多溴联苯醚的污染与控制研究进展
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摘要
多溴联苯醚会干扰甲状腺激素,影响到人类和动物脑部与中枢神经系统的正常发育。已有研究表明,多溴联苯醚来源于其产品生产及其作为添加型阻燃剂制品的生产及其拆解。它是一种新型持久性有机污染物,在大气、水、沉积物等多种环境介质中均被发现,广泛地存在于生物体中。我国珠江口海域多溴联苯醚浓度异常高,达7 434. 7ng/g_(干重)。关于多溴联苯醚的生物污染研究主要集中在污染体检测、分布和降解机理的实验室研究方面。主要使用光照射和微生物方法降解多溴联苯醚,光照射下半衰期在9. 67～370h;微生物降解周期较长,现有实验降解率为0. 3%～80%。在污染体多溴联苯醚快速检测、降解技术的有效应用、归趋行为方面的系统研究及从源到汇全流程的污染控制技术等方面还鲜有报道,是未来亟待关注的方向。
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers(PBDEs) can affect endocrine functions of mankind and animals and has negative influence to human health. The existing research found that PBDEs comes from its production and also from production and disassembly of additive-type flame retardant products. It is a new persistent organic pollutants,and has been found in a variety kinds of environmental media,such as air,water,sediments,etc.,and widely exists in organism. The Pearl River Estuary has extremely high concentration of PBDEs,with dry weight of 7 434. 7 ng/g. Most of studies on biological pollution from PBDEs are concentrated in laboratory research of pollutants test,distribution and degradation mechanisms. These studies mainly use light irradiation and micro-organism methods in the degradation of PBDEs. Half-life( IV) under light irradiation is about 9. 67～370 h. Micro-organism has comparatively longer cycle for degradation. And the current laboratory degradation rate is 0. 3%～80%. There is rare research in the fast test of PBDEs in pollutants,efficient application of degradation technology,and fate behavior,as well as full flow of pollution control technology from source to end. This is also a future research issue needed to be concerned.
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers(PBDEs) can affect endocrine functions of mankind and animals and has negative influence to human health. The existing research found that PBDEs comes from its production and also from production and disassembly of additive-type flame retardant products. It is a new persistent organic pollutants,and has been found in a variety kinds of environmental media,such as air,water,sediments,etc.,and widely exists in organism. The Pearl River Estuary has extremely high concentration of PBDEs,with dry weight of 7 434. 7 ng/g. Most of studies on biological pollution from PBDEs are concentrated in laboratory research of pollutants test,distribution and degradation mechanisms. These studies mainly use light irradiation and micro-organism methods in the degradation of PBDEs. Half-life( IV) under light irradiation is about 9. 67～370 h. Micro-organism has comparatively longer cycle for degradation. And the current laboratory degradation rate is 0. 3%～80%. There is rare research in the fast test of PBDEs in pollutants,efficient application of degradation technology,and fate behavior,as well as full flow of pollution control technology from source to end. This is also a future research issue needed to be concerned.
引文
[1]孙云娜.铁炭微电解耦合Fenton试剂降解十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的实验研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2012.
[2]李圆圆.东海持久性有机污染物多溴联苯醚的"源-汇"作用研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2014.
[3]Bromine Science and Environmental Forum. Total Market Demand(EB/OL). http://www. bsef. com,2006.
[4]Haave M,Folven K I,Carroll T,et al. Cerebral gene expression and neurobehavioural development after perinatal exposure to an environmentally relevant polybrominated diphenyl ether(BDE47)[J]. Cell Biology and Toxicology,2011,27(5):343-361.
[5]赵志刚.大连海域底泥环境多溴联苯醚生态风险分析研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2013.
[6]严超.δ-MnO2氧化转化溴酚生成OH-PBDEs的研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2014.
[7]Dingemans M M L,Berg M V D,Westerink R H S. Neurotoxicity of brominated flame retardants:(in)direct effects of parent and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers on the(developing)nervous system[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2011,119(7):900-907.
[8]薛南冬,李发生.持久性有机污染物(POPs)污染场地风险控制与环境修复[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:5.
[9]Shanmuganathan D,Megharaj M,Chen Z,et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in marine foodstuffs in Australia:residue levels and contamination status of PBDEs[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,63(5-12):154-159.
[10]Chen X J,Huang C J,Wang X C,et al. BED-47 disrupts axonal growth and motor behavior in developing zebrafish[J]. Aquatic Toxicology,2012,120-121:35-44.
