一种基于LVS的数字版权运营平台体系结构研究与实现
|
摘要
随着近年来网络速度的提升和各种计算终端的普及,数字内容产业所蕴含的巨大商机不断被发掘。作为其中最关键的技术——数字版权管理(DRM),其决定着数字内容服务所能为社会创造的社会效益与经济效益。数字版权管理技术维护了版权拥有者以及相关各方的利益。同时,数字内容发行者需要在版权保护和产品使用便利性两方面做出权衡；版权拥有者需要维护自身的版权权益；消费者需要以最廉价、最便捷的方式消费数字内容产品。在这种需求下,亟需构建一个融合已有版权管理技术的平台为利益各方服务,方能以最低成本最大化各方的利益,实现多赢的局面,促进数字内容产业健康有序地发展。
本文提出了一种数字版权管理运营平台体系结构,并基于LVS(Linux Virtual Server)集群软件进行了优化部署。平台集数字产品发行、数字产品销售、数字产品版权管理、事后追踪、消费者参与、C2C+B2C双商业模式于一体,融合了当前成熟的数字版权管理技术——加密技术、数字水印、权限管理、机器指纹。由于该平台需要同时提供多达10种服务——Web Service、数字内容加密、Web服务、数字内容下载和上传、数字证书注册与管理等,对整个平台的架构设计提出了很高的要求。因此,文中提出了一种基于LVS的平台架构,分析了平台中各种模块、数据库和应用服务器的性能,以及相互之间的调用关系。同时,通过对架构下各种服务性能测试数据的分析,根据各服务性能的硬件资源需求,用整数规划的方法建立数字版权各个模块部署问题的数学模型,通过Lingo求解该模型,最终按照模型最优解部署了各个模块,使得服务器的CPU、I/O带宽、网络带宽在各服务之间得以合理的分配。整个平台的并发性、响应时间、服务器负载均衡度、可扩展性、可靠性等各项性能指标都较为优异。
With the enhancement of network speed in recent years and the popularity of various computing devices, digital content industry as an enormous business opportunity continues to be excavated. As one of the most critical technology-Digital Rights Management (DRM), it determines whether the digital content industry can create social and economic benefits. DRM is used to maintain the rights of copyright owners and the interests of the parties concerned. Meanwhile, the digital content publishers need copyright protection; copyright owners need to protect their copyright interest; consumers need the most affordable and most convenient way to consume digital content products. In this demand, it is urgent to build a copyright management technology integration platform for every one at the lowest cost, which can maximize the interests of all parties to achieve win-win situation, and promote the healthy and orderly digital content industry development.
This paper proposed and implemented a software platform based on LVS cluster architecture for the DRM integration operating platform, which includes distribution of digital products, sales of digital products, digital rights management, censorship of copyright, consumer participation, C2C+B2C dual business model. The platform integrates current mature digital rights management technologies-encryption, digital watermarking, rights management, machine fingerprint. Because the platform required to provide as many as 10 kinds of services-web, digital content encryption, web services, and digital content downloads and uploads, digital certificate registration and management, the whole platform architecture redesign made very high demands. Therefore, this paper proposed a new architecture of a digital rights management operation platform based on LVS, and analyzed the various modules of the platform, databases and application servers, and the relationship between the calls to design the entire platform structure. Meanwhile, we build the integer programming model for deployment of each module, and solve the model by Lingo. As a result, the entire platform's concurrency, response time, load balancing, scalability, reliability and other performance indicators made a relatively good performance.
本文提出了一种数字版权管理运营平台体系结构,并基于LVS(Linux Virtual Server)集群软件进行了优化部署。平台集数字产品发行、数字产品销售、数字产品版权管理、事后追踪、消费者参与、C2C+B2C双商业模式于一体,融合了当前成熟的数字版权管理技术——加密技术、数字水印、权限管理、机器指纹。由于该平台需要同时提供多达10种服务——Web Service、数字内容加密、Web服务、数字内容下载和上传、数字证书注册与管理等,对整个平台的架构设计提出了很高的要求。因此,文中提出了一种基于LVS的平台架构,分析了平台中各种模块、数据库和应用服务器的性能,以及相互之间的调用关系。同时,通过对架构下各种服务性能测试数据的分析,根据各服务性能的硬件资源需求,用整数规划的方法建立数字版权各个模块部署问题的数学模型,通过Lingo求解该模型,最终按照模型最优解部署了各个模块,使得服务器的CPU、I/O带宽、网络带宽在各服务之间得以合理的分配。整个平台的并发性、响应时间、服务器负载均衡度、可扩展性、可靠性等各项性能指标都较为优异。
With the enhancement of network speed in recent years and the popularity of various computing devices, digital content industry as an enormous business opportunity continues to be excavated. As one of the most critical technology-Digital Rights Management (DRM), it determines whether the digital content industry can create social and economic benefits. DRM is used to maintain the rights of copyright owners and the interests of the parties concerned. Meanwhile, the digital content publishers need copyright protection; copyright owners need to protect their copyright interest; consumers need the most affordable and most convenient way to consume digital content products. In this demand, it is urgent to build a copyright management technology integration platform for every one at the lowest cost, which can maximize the interests of all parties to achieve win-win situation, and promote the healthy and orderly digital content industry development.
