基于信息融合的接地网断点诊断方法研究
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摘要
发、变电站接地网对于电力系统的可靠运行和工作人员的人身安全起着重要作用。由于接地网常年埋在地下,因腐蚀、导体连接处的虚焊或漏焊等造成接地体断裂,使得接地网的电气性能参数恶化,严重时将直接危及电网的安全运行。因此,研究在发、变电站不停电和不对地网开挖的情况下,检测地网导体的断点,以及时发现故障隐患,防止由于接地不良造成的危害,对保障电力系统安全可靠运行以及运行人员的人身安全具有重要的意义。
本文较详细地介绍了两种典型的接地网断点诊断方法,即电网络诊断法和电磁场诊断法。在分析此两种方法的特点、局限性及其诊断准确率的影响因素的基础上,探讨了改善或消除其影响因素的方法。同时,还研究了蒙特卡罗方法在电网络诊断算法评价中的应用,并分析了接地网断点故障的可测性,为本文后续章节合理利用诊断算法及其诊断结果提供了指导。然后,运用Matlab分别以电网络诊断法与电磁场诊断法,对接地网断点故障进行了仿真计算。结果表明,在对接地网导体的一些特殊断点诊断上,两种方法的诊断结果存在不一致性。
为了提高接地网断点诊断准确率,本文探索性地将信息融合技术引入接地网断点诊断中,构建了接地网融合诊断模型,提出了其综合决策策略及其实现方案。在此基础上,提出了基于D-S证据理论的接地网断点诊断方法。该法以电网络诊断法、电磁场诊断法的诊断结果为证据来源,引入隶属度函数计算证据体的可信度分配,实现了对接地网断点故障的融合诊断。模拟诊断结果表明,与单一诊断方法相比,融合诊断结果的可靠性得到了明显提高。
Grounding grids play a vital role to ensure the stable operation of the electrical power system and the safety of operators in power substations and plants. Corrosion phenomenon of grounding grids buried in soil exists generally. Serious corrosion of grounding grids will induce the grounding body rupture, inadequate hot stabilities, grounding parameters worsen, and so on. Accodingly the safety and stability of the power system will be in danger directly. Therefore, it is quite urgent and important to develop a method to diagnose breakpoints in grounding electrode without excavation or power off in time, in order to take corresponding defensive measures and prevent the hidden troubles happening.
By analyzing weaknesses of existing two diagnosis approaches for breakpoints in grounding grids, which are based on circuit network method and electromagnetic field method respectively, some improvement measures are proposed. Also, this paper studies the application of Monte Carlo method in the evaluation of circuit network diagnosis algorithm and the testability analysis of breaking points diagnosis for grounding grids, which are usful for reasonable utilization of the diagnosis algorithm and diagnosis results in the subsequent chapters. Then, simulations for breakpoint diagnosis in grounding electrodes are carried out by using the two apprcaches respectively. The results show the disagreement in some special diagnosis of breaking points in grounding grids.
In order to improve the diagnosis efficiency and accuracy, information fusion technology is introdued, for the first time, into breakpoints diagnosis of grounding grid. The model of fault diagnosis based on information fusion is built. Based on it, D-S evidence theory is applied to breakpoint diagnosis in grounding electrodes. Taking the results from the two above-mentioned approaches as sources of the evidences and using membership function to realize probability assignment of evidence bodies, fusion diagnosis is performed. Simulation results show that the proposed method is more effective than the previous.
本文较详细地介绍了两种典型的接地网断点诊断方法,即电网络诊断法和电磁场诊断法。在分析此两种方法的特点、局限性及其诊断准确率的影响因素的基础上,探讨了改善或消除其影响因素的方法。同时,还研究了蒙特卡罗方法在电网络诊断算法评价中的应用,并分析了接地网断点故障的可测性,为本文后续章节合理利用诊断算法及其诊断结果提供了指导。然后,运用Matlab分别以电网络诊断法与电磁场诊断法,对接地网断点故障进行了仿真计算。结果表明,在对接地网导体的一些特殊断点诊断上,两种方法的诊断结果存在不一致性。
为了提高接地网断点诊断准确率,本文探索性地将信息融合技术引入接地网断点诊断中,构建了接地网融合诊断模型,提出了其综合决策策略及其实现方案。在此基础上,提出了基于D-S证据理论的接地网断点诊断方法。该法以电网络诊断法、电磁场诊断法的诊断结果为证据来源,引入隶属度函数计算证据体的可信度分配,实现了对接地网断点故障的融合诊断。模拟诊断结果表明,与单一诊断方法相比,融合诊断结果的可靠性得到了明显提高。
Grounding grids play a vital role to ensure the stable operation of the electrical power system and the safety of operators in power substations and plants. Corrosion phenomenon of grounding grids buried in soil exists generally. Serious corrosion of grounding grids will induce the grounding body rupture, inadequate hot stabilities, grounding parameters worsen, and so on. Accodingly the safety and stability of the power system will be in danger directly. Therefore, it is quite urgent and important to develop a method to diagnose breakpoints in grounding electrode without excavation or power off in time, in order to take corresponding defensive measures and prevent the hidden troubles happening.
