基于遥感生态指数的新疆玛纳斯湖湿地生态变化评价
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摘要
以2000、2006和2016年3期的Landsat遥感影像为基础数据源,结合前人研究成果和实地考察,借助RSEI指数,对玛纳斯湖湿地生态环境进行监测和评价。结果表明:利用主成分分析技术集成植被指数、湿度分量、地表温度和土壤指数建立的RSEI指数具有一定的适用性,可较好的对玛纳斯湖湿地生态环境质量状况及其时空变化进行监测和评价。2000、2006和2016年RSEI指数均值分别为0.227、0.183、0.234,对RSEI指数进行分级处理后,发现流域生态环境质量"较差"等级居于主导地位,"优"等级有所增加,湿地生态环境质量向好的方向发展。气候变化和人类活动共同作用于玛纳斯湖湿地产生的生态环境效应,日益增强的人类活动是湿地退化的主要原因,多年来粗放型的农业发展使玛纳斯河流域人口、经济与生态环境之间的关系严重失调。从优化水资源配置角度提出对主要源流流域水土资源大规模开发的同时,应重视尾闾湖泊湿地的生态价值与可持续发展。
Wetlands are important, unique, multi-functional ecosystems formed by the interaction between land and water on the earth. They are an important habitat for human beings, with one of the highest productivity and richest biodiversity in the natural world. In the past 50 years, with the large-scale development of land resources in the Manas River Basin, the agricultural production water in the upper and middle reaches has reached downstream ecological habitats, resulting in a loss of biodiversity in the Manas Lake wetland and increased desertification at the lakeside. The ecological environment is the material basis for the survival and development of humans, and ecological environmental quality has a profound impact on global change and regional sustainable development. The remote sensing ecological index(RSEI), integrates multiple indicators that reflect the most intuitive ecological environment based on natural factors, and can quickly monitor and evaluate the regional ecological environment. Based on Landsat remote sensing images from 2000, 2006, and 2016, this study used the RSEI index to monitor and evaluate the ecological environment quality of the wetland at Manas Lake. The results showed that the RSEI index established by integrating the vegetation index, humidity, land surface temperature, and soil index using the principal component analysis technique has certain applicability, and could effectively be used to monitor and evaluate the ecosystem quality and its spatio-temporal changes in this wetland. In 2000, 2006, and 2016, the average RSEI index was 0.227, 0.183, and 0.234, and after ranking the RSEI index, it was found that the "lower" grade of the ecological environment in the river basin was dominant. The "excellent" level has increased, and the eco-environmental quality in the basin has improved. Climate change and human activities play a role in the eco-environmental effects produced in the Manas Lake wetland; increasing human activity is the main cause of wetland degradation, and extensive agricultural development over time has severely misaligned the population, economic, and ecological environment of the Manas River Basin. In the new century, under the "Five in One" modernization of the country to optimize the allocation of water resources, this paper focused on the large-scale development of water and land resources in major river basins, with the primary aim of determining the ecological value and sustainable development of the tail lake wetlands. These environments have important ecological significance for the sustainable development of the river basin and construction of the Silk Road economic belt.
Wetlands are important, unique, multi-functional ecosystems formed by the interaction between land and water on the earth. They are an important habitat for human beings, with one of the highest productivity and richest biodiversity in the natural world. In the past 50 years, with the large-scale development of land resources in the Manas River Basin, the agricultural production water in the upper and middle reaches has reached downstream ecological habitats, resulting in a loss of biodiversity in the Manas Lake wetland and increased desertification at the lakeside. The ecological environment is the material basis for the survival and development of humans, and ecological environmental quality has a profound impact on global change and regional sustainable development. The remote sensing ecological index(RSEI), integrates multiple indicators that reflect the most intuitive ecological environment based on natural factors, and can quickly monitor and evaluate the regional ecological environment. Based on Landsat remote sensing images from 2000, 2006, and 2016, this study used the RSEI index to monitor and evaluate the ecological environment quality of the wetland at Manas Lake. The results showed that the RSEI index established by integrating the vegetation index, humidity, land surface temperature, and soil index using the principal component analysis technique has certain applicability, and could effectively be used to monitor and evaluate the ecosystem quality and its spatio-temporal changes in this wetland. In 2000, 2006, and 2016, the average RSEI index was 0.227, 0.183, and 0.234, and after ranking the RSEI index, it was found that the "lower" grade of the ecological environment in the river basin was dominant. The "excellent" level has increased, and the eco-environmental quality in the basin has improved. Climate change and human activities play a role in the eco-environmental effects produced in the Manas Lake wetland; increasing human activity is the main cause of wetland degradation, and extensive agricultural development over time has severely misaligned the population, economic, and ecological environment of the Manas River Basin. In the new century, under the "Five in One" modernization of the country to optimize the allocation of water resources, this paper focused on the large-scale development of water and land resources in major river basins, with the primary aim of determining the ecological value and sustainable development of the tail lake wetlands. These environments have important ecological significance for the sustainable development of the river basin and construction of the Silk Road economic belt.