This paper proposed and implemented a software platform based on LVS cluster architecture for the DRM integration operating platform, which includes distribution of digital products, sales of digital products, digital rights management, censorship of copyright, consumer participation, C2C+B2C dual business model. The platform integrates current mature digital rights management technologies-encryption, digital watermarking, rights management, machine fingerprint. Because the platform required to provide as many as 10 kinds of services-web, digital content encryption, web services, and digital content downloads and uploads, digital certificate registration and management, the whole platform architecture redesign made very high demands. Therefore, this paper proposed a new architecture of a digital rights management operation platform based on LVS, and analyzed the various modules of the platform, databases and application servers, and the relationship between the calls to design the entire platform structure. Meanwhile, we build the integer programming model for deployment of each module, and solve the model by Lingo. As a result, the entire platform's concurrency, response time, load balancing, scalability, reliability and other performance indicators made a relatively good performance.
引文
[1]. People's Daily Online. Online Shops Facing Registration. http://english.peopledaily.com. cn/90001/90778/90860/6883574.html,2010
[2]. Jonathan Silverstein. iTunes:1 Billion Served. http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story? id=1653881,2006
[3]. Secure Digital Container AG, Basel, Switzerland. Secure Digital Container Brings Sea mless DRM to Multimedia Experience. http://www.digicont.com,2006
[4]. Adobe Systems Incorporated. Adobe Unveils Adobe Flash Access 2.0. http://www.ado be.com,2009
[5].戴元军.信息隐藏与数字水印技术.IBM developerWorks,2002
[6]. Stefan Katzenbeisser Fabien A.P. Petitcolas.信息隐藏技术一隐写术与数字水印,人民邮电出版社,2001.168-176
[7]. Juergen Seitz. Digital Watermarking for Digital Media. Information Science Publishin g,2005.1-21
[8]. Martin Steinebach, Sascha Zmudzinski, Fan Chen. The Digital Watermarking Containe r:Secure and Efficient Embedding. Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security, SESSION:Robust digital watermarking,2004.199-205
[9]. Mihir Bellare, Phillip Rogaway. Introduction to Modern Cryptography, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California,2005.93-133
[10]. Carlisle Adams, Steve Lloyd. Understanding PKI:Concepts, Standards, and Deployme nt Considerations,2nd edition,2002.9-18
[11].关振胜.公钥基础设施PKI及其应用.电子工业出版社,2008.15-93
[12].Wikipedia. Device fingerprint. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_fingerprint,2009
[13].Alex Vrenios. Linux集群体系结构.机械工业出版社,2003.1-26
[14].Wensong Zhang and Wenzhuo Zhang, "Linux Virtual Server Clusters:Build Highly-sc alable and Highly-available Network Services at Low Cost", LinuxMagazine, Nov.,2 003
[15].Yong Meng TEO, Rassul AYANI, Comparison of Load Balancing Strategies on Clust er-based Web Servers. Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation,200 1.
[16].Wensong Zhang. Linux Virtual Server for Scalable Network Services. Proceedings of the Linux Symposium, July 2000.
[17].蔡伟鸿,彭思喜,胡斯捷.基于版权保护的数字内容安全交易系统的设计与实现.计算机工程与设计,2005,26(9),2347-2350.
