矿区农田土壤重金属污染评价与研究
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摘要
以贵州六盘水市2个矿区周边农田土壤为研究对象,对土壤重金属进行含量及分布特征分析。采用污染负荷指数法、潜在生态风险评价法和地积累指数法对其污染状况进行评价。结果表明:2个矿区农田土壤Pb、Cd、Hg、Cu的含量最大值均超出了贵州省土壤背景值,Cu的污染最严重,2个矿区的含量均值分别是背景值的5.54倍和4.12倍;2个矿区农田土壤重金属的含量分布总体上呈现在煤矸石堆放场、矿区洗煤池附近农田土壤中重金属元素的含量高于远离矿区的外围农田的现象。矿区WJZ和矿区ZS重金属元素的污染系数均值由高到低均呈现Cu>Hg>Pb>Cd>As的现象,土壤采样点整体的污染负荷指数分别为1.39和0.75,即分别呈现中等污染和无污染的状况;Cu、Pb、Cd元素的来源可能受人为采矿活动的影响,Hg、As元素的来源可能受人类活动和成土母质的共同影响。
Two typical mining areas soils in Liupanshui were took as the research object to analyze the contents and distribution characteristics of heavy metals of the farmland soils. Their pollution status were assessed by the pollution load index,Hakanson ecological risk index and geological cumulative index. The results showed that the maximum contents of Pb,Cd,Hg and Cu in farmland soils of the two mining areas exceeds the soil background values of Guizhou Province,and the pollution of Cu is the worst. The average contents of heavy metals in farmland soils of the two mining areas are 5.54 times and 4.12 times of the background values,respectively. The distribution of heavy metals in farmland soils of the two mining areas generally presented that the contents of heavy metals in farmland soils near coal gangue dump and coal wash pool are higher than that of the farmland far away from the mining area. The average pollution coefficients of heavy metal elements in WJZ and ZS of mining area show the phenomenon of Cu > Hg > Pb > Cd > As from high to low. The overall pollution load index of soil sampling points are 1.39 and 0.75,showing moderate pollution and non-pollution,respectively. The sources of Cu,Pb and Cd elements may be affected by human mining activities,and the sources of Hg and As elements may be affected jointed by human activities and soil-forming materials.
Two typical mining areas soils in Liupanshui were took as the research object to analyze the contents and distribution characteristics of heavy metals of the farmland soils. Their pollution status were assessed by the pollution load index,Hakanson ecological risk index and geological cumulative index. The results showed that the maximum contents of Pb,Cd,Hg and Cu in farmland soils of the two mining areas exceeds the soil background values of Guizhou Province,and the pollution of Cu is the worst. The average contents of heavy metals in farmland soils of the two mining areas are 5.54 times and 4.12 times of the background values,respectively. The distribution of heavy metals in farmland soils of the two mining areas generally presented that the contents of heavy metals in farmland soils near coal gangue dump and coal wash pool are higher than that of the farmland far away from the mining area. The average pollution coefficients of heavy metal elements in WJZ and ZS of mining area show the phenomenon of Cu > Hg > Pb > Cd > As from high to low. The overall pollution load index of soil sampling points are 1.39 and 0.75,showing moderate pollution and non-pollution,respectively. The sources of Cu,Pb and Cd elements may be affected by human mining activities,and the sources of Hg and As elements may be affected jointed by human activities and soil-forming materials.
引文
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[20]丁振华,王文华,瞿丽雅,等.贵州万山汞矿区汞的环境污染及对生态系统的影响[J].环境科学,2004,25(2):111-114.Ding Zhenhua,Wang Wenhua,Qu Liya,et al.Mercury pollution and its ecosystem effects in Wanshan mercury miner area,Guizhou[J].Environmental Science,2004,25(2):111.
[21]魏复盛,陈静生,吴燕玉,等.中国土壤环境背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992.Wei Fusheng,Chen Jingsheng,Wu Yanyu,et al.Background Value of Soil Environment in China[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1992.
[22]Romero-Puertas M C,Rodriguez-Serrano M,Corpas F J,et al.Cadmium-induced subcellular accumula-tion of O2.-and H2O2in pea leaves[J].Plant Cell and Environment,2004,27(9):1122-1134.
[23]刘德良,杨期和.明山煤矿区废弃地重金属污染土壤环境质量评价[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(18):4351-4354.Liu Deliang,Yang Qihe.Appraisal for environmental quality of soil polluted by heavy metals in wasteland of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2013,52(18):4351-4354.
[24]庞夙,李廷轩,王永东,等.县域农田土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异特征及其影响因子分析[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(4):737-743.Pang Su,Li Tingxuan,Wang Yongdong,et al.Spatial variability and influencing factors of the concentrations of Cu,Zn,and Cr incropland soil on county scales[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(4):737-743.
[25]苏海民,汪兆国,黄园.宿州市煤矿区农田土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价[J].山东师范大学学报,2017,32(2):99-104.Su Haiming,Wang Zhaoguo,Huang Yuan.Heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment of farmland soil around coal mine in Suzhou city[J].Journal of Shandong Normal University,2017,32(2):99-104.
[2]于云江,胡林凯,李定龙,等.某典型农业区农田土壤重金属污染的健康风险初步评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,27(8):693-696.Yu Yunjiang,Hu Linkai,Li Dinglong,et al.Health risk assessment of heavy metals pollution in farmland soils in a typical agricultural area:a preliminary report[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2008,27(8):693-696.
[3]徐友宁,陈社斌,陈华清,等.大柳塔煤矿开发土壤重金属污染响应研究[J].中国矿业,2007,16(7):47-50.Xu Youning,Chen Shebin,Chen Huaqing,et al.Study on soil heavy metals pollution in Daliuta Coal Mine area[J].China Mining Magazine,2007,16(7):47-50.