引文
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[8] Badreldin N,Goossens R.A satellite-based disturbance index algorithm for monitoring mitigation strategies effects on desertification change in an arid environment.Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2015,20(2):263- 276.
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[13] 郭敬辉,汤奇成,郭知教,等.新疆水文地理.北京:科学出版社,1966:36- 41.
[14] 姚永慧,汪小钦,周成虎,徐美,张百平,励惠国.新疆玛纳斯湖近50年来的变迁.水科学进展,2007,18(1):17- 23.
[15] 彭丽媛.玛纳斯河流域土地利用变化的生态环境质量评价[D].石河子:石河子大学,2017.
[16] 中国科学院新疆综合考察队.新疆地貌.北京:科学出版社,1978:217- 218.
[17] 黄培佑,黄丕振,顾春光.新疆玛纳斯湖的干涸对周围植被影响初探.干旱区地理,1987,10(4):30- 36.
[18] Goward S N,Xue Y K,Czajkowski K P.Evaluating land surface moisture conditions from the remotely sensed temperature/vegetation index measurements:an exploration with the simplified simple biosphere model.Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,79(2/3):225- 242.
[19] 李博伦,遆超普,颜晓元.Landsat8陆地成像仪影像的缨帽变换推导.测绘科学,2016,41(4):102- 107.
[20] Sobrino J A,Jiménez- Muňoz J C,Paolini L.Land surface temperature retrieval from LANDSAT TM 5.Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,90(4):434- 440.
[21] 程维明,周成虎,李建新.新疆玛纳斯湖景观演化及其生态环境效应.第四纪研究,2001,21(6):560- 565,577- 578.
[22] 丁文学.新疆玛纳斯河径流量年内变化与气候因子的非线性相关分析.水利规划与设计,2017,(1):56- 63.
[23] 沈永平,王国亚.IPCC第一工作组第五次评估报告对全球气候变化认知的最新科学要点.冰川冻土,2013,35(5):1068- 1076.
[24] Liu X F,Zhang J S,Zhu X F,Pan Y Z,Liu Y X,Zhang D H,Lin Z H.Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the Three-River Headwaters Region during 2000- 2011.Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(2):288- 302.
[25] 冯异星,罗格平,周德成,韩其飞,鲁蕾,许文强,朱磊,尹昌应,戴丽,李艳忠.近50a土地利用变化对干旱区典型流域景观格局的影响——以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例.生态学报,2010,30(16):4295- 4305.
[26] Ostwald M,Chen D L.Land-use change:impacts of climate variations and policies among small-scale farmers in the Loess Plateau,China.Land Use Policy,2006,23(4):361- 371.
[27] Vicente-Serrano S M,Lasanta T,Romo A.Analysis of spatial and temporal evolution of vegetation cover in the Spanish central Pyrenees:role of human management.Environmental Management,2004,34(6):802- 818.
[2] 庞珺.基于生态文明的干旱区湖泊湿地景观环境综合评价及改善对策研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[3] 李晓锋,姚晓军,孙美平,宫鹏,安丽娜,祁苗苗,高永鹏.2000—2014年我国西北地区湖泊面积的时空变化.生态学报,2018,38(1):96- 104.
