研究多拓扑路由技术在节约网络资源方面的应用。首先,在实验系统平台上,设计多拓扑路由的各功能模块,进行功能模块的划分,设计相关操作的处理流程等,包括多拓扑路由相关命令行的解析与下发,多拓扑静态路由的添加、修改和删除等。通过本文的设计与相关处理,实现了多拓扑路由功能,并进行了相应的测试与验证。
接着,研究多拓扑路由技术在节约网络资源方面的应用。主要思想是将网络的最小生成树作为一个子拓扑,来传输整个网络的流量,从而使流量集中,关闭掉不用传输流量的链路,达到节省资源的目的。但是在集中流量的过程中,又可能使某个链路的负载过重,引起网络拥塞,这时可以采用多拓扑来传输流量,做到既分担了负载,使不至于引起网络拥塞,又关掉了较多的链路,起到节能的作用。经过本文的研究得到以下结论：(1)在本文的多拓扑节能算法中,多拓扑数越少,流量越集中,关掉的链路数越多；多拓扑数越多,流量越均衡,关掉的链路数越少；(2)对比最短路径树算法,本文中提出的多拓扑节能算法能关掉更多的链路,起到更好的节能作用。
The largest feature of multiple-topology routing (MTR) is the ability to separate different traffic, so that different traffic can be routed independently in different topologies, according to the network structure of the specified topology. Therefore, each multiple-topology (MT) maintains its own RIB and FIB independently, in order to guide the packets which are routing in the topology.
This paper aims to design and implement MTR functions, and on the basis of that, to study the application of saving network resources with MTR. First, based on the experimental system platform, we designed MTR function modules and did the division of functional modules, designed the processing of related operations, including the parsing and issuing of MTR command line, the addition, modification and deletion of multiple-topology static routes and other related operations. Through the design and related processing in the paper, we finally realized the MTR function, and we did the functional test.
Then, we studied the application of saving network resources with MTR. The main idea is as follows:By using the base network's minimum spanning tree (MST) as a MT to transfer the entire network traffic, the traffic can be concentrated and the links without the transmission of traffic can be closed off, thus saving resources. But in the process of concentrating traffic, it may lead to overloading of the link, then causing network congestion, so we can use several MTs to transmit traffic, not only to share the load and avoid network congestion, but also to close off many Links and save network resources. Through the research, we conclude as follows:(1) In this MT saving algorithm, the less the number of MT, the more concentrated traffic, the more links to be closed off; the more the number of MT, the more balanced traffic, the fewer links to be closed off. (2) Comparing with the shortest path tree algorithm, the MT energy-saving algorithm presented in this paper can turn off more links and play a better role in energy-saving.
引文
[1]蒋星. Introduction to multi-topology routing (MTR). Cisco Networkers,2006
[2]Ma shaowen. Multi-Topology Routing. SESSION RST-4313, Networks 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.,2004
[3]San Jose. Multi-Topology Routing. Cisco Systems, Inc.,2007
[4]张立忠,张蓓.Comware V500R002 ISIS支持MTR特性开发项目软件需求说明书.H3C,2009
[5]Truman Boyes. Multi-Topology Routing. Juniper networks,2008
[6]Multi-topology and multi-service routing system. Patent Application Publication, United States, 2008