[11]Darnerud P O,Eriksen G S,Johannesson T,et al. Airborne organic pollutants in Finnish reindeer food chain[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2001,109(Suppl. 1):49-68.
[12]Jakobsson K,Thuresson K,Rylander L,et al. Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabromobisphenol A among computer technicians[J]. Chemosphere,2002,46(5):709-716.
[13]Wang J X,Lin Z K,Lin K F,et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water,sediment,soil,and biological samples from different industrial areas in Zhejiang,China[J]. Journal of hazardous materials,2011,197:211-219.
[14]方力.浙江省表层土壤和沉积物中卤代阻燃剂污染特征研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2012.
[15]孙雨,丁剑楠,卢婕,等.长江南京段水源地抗生素污染特征及主要来源分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017-03-22. DOI:10. 19501/j. cnki. 1006-2009. 20170322. 010.
[16]Levison J,Novakowski K,Reiner E,et al. Potential of groundwater contamination by polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in a sensitive bedrock aquifer(Canada)[J]. Hydrogeology Journal,2012,20(2):401-412.
[17]Toms L,Mueller J,Mortimer M,et al. Assessment of concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in aquatic environments in Australia[R]. Canberra:Australian Government,Department of the Environment and Heritage,2003.
[18]Gevao B,Boyle EA,Aba A A,et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in sediments from the Northern Arabian Gulf:Spatial and temporal trends[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014,491-492:148-153.
[19]Schmidt S,Fortnagel P,Wittich R M. Biodegradation and transformation of 4,4-and 2,4-dihalodipheny ethers by Sphingomonas sp. Strain SS33[J]. Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1993,59(11):3931-3933.
[20]Kim Y M,Nam I H,Murugesan K,et al. Biodegradation of diphenyl ether and transformation of selected brominated congeners by Sphingomonassp PH-07[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2007,77(1):187-194.
[21]Robrock K R,Coelhan M,Sedlak D L,et al. Aerobic biotransformation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)by bacterial isolates[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(15):5705-5711.
[22]吴洋,王玉,仇荣亮,等.应用零价铁基材料还原和催化氧化降解多溴联苯醚[J].化学进展,2018,30(4):420~428.
[23]Keum Y S,Li Q X. Reductive debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by zerovalent iron[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39:2280-2286.
[24]Luo S,Yang S G,Xue Y G,et al. Two-stage reduction/subsequent oxidation treatment of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether in aqueous solutions:kinetic,pathway and toxicity[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,192(3):1795-1803.
[25]Yuan Z,Ahn S,Luthy R G. Debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by nanoscale zerovalent iron:pathways,kinetics,and reactivity[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2013,44(21):8236-8242.
[26]Li A,Tai C,Zhao Z S,Wang Y W,et al. Debromination of decabrominated diphenyl ether by resin-bound iron nanoparticles[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(19):6841-6846.
[27]Zhuang Y A,Jin L T,Lythy R G. Kinetics and pathways for the debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by bimetallic and nanoscale zerovalent iron:Effects of particle properties and catalyst[J]. Chemosphere,2012,89(4):426-432.
[28]Qiu X H,Fang Z Q,Liang B,et al. Degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether by nano zero-valent iron immobilized in mesoporous silica microspheres[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,193(20):70-81.
[29]An T,Chen J,Li G,et al. Characterization and the photocatalytic activity of Ti O2immobilized hydrophobic montmorillonite photocatalysts:Degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE 209)[J]. Catalysis Today,2008,139(1):69-76.
[30]Dawson R E,Hennig A,Weimann D P,et al. Experimental evidence for the functional relevance of anion-pi interactions[J]. Nature Chemistry,2010,2(7):533-538.
[31]宋蕾,李浩,韩宝红,等.沉积物中溴代阻燃剂的污染现状及分析去除方法的研究进展[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(5):137-144.
[2]李圆圆.东海持久性有机污染物多溴联苯醚的"源-汇"作用研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2014.
[3]Bromine Science and Environmental Forum. Total Market Demand(EB/OL). http://www. bsef. com,2006.
[4]Haave M,Folven K I,Carroll T,et al. Cerebral gene expression and neurobehavioural development after perinatal exposure to an environmentally relevant polybrominated diphenyl ether(BDE47)[J]. Cell Biology and Toxicology,2011,27(5):343-361.
[5]赵志刚.大连海域底泥环境多溴联苯醚生态风险分析研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2013.
[6]严超.δ-MnO2氧化转化溴酚生成OH-PBDEs的研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2014.