[4]张锂,韩国才,陈慧,等.黄土高原煤矿区煤矸石中重金属对土壤污染的研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(10):1141-1146.Zhang Li,Han Guocai,Chen Hui,et al.Study on heavy metal contaminants in soil come from coal mining spoil in the loess plateau[J].Journal of Ghina Coal Society,2008,33(10):1141-1146.
[5]Sun R,Liu G,Zheng L,et al.Characteristics of coal quality and their relationship with coal-forming environment:A case study from the Zhuji exploration area,Huainan coalfield,Anhui,China[J].Energy,2010,35(1):423-435.
[6]李晓勇.农田土壤重金属污染评价方法研究[J].土壤通报,2009,40(2):390-393.Li Xiaoyong.Methods for assessment of heavy metal pollution in cropland soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2009,40(2):390-393.
[7]Pandey B,Agrawal M,Singh S.Ecological risk assessment of soil contamination by trace elements around coal mining area[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments,2016,16(1):159-168.
[8]庞文品,秦樊鑫,吕亚超,等.贵州兴仁煤矿区农田土壤重金属化学形态及风险评估[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1468-1478.Pang Wenpin,Qin Fanxin,Lu Yachao,et al.Chemical speciations of heavy metals and their risk assessment in agricultural soils in a coal mining area from Xingren County,Guizhou Province,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(5):1468-1478.
[9]Yenilmez F,Kuter N,Emil M K,et al.Evaluation of pollution levels at an abandoned coal mine site in Turkey with the aid of GIS[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2011,86:12-19.
[10]Bakis R,Tuncan A.An investigation of heavy metal and migration through groundwater from the landfill area of Eskisehir in Turkey[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2011,176(4):87-98.
[11]朱玉高.陕北煤矿区农田土壤重金属污染现状及修复研究[J].洁净煤技术,2014,20(5):105-108.Zhu Yugao.Contamination and control of heavy metals in farmland around coal mining area in Northern Shaanxi[J].Clean Coal Technology,2014,20(5):105-108.
[12]赵艳玲,王亚云,何厅厅,等.基于组合权区间欧式距离模型的重金属污染评价[J].金属矿山,2013(3):132-136.Zhao Yanling,Wang Yayun,He Tingting,et al.The evaluation of heavy metal pollution based on interval euclid distance model with combination weights[J].Metal Mine,2013(3):132-136.
[13]骆英,吴应德.六盘水市经济与能源发展现状及对策思考[J].六盘水师范学院学报,2014,26(4):51-54.Luo Ying,Wu Yingde.A analysis of current economy and energy development situation and research and the countermeasures in Liupanshui City[J].Journal of Liupanshui Normal University,2014,26(4):51-54.
[14]庞妍,同延安,梁连友,等.矿区农田土壤重金属分布特征与污染风险研究[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(11):165-171.Pang Yan,Tong Yan'an,Liang Lianyou,et al.Distribution of farmland heavy metals and pollution assessment in mining area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(11):165-171.
[15]Suresh G,Sutharsan P,Ramasamy V,et al.Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in relation to granulometric contents of Veeranam lake sediments,India[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2012,84:117-124.
[16]Hakanson Lars.An ecological rish index for aquatic pollution control:a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[17]夏家淇,骆永明.关于土壤污染的概念和3类评价指标的探讨[J].中国农业生态学报,2006,22(1):87-99.Xia Jiaqi,Luo Yongming.Definition and three evaluation guidelines of soil contamination[J].Journal of Ecology&Rural Environment,2006,22(1):87-90.
[18]Saintlaurent D,H?hni M,Stlaurent J,et al.Comparative assessment of soil contamination by lead and heavy metals in riparian and agricultural areas southern Québec,Canada[J].International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,2010,7(8):3100-3114.
[19]Zahra A,Hashmi M Z,Malik R N,et al.Enrichment and geo-accumulation of heavy matals and risk assessment of sediments of the Kurang Nallah-Feeding tributary of the Rawal Lake Reservoir,Pakistan[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,470:925-933.
[20]丁振华,王文华,瞿丽雅,等.贵州万山汞矿区汞的环境污染及对生态系统的影响[J].环境科学,2004,25(2):111-114.Ding Zhenhua,Wang Wenhua,Qu Liya,et al.Mercury pollution and its ecosystem effects in Wanshan mercury miner area,Guizhou[J].Environmental Science,2004,25(2):111.
[21]魏复盛,陈静生,吴燕玉,等.中国土壤环境背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992.Wei Fusheng,Chen Jingsheng,Wu Yanyu,et al.Background Value of Soil Environment in China[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1992.
[22]Romero-Puertas M C,Rodriguez-Serrano M,Corpas F J,et al.Cadmium-induced subcellular accumula-tion of O2.-and H2O2in pea leaves[J].Plant Cell and Environment,2004,27(9):1122-1134.
[23]刘德良,杨期和.明山煤矿区废弃地重金属污染土壤环境质量评价[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(18):4351-4354.Liu Deliang,Yang Qihe.Appraisal for environmental quality of soil polluted by heavy metals in wasteland of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2013,52(18):4351-4354.
[24]庞夙,李廷轩,王永东,等.县域农田土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异特征及其影响因子分析[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(4):737-743.Pang Su,Li Tingxuan,Wang Yongdong,et al.Spatial variability and influencing factors of the concentrations of Cu,Zn,and Cr incropland soil on county scales[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(4):737-743.
[25]苏海民,汪兆国,黄园.宿州市煤矿区农田土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价[J].山东师范大学学报,2017,32(2):99-104.Su Haiming,Wang Zhaoguo,Huang Yuan.Heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment of farmland soil around coal mine in Suzhou city[J].Journal of Shandong Normal University,2017,32(2):99-104.