[7]Michael Menth, Ruediger Martin. Network Resilience through Multi-Topology Routing. Proc. of the "Design of Reliable Communication Networks" (DRNC) Workshop, Island of Ischia, Italy, October 2005-page 1
[8]Matthias C. Scheffel, Claus G. Gruber, Thomas Schwabe*, Robert G. Prinz. Optimal multi-topology routing for IP resilience. Technische University Munchen, Institute of Communication Networks,80290 Munich, Germany,2005
[9]Ljiljana Adamovic, Karol Kowalik, Martin Collier. Traffic Control in IP Networks with Multiple Topology Routing. P. Lorenz and P. Dini (Eds.):ICN 2005, LNCS 3421, pp.335-342,2005
[10]Kin-Wah (Eric) Kwong, Roch A. Guerin, Anees Shaikh, Shu Tao. Improving Service Differentiation in IP Networks through Dual Topology Routing. ACM CoNEXT 2007 Conference,12 pages. December 2007
[11]ISIS MT技术白皮书.华为技术有限公司,2007
[12]Amund Kvalbein, Audun Fosselie Hansen, TarikCi'cic, Stein Gjessing, Olav Lysne. Fast IP Network Recovery using Multiple Routing Configurations. Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
[13]Kin-Wah Kwong, Lixin Gao, Roch Guerin, Zhi-Li Zhang. On the Feasibility and Efficacy of Protection Routing in IP Networks. INFCOMM,2010
[14]Ning Wang, Kin-Hon Ho, George Pavlou. Adaptive Multi-topology IGP Based Traffic Engineering with Near-Optimal Network Performance. IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2008, LNCS 4982, pp.654-666,2008
[15]RFC 4915-Multi-Topology (MT) Routing in OSPF
[16]RFC 5120-Multi-Topology (MT) Routing in Intermediate System to Intermediate Systems (IS-ISs)
[17]贾冰,王晟.应用于IP网络故障恢复的多拓扑生成算法研究.四川,电子科技大学,2010
[18]Amund Kvalbein, Audun Fosselie Hansen, Tarik ciciC, Stein Gjessing, Olav Lysne. Fast recovery from link failures using Resilient Routing Layers.in ISCC, Pages554-560. Cartagena, Spain. Jun 27-30,2005
[19]Amund Kvalbein, Olav Lysne. How can Multi-Topology Routing be used for Intradomain Traffic Engineering. Kyoto, Japan. INM'07, August 27-31,2007
[20]Antonio Cianfrani, Vincenzo Eramo, Marco Listanti, Marco Marazza, Enrico Vittorini. An Energy Saving Routing Algorithm for a Green OSPF Protocol. INFOCOM Department, University of Roma, Roma, Italy,2010
[21]Matthew Andrews, Antonio Fernandez Anta, Lisa Zhang, Wenbo Zhao. Routing and Scheduling for Energy and Delay Minimization in the Powerdown Model. INFOCOM,2010
[22]V5路由管理技术总结.华三通信技术有限公司,2005
[23]路由组件维护.华三通信技术有限公司,2005
[24]谢希仁.计算机网络(第五版).电子工业出版社,2008
[25]张宏科,苏伟.路由器原理与技术.国防工业出版社,2005
[26]静态路由技术介绍http://www.h3c.com.cn/Products__Technology/Technology/Router
[27]Cisco IOS Multi-Topology Routing Command Reference. November,2009
[28]IP Qos DSCP和TOS分类.ChinaUnix博客,2009
[29]美.史蒂文斯.TCP/IP详解：卷二.机械工业出版社,2002
[30]王树禾.图论.科学出版社,北京,2004
[31]郑聃崴,陈国鹏.最小生成树(MST)问题及其扩展.北京大学信息学院,2009
[32]RT-SR6602-AC-H3华三H3C路由器. http://www.sasdigg.cn/Products/2009-7-29/7195.html
[33]张立忠,张蓓.Comware V500R002 ISIS支持MTR特性开发项目系统测试计划书.H3C,2009
[2]Ma shaowen. Multi-Topology Routing. SESSION RST-4313, Networks 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.,2004
[3]San Jose. Multi-Topology Routing. Cisco Systems, Inc.,2007
[4]张立忠,张蓓.Comware V500R002 ISIS支持MTR特性开发项目软件需求说明书.H3C,2009