[7]Dingemans M M L,Berg M V D,Westerink R H S. Neurotoxicity of brominated flame retardants:(in)direct effects of parent and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers on the(developing)nervous system[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2011,119(7):900-907.
[8]薛南冬,李发生.持久性有机污染物(POPs)污染场地风险控制与环境修复[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:5.
[9]Shanmuganathan D,Megharaj M,Chen Z,et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in marine foodstuffs in Australia:residue levels and contamination status of PBDEs[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,63(5-12):154-159.
[10]Chen X J,Huang C J,Wang X C,et al. BED-47 disrupts axonal growth and motor behavior in developing zebrafish[J]. Aquatic Toxicology,2012,120-121:35-44.
[11]Darnerud P O,Eriksen G S,Johannesson T,et al. Airborne organic pollutants in Finnish reindeer food chain[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2001,109(Suppl. 1):49-68.
[12]Jakobsson K,Thuresson K,Rylander L,et al. Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabromobisphenol A among computer technicians[J]. Chemosphere,2002,46(5):709-716.
[13]Wang J X,Lin Z K,Lin K F,et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water,sediment,soil,and biological samples from different industrial areas in Zhejiang,China[J]. Journal of hazardous materials,2011,197:211-219.
[14]方力.浙江省表层土壤和沉积物中卤代阻燃剂污染特征研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2012.
[15]孙雨,丁剑楠,卢婕,等.长江南京段水源地抗生素污染特征及主要来源分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017-03-22. DOI:10. 19501/j. cnki. 1006-2009. 20170322. 010.
[16]Levison J,Novakowski K,Reiner E,et al. Potential of groundwater contamination by polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in a sensitive bedrock aquifer(Canada)[J]. Hydrogeology Journal,2012,20(2):401-412.
[17]Toms L,Mueller J,Mortimer M,et al. Assessment of concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in aquatic environments in Australia[R]. Canberra:Australian Government,Department of the Environment and Heritage,2003.
[18]Gevao B,Boyle EA,Aba A A,et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in sediments from the Northern Arabian Gulf:Spatial and temporal trends[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014,491-492:148-153.
[19]Schmidt S,Fortnagel P,Wittich R M. Biodegradation and transformation of 4,4-and 2,4-dihalodipheny ethers by Sphingomonas sp. Strain SS33[J]. Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1993,59(11):3931-3933.
[20]Kim Y M,Nam I H,Murugesan K,et al. Biodegradation of diphenyl ether and transformation of selected brominated congeners by Sphingomonassp PH-07[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2007,77(1):187-194.
[21]Robrock K R,Coelhan M,Sedlak D L,et al. Aerobic biotransformation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)by bacterial isolates[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(15):5705-5711.
[22]吴洋,王玉,仇荣亮,等.应用零价铁基材料还原和催化氧化降解多溴联苯醚[J].化学进展,2018,30(4):420~428.
[23]Keum Y S,Li Q X. Reductive debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by zerovalent iron[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39:2280-2286.
[24]Luo S,Yang S G,Xue Y G,et al. Two-stage reduction/subsequent oxidation treatment of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether in aqueous solutions:kinetic,pathway and toxicity[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,192(3):1795-1803.
[25]Yuan Z,Ahn S,Luthy R G. Debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by nanoscale zerovalent iron:pathways,kinetics,and reactivity[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2013,44(21):8236-8242.
[26]Li A,Tai C,Zhao Z S,Wang Y W,et al. Debromination of decabrominated diphenyl ether by resin-bound iron nanoparticles[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(19):6841-6846.
[27]Zhuang Y A,Jin L T,Lythy R G. Kinetics and pathways for the debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by bimetallic and nanoscale zerovalent iron:Effects of particle properties and catalyst[J]. Chemosphere,2012,89(4):426-432.
[28]Qiu X H,Fang Z Q,Liang B,et al. Degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether by nano zero-valent iron immobilized in mesoporous silica microspheres[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,193(20):70-81.
[29]An T,Chen J,Li G,et al. Characterization and the photocatalytic activity of Ti O2immobilized hydrophobic montmorillonite photocatalysts:Degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE 209)[J]. Catalysis Today,2008,139(1):69-76.
[30]Dawson R E,Hennig A,Weimann D P,et al. Experimental evidence for the functional relevance of anion-pi interactions[J]. Nature Chemistry,2010,2(7):533-538.
[31]宋蕾,李浩,韩宝红,等.沉积物中溴代阻燃剂的污染现状及分析去除方法的研究进展[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(5):137-144.