中国教育经济学的发展与展望——王善迈先生专访
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摘要
从理论和实践两个方面对中国教育经济学的奠基人之一王善迈先生进行专访。王先生认为,中国教育经济学经历了从引进、独立研究到蓬勃发展3个阶段;教育经济学发挥着支持国家教育决策和影响学科发展等重要作用;中国教育经济学研究应从中国的实际出发,研究中国教育中的经济问题,进行理论创新;要努力建立有中国特色的教育经济学理论体系,不能简单照搬国外的理论与方法。教育经费投入要着力解决两大问题:一是政府与市场的关系问题,二是教育财政经费投入的制度保障问题。"三个增长"在保证教育经费投入和推动教育发展方面起到了重要的作用,并将继续发挥作用。政府教育投入应和生产总值、财政支出"脱钩",要定标准、定责任、入预算,用制度来保证政府的教育经费投入。改革开放和发展是一个非均衡的过程,"双一流"建设有可能进一步拉大区域间高等教育发展的差距,这是一个发展战略问题。民办教育的核心是区分营利性与非营利性,只有解决了这个问题,才能促进民办教育的发展。教育是经济社会的一个组成部分,要从整个社会经济发展的背景出发讨论教育问题,不能只就教育论教育。
An interview with Mr. Wang Shanmai,one of the founders of Chinese educational economics,was conducted from both the theoretical and practical perspectives. Mr. Wang believes that China's educational economics has gone through three stages: introduction,independent research and vigorous development; education economics plays an important role in supporting the national educational decision-making and influencing the development of disciplines; China 's educational economics research should proceed from China's reality,study the economic problems in China's education and carry out the theoretical innovation; an education economy with Chinese characteristics is to be established. The economic theory system cannot simply copy the foreign theories and methods.The investment of educational funds should focus on the two major problems: one is the relationship between the government and the market; the other is the institutional guarantee of the investment of educational financial funds. "Three Growth"has played an important role in ensuring the investment of education funds and promoting the development of education,and it will continue to play the role.Government investment in education should be "decoupled " from the gross production and fiscal expenditure. Standards,responsibilities and budgets should be set to ensure the government investment in education by means of system. Reform,opening up and development are the unbalanced processes,and the construction of "double-first-class"may further widen the gap of regions in the development of higher education,which is a strategic issue of development. The core of private education is to distinguish between the profitability and non-profitability. Only by solving this problem can the development of private education be promoted. Education is an integral part of economic society. The education should be analyzed from the background of the whole social and economic development,not only the education alone.
An interview with Mr. Wang Shanmai,one of the founders of Chinese educational economics,was conducted from both the theoretical and practical perspectives. Mr. Wang believes that China's educational economics has gone through three stages: introduction,independent research and vigorous development; education economics plays an important role in supporting the national educational decision-making and influencing the development of disciplines; China 's educational economics research should proceed from China's reality,study the economic problems in China's education and carry out the theoretical innovation; an education economy with Chinese characteristics is to be established. The economic theory system cannot simply copy the foreign theories and methods.The investment of educational funds should focus on the two major problems: one is the relationship between the government and the market; the other is the institutional guarantee of the investment of educational financial funds. "Three Growth"has played an important role in ensuring the investment of education funds and promoting the development of education,and it will continue to play the role.Government investment in education should be "decoupled " from the gross production and fiscal expenditure. Standards,responsibilities and budgets should be set to ensure the government investment in education by means of system. Reform,opening up and development are the unbalanced processes,and the construction of "double-first-class"may further widen the gap of regions in the development of higher education,which is a strategic issue of development. The core of private education is to distinguish between the profitability and non-profitability. Only by solving this problem can the development of private education be promoted. Education is an integral part of economic society. The education should be analyzed from the background of the whole social and economic development,not only the education alone.
引文
(1)国家财政性教育经费支出占国民生产总值的比例应当随着国民经济的发展和财政收入的增长逐步提高,全国各级财政支出总额中教育经费所占比例应当随着国民经济的发展逐步提高。各级人民政府教育财政拨款的增长应当高于财政经常性收入的增长,并使按在校学生人数平均的教育费用逐步增长,保证教师工资和学生人均公用经费逐步增长。