[5]Truman Boyes. Multi-Topology Routing. Juniper networks,2008
[6]Multi-topology and multi-service routing system. Patent Application Publication, United States, 2008
[7]Michael Menth, Ruediger Martin. Network Resilience through Multi-Topology Routing. Proc. of the "Design of Reliable Communication Networks" (DRNC) Workshop, Island of Ischia, Italy, October 2005-page 1
[8]Matthias C. Scheffel, Claus G. Gruber, Thomas Schwabe*, Robert G. Prinz. Optimal multi-topology routing for IP resilience. Technische University Munchen, Institute of Communication Networks,80290 Munich, Germany,2005
[9]Ljiljana Adamovic, Karol Kowalik, Martin Collier. Traffic Control in IP Networks with Multiple Topology Routing. P. Lorenz and P. Dini (Eds.):ICN 2005, LNCS 3421, pp.335-342,2005
[10]Kin-Wah (Eric) Kwong, Roch A. Guerin, Anees Shaikh, Shu Tao. Improving Service Differentiation in IP Networks through Dual Topology Routing. ACM CoNEXT 2007 Conference,12 pages. December 2007
[11]ISIS MT技术白皮书.华为技术有限公司,2007
[12]Amund Kvalbein, Audun Fosselie Hansen, TarikCi'cic, Stein Gjessing, Olav Lysne. Fast IP Network Recovery using Multiple Routing Configurations. Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
[13]Kin-Wah Kwong, Lixin Gao, Roch Guerin, Zhi-Li Zhang. On the Feasibility and Efficacy of Protection Routing in IP Networks. INFCOMM,2010
[14]Ning Wang, Kin-Hon Ho, George Pavlou. Adaptive Multi-topology IGP Based Traffic Engineering with Near-Optimal Network Performance. IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2008, LNCS 4982, pp.654-666,2008
[15]RFC 4915-Multi-Topology (MT) Routing in OSPF
[16]RFC 5120-Multi-Topology (MT) Routing in Intermediate System to Intermediate Systems (IS-ISs)
[17]贾冰,王晟.应用于IP网络故障恢复的多拓扑生成算法研究.四川,电子科技大学,2010
[18]Amund Kvalbein, Audun Fosselie Hansen, Tarik ciciC, Stein Gjessing, Olav Lysne. Fast recovery from link failures using Resilient Routing Layers.in ISCC, Pages554-560. Cartagena, Spain. Jun 27-30,2005
[19]Amund Kvalbein, Olav Lysne. How can Multi-Topology Routing be used for Intradomain Traffic Engineering. Kyoto, Japan. INM'07, August 27-31,2007
[20]Antonio Cianfrani, Vincenzo Eramo, Marco Listanti, Marco Marazza, Enrico Vittorini. An Energy Saving Routing Algorithm for a Green OSPF Protocol. INFOCOM Department, University of Roma, Roma, Italy,2010
[21]Matthew Andrews, Antonio Fernandez Anta, Lisa Zhang, Wenbo Zhao. Routing and Scheduling for Energy and Delay Minimization in the Powerdown Model. INFOCOM,2010
[22]V5路由管理技术总结.华三通信技术有限公司,2005
[23]路由组件维护.华三通信技术有限公司,2005
[24]谢希仁.计算机网络(第五版).电子工业出版社,2008
[25]张宏科,苏伟.路由器原理与技术.国防工业出版社,2005
[26]静态路由技术介绍http://www.h3c.com.cn/Products__Technology/Technology/Router
[27]Cisco IOS Multi-Topology Routing Command Reference. November,2009
[28]IP Qos DSCP和TOS分类.ChinaUnix博客,2009
[29]美.史蒂文斯.TCP/IP详解：卷二.机械工业出版社,2002
[30]王树禾.图论.科学出版社,北京,2004
[31]郑聃崴,陈国鹏.最小生成树(MST)问题及其扩展.北京大学信息学院,2009
[32]RT-SR6602-AC-H3华三H3C路由器. http://www.sasdigg.cn/Products/2009-7-29/7195.html
[33]张立忠,张蓓.Comware V500R002 ISIS支持MTR特性开发项目系统测试计划书.H3C,2009