古陶瓷保护修复常用材料抗色变性能研究
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摘要
古陶瓷保护修复材料主要为有机材料。修复部位一般经过2-3年均会发生不同程度的变色,这影响着古陶瓷的后期保存及陈展效果,故修复前选用抗色变能力较好的材料尤为重要。本研究选取AAA胶、509胶、Hxtal(NYL-1)、Araldite2020、Hexion五种常用材料,对其腻子样品进行四类加速老化实验。使用漫反射光谱和红外光谱对样品抗色变性能及变色机理进行分析。结果表明,509胶抗色变能力均较好,Hxtal(NYL-1)有很好的抗紫外辐射能力,Hexion抗高温高湿能力较好,AAA胶抗色变能力均最差。影响材料色变的主要环境因子为温度和紫外辐射,故在修复后应避光、控温保存。环氧胶粘剂老化变色的内因是胺类固化剂易于被氧化生成羰基等发色基团,所以想从根本上提高其抗色变能力,应选择更耐老化的固化剂。
Materials used in protection and repair of ancient ceramics are mainly organic. The repaired parts in ancient ceramic generally produce varying degrees of color change after 2～3 years, which affects the later conservation and display effects. Therefore, it is especially important to choose materials with better resistance to color change before repair. Experiments of accelerated aging were performed on five common putty materials: AAA epoxy resin adhesive, 509 epoxy resin adhesive, Hxtal(NYL-1), Araldite 2020, and Hexion. Their resistance mechanisms to color degeneration and color variation were investigated using diffuse reflectance and FT-IR spectra. The results showed that 509 epoxy resin adhesive was the best in resistance to color change while AAA epoxy resin adhesive was the worst. Hxtal(NYL-1) had good antiultraviolet light ability. Hexion had good resistance to high temperature and high humidity. It should be kept within a controlled temperature range in dark since temperature and ultraviolet radiation were the major factors which caused material color change. The internal cause for aging and discoloration of epoxy resin adhesive was that it easily oxidized to form chromogenic ccarbonyl groups. Therefore, in order to fundamentally improve epoxy resin adhesive resistance to color change, a curing agent which is more resistant to aging should be selected.
Materials used in protection and repair of ancient ceramics are mainly organic. The repaired parts in ancient ceramic generally produce varying degrees of color change after 2～3 years, which affects the later conservation and display effects. Therefore, it is especially important to choose materials with better resistance to color change before repair. Experiments of accelerated aging were performed on five common putty materials: AAA epoxy resin adhesive, 509 epoxy resin adhesive, Hxtal(NYL-1), Araldite 2020, and Hexion. Their resistance mechanisms to color degeneration and color variation were investigated using diffuse reflectance and FT-IR spectra. The results showed that 509 epoxy resin adhesive was the best in resistance to color change while AAA epoxy resin adhesive was the worst. Hxtal(NYL-1) had good antiultraviolet light ability. Hexion had good resistance to high temperature and high humidity. It should be kept within a controlled temperature range in dark since temperature and ultraviolet radiation were the major factors which caused material color change. The internal cause for aging and discoloration of epoxy resin adhesive was that it easily oxidized to form chromogenic ccarbonyl groups. Therefore, in order to fundamentally improve epoxy resin adhesive resistance to color change, a curing agent which is more resistant to aging should be selected.
引文
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[18]吴启昌."南海Ⅰ号"两件出水瓷器文物的保护与修复[J].文物保护与考古科学,2016,28(01):93-100.WU Qichang.Protection and restoration of two pieces of porcelain from the submerged“South China SeaⅠ”[J].Sci Conserv Archaeol,2016,28(01):93-100.
[19]卜卫民.安徽凤阳汤和墓出土一件元青花瓷的修复[J].文物保护与考古科学,2014,26(03):99-103.BO Weimin.Restoration of a Yuan Dynasty porcelain object from the Tanghe tomb of restoration in Fengyang,Anhui.[J].Sci Conserv Archaeol,2014,26(03):99-103.
[20]武利民.涂料技术基础[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1999.WU Limin.Coating Technology Foundation[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Presss,1999.
[21]汤顺青.色度学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1990.TANG Shunqing.Colorimetry[M].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,1990.
[22]VANEREK J,BENESOVA A,ROVNANIK P,et al.Evaluation of FRP/wood adhesively bonded epoxy joints on environmental exposures[J].Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology,2014,28:1405-1417.
[23]Woo S C,Chen Y,Zhu H,et al.Environmental degradation of epoxy-organoclay nanocomposites due to UV exposure.Part I:Photo-degradation[J].Composites Science and Technology,2007,67:3448-3456.
[24]GALANT C,FAYOLLE B,KUNTZ M,et al.Thermal and radio-oxidation of epoxy coatings[J].Progress in Organic Coatings,2010,69:322-329.
[25]TSE K,NG F,YU K.Photo-degradation of PADC by UVradiation at various wavelengths[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2006,91(10):2380-2388.
[26]ROSU D,ROSU L,CASCAVAL C N.IR-change and yellowing of polyurethane as a result of UV irradiation[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2009,94:591-596.
[2]中华人民共和国国家文物局.可移动文物病害评估技术规程瓷器类文物(WW/T 0057-2014)[S].中华人民共和国文物保护行业标准,2014.The People's Republic of China State Administration of Cultural Heritage.Technical specification for evaluating disease of movable collection-Porcelain(WW/T 0056-2014)[S].Cultural relics protection standard of the People's Republic of China,2014.