[18].蔡伟鸿,邓宇乔.一个具有公平匿名性的数字版权管理系统.计算机应用,2006,26(12),2924-2927
[19].Apache Software Foundation. Apache JMeter User's Manual. http://jakarta.apache.org/j meter/,2010
[20].Jaehong Park, Ravi S Sandu. The UCONABC Usage Control Model, ACM Transaction s on Information and System Security,2004,7(1).128-174
[21].Badboy Software. Badboy 2.1. http://www.badboy.com.au/,2010
[22].Gaurav Banga, Peter Druschel. Measuring the Capacity of a Web Server. Proceedings of the USENIX Symposiumon Internet Technologies and Systems, Monterey,1997
[23].Michael P.Papazoglou. Web服务：原理与技术.机械工业出版社,2009,62-83
[24].Dmitri Nevedrov.Using JMeter to Performance Test Web Services. Oracle Technology Network,2006
[25].Diaa Salama Abdul.Elminaam, Hatem Mohamed Abdul Kader, Mohie Mohamed Hadh oud. Performance Evaluation of Symmetric Encryption Algorithms. International Journ al of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.8, No.12,2008
[26].Open Source Community, Linux Test Project, http://ltp.sourceforge.net/
[27].SiSoftware, Sandra Lite 2010 SPla, http://www.sisoftware.net/
[28].Luiz Andre Barroso, Jeffrey Dean, Urs Holzle. Web Search for a Planet:the Google Cluster Architecture. IEEE Micro, vol.23, no.2,2003.22-28
[29].Karl Kopper, The Linux Enterprise Cluster:Build a Highly Available Cluster with C ommodity. May 1,2005.175-216
[30].Andi Gutmans, Derick Rethans. PHP5权威编程.电子工业出版社,2007,183-201
[31].熊智,熊步云,周寅聃.基于蚁群算法的Web集群文档优化分布方案.计算机工程与设计,2009
[32].Kyungchul Park, Seokhoon Kang, Sungsoo Park. An Integer Programming Approach to the Bandwidth Packing Problem. Management Science, Vol.42, No.9,1996,1277-1 291
[33].黄红选,韩继业.数学规划.清华大学出版社,2003
[34].刘宝啶,赵瑞清,王纲.不确定规划及应用.清华大学出版社,2003
[35].Lindo Systems. LINGO. http://www.lindo.com/.2010
[36].谢金星,薛毅.优化建模与LINDO/LINGO软件.清华大学出版社,2005
[37]. Julian T J Midgley. Autobench, http://www.xenoclast.org/autobench/,2004
[38].David Mosberger, Tai Jin. httperf—A Tool for Measuring Web Server Performance. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, Volume 26, Issue 3,1998,31-37
[39].董耀祖,周正伟.基于X86架构的系统虚拟机技术与应用.计算机工程,32(13),2006
[40].Whitaker A, Shaw M, Gribble S. Denali:Lightweight Virtual Machines for Distribute d and Networked Applications. Proceedings of the USENIX Technical Conference, M onterey, CA,2002-06.
[41]. Boss G, Malladi P, Quan D, Legregni L, Hall H. Cloud Computing. IBM White Pap er,2007. http://download.boulder.ibm.com/ibmdl/pub/software/dw/wes/hipods/Cloud_com puting_wp_final_8Oct.pdf
[42].陈康,郑纬民.云计算：系统实例与研究现状.Journal of Software, Vol.20, No.5, May 2009.1337-1348
[43].M. Ronstrom and L. Thalmann. MySQL Cluster Architecture Overview. MySQL Tech nical White Paper,2004.1-5
[2]. Jonathan Silverstein. iTunes:1 Billion Served. http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story? id=1653881,2006
[3]. Secure Digital Container AG, Basel, Switzerland. Secure Digital Container Brings Sea mless DRM to Multimedia Experience. http://www.digicont.com,2006
[4]. Adobe Systems Incorporated. Adobe Unveils Adobe Flash Access 2.0. http://www.ado be.com,2009
[5].戴元军.信息隐藏与数字水印技术.IBM developerWorks,2002
[6]. Stefan Katzenbeisser Fabien A.P. Petitcolas.信息隐藏技术一隐写术与数字水印,人民邮电出版社,2001.168-176
[7]. Juergen Seitz. Digital Watermarking for Digital Media. Information Science Publishin g,2005.1-21
[8]. Martin Steinebach, Sascha Zmudzinski, Fan Chen. The Digital Watermarking Containe r:Secure and Efficient Embedding. Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security, SESSION:Robust digital watermarking,2004.199-205
[9]. Mihir Bellare, Phillip Rogaway. Introduction to Modern Cryptography, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California,2005.93-133
[10]. Carlisle Adams, Steve Lloyd. Understanding PKI:Concepts, Standards, and Deployme nt Considerations,2nd edition,2002.9-18
[11].关振胜.公钥基础设施PKI及其应用.电子工业出版社,2008.15-93
[12].Wikipedia. Device fingerprint. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_fingerprint,2009
[13].Alex Vrenios. Linux集群体系结构.机械工业出版社,2003.1-26
[14].Wensong Zhang and Wenzhuo Zhang, "Linux Virtual Server Clusters:Build Highly-sc alable and Highly-available Network Services at Low Cost", LinuxMagazine, Nov.,2 003
[15].Yong Meng TEO, Rassul AYANI, Comparison of Load Balancing Strategies on Clust er-based Web Servers. Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation,200 1.