[4] Gupta K,Kumar P,Pathan S K,Sharma K P.Urban neighborhood green index-a measure of green spaces in urban areas.Landscape and Urban Planning,2012,105(3):325- 335.
[5] Ivits E,Cherlet M,Mehl W,Sommer S.Estimating the ecological status and change of riparian zones in Andalusia assessed by multi-temporal AVHHR datasets.Ecological Indicators,2009,9(3):422- 431.
[6] Moran M S,Peters-Lidard C D,Watts J M,McElroy S.Estimating soil moisture at the watershed scale with satellite-based radar and land surface models.Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,30(5):805- 826.
[7] 徐涵秋.城市遥感生态指数的创建及其应用.生态学报,2013,33(24):7853- 7862.
[8] Badreldin N,Goossens R.A satellite-based disturbance index algorithm for monitoring mitigation strategies effects on desertification change in an arid environment.Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2015,20(2):263- 276.
[9] 张浩,杜培军,罗洁琼,李二珠.基于遥感生态指数的南京市生态变化分析.地理空间信息,2017,15(2):58- 62.
[10] 刘智才,徐涵秋,李乐,唐菲,林中立.基于遥感生态指数的杭州市城市生态变化.应用基础与工程科学学报,2015,23(4):728- 739.
[11] 徐涵秋.区域生态环境变化的遥感评价指数.中国环境科学,2013,33(5):889- 897.
[12] 姚永慧,励惠国.新疆玛纳斯湖演化的地貌特征.干旱区研究,2010,27(1):57- 63.
[13] 郭敬辉,汤奇成,郭知教,等.新疆水文地理.北京:科学出版社,1966:36- 41.
[14] 姚永慧,汪小钦,周成虎,徐美,张百平,励惠国.新疆玛纳斯湖近50年来的变迁.水科学进展,2007,18(1):17- 23.
[15] 彭丽媛.玛纳斯河流域土地利用变化的生态环境质量评价[D].石河子:石河子大学,2017.
[16] 中国科学院新疆综合考察队.新疆地貌.北京:科学出版社,1978:217- 218.
[17] 黄培佑,黄丕振,顾春光.新疆玛纳斯湖的干涸对周围植被影响初探.干旱区地理,1987,10(4):30- 36.
[18] Goward S N,Xue Y K,Czajkowski K P.Evaluating land surface moisture conditions from the remotely sensed temperature/vegetation index measurements:an exploration with the simplified simple biosphere model.Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,79(2/3):225- 242.
[19] 李博伦,遆超普,颜晓元.Landsat8陆地成像仪影像的缨帽变换推导.测绘科学,2016,41(4):102- 107.
[20] Sobrino J A,Jiménez- Muňoz J C,Paolini L.Land surface temperature retrieval from LANDSAT TM 5.Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,90(4):434- 440.
[21] 程维明,周成虎,李建新.新疆玛纳斯湖景观演化及其生态环境效应.第四纪研究,2001,21(6):560- 565,577- 578.
[22] 丁文学.新疆玛纳斯河径流量年内变化与气候因子的非线性相关分析.水利规划与设计,2017,(1):56- 63.
[23] 沈永平,王国亚.IPCC第一工作组第五次评估报告对全球气候变化认知的最新科学要点.冰川冻土,2013,35(5):1068- 1076.
[24] Liu X F,Zhang J S,Zhu X F,Pan Y Z,Liu Y X,Zhang D H,Lin Z H.Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the Three-River Headwaters Region during 2000- 2011.Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(2):288- 302.
[25] 冯异星,罗格平,周德成,韩其飞,鲁蕾,许文强,朱磊,尹昌应,戴丽,李艳忠.近50a土地利用变化对干旱区典型流域景观格局的影响——以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例.生态学报,2010,30(16):4295- 4305.
[26] Ostwald M,Chen D L.Land-use change:impacts of climate variations and policies among small-scale farmers in the Loess Plateau,China.Land Use Policy,2006,23(4):361- 371.
[27] Vicente-Serrano S M,Lasanta T,Romo A.Analysis of spatial and temporal evolution of vegetation cover in the Spanish central Pyrenees:role of human management.Environmental Management,2004,34(6):802- 818.