[3]张玉龙,唐磊.环氧胶黏剂[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.ZHANG Yulong,TANG Lei.Epoxy Resin Adhesive[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Presss,2010.
[4]李广宇,李子东,吉利,等.环氧胶黏剂与应用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.LI Guangyu,LI Zidong,JI Li,et al.Epoxy Resin Adhesive and Application Technology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Presss,2007.
[5]DAN R,CASCAVAL C N,ROSU L.Effect of UV radiation on photolysis of epoxy maleate of bisphenol A[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry,2006,177(2-3):218-224.
[6]倪晓雪,李晓刚,张三平,等.环氧-聚酰胺胶粘剂的热老化行为研究[J].粘接,2009,(4):31-33.NI Xiaoxue,LI Xiaogang,ZHANG Sanping,et al.Study on Heat Aging Behavior of Epoxy-Polyamide Adhesive[J].Adhension,2009,(4):31-33.
[7]LI M,WANG K,ZHAN M,et al.The change of thermalmechanical properties and chemical structure of ambient cured DGEBA/TEPA under accelerated thermo-oxidative aging[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2013,98:2340-2346.
[8]NOSKOV,A M.Photochemistry of epoxy films[M].Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii,1975.
[9]王丽琴,杨璐.文物保护原则之探讨[J].华夏考古,2011,(03):143-149+167.WANG Liqin,YANG Lu.Research on the Principles of Cultural Relics Protection[J].Huaxia Archaeology,2011,(03):143-149+167.
[10]周双林.文物保护用有机高分子材料及要求[J].四川文物,2003(03):94-96.ZHOU Shuanglin.The requisition of polymer used in conservation[J].Sichuan Culture Relics,2003(03):94-96.
[11]马菁毓.出水古瓷器保护修复用胶黏剂老化性研究[C]//中国国际粘接技术大会论文集,2016.MA Jingyu.Study on aging properties of adhesives used to protect and restore porcelains from seawater[C]//Papers Collection of China International Conference on Bonding Technology,2016.
[12]SIDERIDOU I D,VOUVOUDI E C,PAPADOPOULOS GD.Epoxy polymer Hxtal NYL-1~(?)used in restoration and conservation:Irradiation with short and long wavelengths and study of photo-oxidation by FT-IR spectroscopy[J].Journal of Cultural Heritage,2016,18:279-289.
[13]DOWN J L.The yellowing of epoxy resin adhesives report on natural dark aging[J].Studies in Conservation,1984,29:63-76.
[14]DOWN J L.The yellowing of epoxy resin adhesives:Report on high-intensity light aging[J].Studies in Conservation,1986,31(4):159-170.
[15]杨植震,俞蕙,陈刚,等.古陶瓷修复研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2016.YANG Zhizhen,YU Hui,CHEN Gang,et al.Ancient Ceramic Restoration Research[M].Shanghai:Fudan University Press,2016.
[16]程庸,蒋道银.古瓷艺术鉴赏与修复[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社,2001.CHENG Yong,JIANG Daoyin.Ancient Porcelain Art Appreciation and Restoration[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Education Press,2001.
[17]俞蕙,黄艳,陈刚,杨植震,周瑞旎.国外进口瓷器修复专用材料的应用研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2018,30(05):120-124.YU Hui,HUANG Yan,YANG Zhizhen,et al.Study on some imported materials applied to porcelain restoration[J].Sci Conserv Archaeol,2018,30(05):120-124.
[18]吴启昌."南海Ⅰ号"两件出水瓷器文物的保护与修复[J].文物保护与考古科学,2016,28(01):93-100.WU Qichang.Protection and restoration of two pieces of porcelain from the submerged“South China SeaⅠ”[J].Sci Conserv Archaeol,2016,28(01):93-100.
[19]卜卫民.安徽凤阳汤和墓出土一件元青花瓷的修复[J].文物保护与考古科学,2014,26(03):99-103.BO Weimin.Restoration of a Yuan Dynasty porcelain object from the Tanghe tomb of restoration in Fengyang,Anhui.[J].Sci Conserv Archaeol,2014,26(03):99-103.
[20]武利民.涂料技术基础[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1999.WU Limin.Coating Technology Foundation[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Presss,1999.
[21]汤顺青.色度学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1990.TANG Shunqing.Colorimetry[M].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,1990.
[22]VANEREK J,BENESOVA A,ROVNANIK P,et al.Evaluation of FRP/wood adhesively bonded epoxy joints on environmental exposures[J].Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology,2014,28:1405-1417.
[23]Woo S C,Chen Y,Zhu H,et al.Environmental degradation of epoxy-organoclay nanocomposites due to UV exposure.Part I:Photo-degradation[J].Composites Science and Technology,2007,67:3448-3456.
[24]GALANT C,FAYOLLE B,KUNTZ M,et al.Thermal and radio-oxidation of epoxy coatings[J].Progress in Organic Coatings,2010,69:322-329.
[25]TSE K,NG F,YU K.Photo-degradation of PADC by UVradiation at various wavelengths[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2006,91(10):2380-2388.
[26]ROSU D,ROSU L,CASCAVAL C N.IR-change and yellowing of polyurethane as a result of UV irradiation[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2009,94:591-596.
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