By analyzing weaknesses of existing two diagnosis approaches for breakpoints in grounding grids, which are based on circuit network method and electromagnetic field method respectively, some improvement measures are proposed. Also, this paper studies the application of Monte Carlo method in the evaluation of circuit network diagnosis algorithm and the testability analysis of breaking points diagnosis for grounding grids, which are usful for reasonable utilization of the diagnosis algorithm and diagnosis results in the subsequent chapters. Then, simulations for breakpoint diagnosis in grounding electrodes are carried out by using the two apprcaches respectively. The results show the disagreement in some special diagnosis of breaking points in grounding grids.
In order to improve the diagnosis efficiency and accuracy, information fusion technology is introdued, for the first time, into breakpoints diagnosis of grounding grid. The model of fault diagnosis based on information fusion is built. Based on it, D-S evidence theory is applied to breakpoint diagnosis in grounding electrodes. Taking the results from the two above-mentioned approaches as sources of the evidences and using membership function to realize probability assignment of evidence bodies, fusion diagnosis is performed. Simulation results show that the proposed method is more effective than the previous.
引文
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[5]胡少中.接地网改造中的几个问题.福建电力与电工,1996,3(16)：55-57
[6]王旭东.发、变电站接地网电气连接故障点检测方法研究.重庆大学学报,1995,26(5)：10-13
[7]He Jinliang,Zeng Rong,Gao Yanqing.Progress of study on grounding technology of modern power system.Electric Power Construction,2004,25 (6): 1-3
[8]Rong Zeng,Jinliang He.The theory and implementation of corrosion diagnosis for grounding system.In:Industry Applications Conference Record of the 37th IAS Annual Meeting,2002:1120-1126
[9]刘渝根,滕永禧等.接地网导体状态的诊断方法.重庆大学学报,2004,6(30)：19-21
[10]张晓玲,陈先禄.优化技术在发、变电所接地网故障诊断中的运用.高电压技术,2000,26(4)：64-66
[11]肖新华,刘华,陈先禄等.接地网腐蚀和断点的诊断理论分析.重庆大学学报,2001,24(3)：72-75
[12]Zhang Bo, Zhao Zhibin, CuiXiang. Diagnosis of breaks in substation's grounding grids by using the electro magnetic method. IEEE Transactions on Magnetic,2002,38 (2):473-476
[13]张波.变电站接地网的频域电磁场数值计算方法研究及其应用：[华北电力大学硕士学位论文].北京：华北电力大学,2003：10-60
[14]刘洋,崔翔,赵志斌.测量电磁场诊断变电站接地网断点.高电压技术,2008,7(34)：1389-1394
[15]张小玲,黄青阳.电力系统接地网故障诊断.电力系统自动化学报,2002,14(1)：48-51
[16]刘健,王建新,森.一种改进的接地网故障诊断算法及测试方案评价.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(3)：71-77
[17]刘宝成.低电压大电流法检测接地网技术研究.华北电力技术,1999,2(4)：7-8
[18]liu C L,Peng M F.A New Approach for Monitoring Grounding Grid of Electrical Power System.In:Electronic Measurement and Instruments,2007,ICEMI,8th International Conference on Aug,2007,3 (4):419-422
[19]黄文武,文习山等.接地网腐蚀与断点诊断软件系统的开发.高电压技术,2005,31(7)：42-45
[20]郭林.接地装置腐蚀故障诊断实例.西北电力技术,2003,6(2)：57-61
[21]胡学文,许崇武,王钦.接地网的防蚀材料性能试验.高电压技术,2002,5(28)：21-23
[22]张丽萍,袁建生,李中新.变电站接地网模拟计算.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(5)：76-79
[23]Peng M,Yu D,Li S.An Intelligent System for Monitoring Grounding Grids of Electric Power system.In:International Conference on Computing Communica-tions and Control Technologies,USA:IEEE,2004,2 (1)263-267
[24]Liu J,Wang J X,Wang S. A Corrosion Diagnosis Approach for Grounding Grids Based on Tabu Search Algorithm.In:Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2006 International Conference USA:IEEE,2006,1088-1091
[25]Chang H,Chien Hsing Lee. Computation of Grounding Resistances and Assess-ment of Ground Grid Safety at 161/23.9kV Indoor-type Substation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21 (3):1250-1260
[26]Motoyama,H.Electromagnetic Transient Response of Buried Bare Wire and Ground Grid.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22 (3):1673-1679
[27]Cao X, Wu G, Zhou W, et al. New Method for Calculating Ground Resistance of Grounding Grids Buried in Horizon Two-Layer Soil. High Voltage Engineering and Application,2008,9 (2):241-244
[28]刘同明等.数据融合技术及其应用.北京：国防工业出版社,1998：5-163
[29]Waltz E,Linas J. Multisensor data fusion. London:Artech House,1992:175-185
[30]Wide Peter,Winquist Fredrik.Human-based multi-sensor fusion method for artificial nose and tongue sensor data.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1998,10(6):1072-1077
[31]Lopez-Orozco J.A.,Cruz J.M.,et al.Asynchronous robust and distributed multi-sensor fusion system for mobile robots.International Journal of Robotics Research,2000,5 (1):914-932
[32]罗志增,蒋静坪.基于D-S理论的多信息融合方法及应用.电子学报,1999,9(5)：100-102
[33]Cheok Ka C.,Smid G.E.,McCune D.J..Multi-sensor-based collision avoidance system with application to a military HMMWV.In:IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems Proceedings ITSC,USA:IEEE,2000,10(3): 288-292
[34]陈永光,孙仲康.信息融合在多目标跟踪中的应用研究.电子学报,1979,9(2)：102-104
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