[16].Wensong Zhang. Linux Virtual Server for Scalable Network Services. Proceedings of the Linux Symposium, July 2000.
[17].蔡伟鸿,彭思喜,胡斯捷.基于版权保护的数字内容安全交易系统的设计与实现.计算机工程与设计,2005,26(9),2347-2350.
[18].蔡伟鸿,邓宇乔.一个具有公平匿名性的数字版权管理系统.计算机应用,2006,26(12),2924-2927
[19].Apache Software Foundation. Apache JMeter User's Manual. http://jakarta.apache.org/j meter/,2010
[20].Jaehong Park, Ravi S Sandu. The UCONABC Usage Control Model, ACM Transaction s on Information and System Security,2004,7(1).128-174
[21].Badboy Software. Badboy 2.1. http://www.badboy.com.au/,2010
[22].Gaurav Banga, Peter Druschel. Measuring the Capacity of a Web Server. Proceedings of the USENIX Symposiumon Internet Technologies and Systems, Monterey,1997
[23].Michael P.Papazoglou. Web服务：原理与技术.机械工业出版社,2009,62-83
[24].Dmitri Nevedrov.Using JMeter to Performance Test Web Services. Oracle Technology Network,2006
[25].Diaa Salama Abdul.Elminaam, Hatem Mohamed Abdul Kader, Mohie Mohamed Hadh oud. Performance Evaluation of Symmetric Encryption Algorithms. International Journ al of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.8, No.12,2008
[26].Open Source Community, Linux Test Project, http://ltp.sourceforge.net/
[27].SiSoftware, Sandra Lite 2010 SPla, http://www.sisoftware.net/
[28].Luiz Andre Barroso, Jeffrey Dean, Urs Holzle. Web Search for a Planet:the Google Cluster Architecture. IEEE Micro, vol.23, no.2,2003.22-28
[29].Karl Kopper, The Linux Enterprise Cluster:Build a Highly Available Cluster with C ommodity. May 1,2005.175-216
[30].Andi Gutmans, Derick Rethans. PHP5权威编程.电子工业出版社,2007,183-201
[31].熊智,熊步云,周寅聃.基于蚁群算法的Web集群文档优化分布方案.计算机工程与设计,2009
[32].Kyungchul Park, Seokhoon Kang, Sungsoo Park. An Integer Programming Approach to the Bandwidth Packing Problem. Management Science, Vol.42, No.9,1996,1277-1 291
[33].黄红选,韩继业.数学规划.清华大学出版社,2003
[34].刘宝啶,赵瑞清,王纲.不确定规划及应用.清华大学出版社,2003
[35].Lindo Systems. LINGO. http://www.lindo.com/.2010
[36].谢金星,薛毅.优化建模与LINDO/LINGO软件.清华大学出版社,2005
[37]. Julian T J Midgley. Autobench, http://www.xenoclast.org/autobench/,2004
[38].David Mosberger, Tai Jin. httperf—A Tool for Measuring Web Server Performance. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, Volume 26, Issue 3,1998,31-37
[39].董耀祖,周正伟.基于X86架构的系统虚拟机技术与应用.计算机工程,32(13),2006
[40].Whitaker A, Shaw M, Gribble S. Denali:Lightweight Virtual Machines for Distribute d and Networked Applications. Proceedings of the USENIX Technical Conference, M onterey, CA,2002-06.
[41]. Boss G, Malladi P, Quan D, Legregni L, Hall H. Cloud Computing. IBM White Pap er,2007. http://download.boulder.ibm.com/ibmdl/pub/software/dw/wes/hipods/Cloud_com puting_wp_final_8Oct.pdf
[42].陈康,郑纬民.云计算：系统实例与研究现状.Journal of Software, Vol.20, No.5, May 2009.1337-1348
[43].M. Ronstrom and L. Thalmann. MySQL Cluster Architecture Overview. MySQL Tech nical White Paper,2004.1-5