海河流域典型畜禽养殖场土壤污染调查评价
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摘要
为揭示海河流域平原区畜禽养殖对土壤污染的状况,以河北省馆陶县为例,对馆陶县猪、牛、羊、鸡4个典型养殖场内外的8个采样点,共计88个土壤样品中的重金属(铅、镉、砷、汞、总铬)和营养盐(总氮、总磷、硝态氮、铵态氮)进行检测分析。通过检测结果垂向剖面分布图发现,畜禽养殖对土壤环境重金属元素影响较小,在各养殖场内外,重金属浓度均满足土壤环境质量二级标准,大多数点位重金属浓度满足土壤环境质量一级标准值。畜禽养殖对土壤营养盐元素的含量影响较大,具有一定的表层富集现象,各养殖场土壤表层营养盐污染物浓度极高,但垂向浓度急速减小,一般至土壤深度60 cm左右浓度接近天然状态,最多至100 cm深度,主要土壤污染物浓度基本达到天然背景值。
In order to reveal the situation of soil pollution caused by livestock and poultry breeding in the plain area of Haihe River Basin, eighty-eight soil samples including eight sampling sites inside and outside of four typical pig, cow, sheep and chicken farms are collected in Guantao county, Hebei Province. The heavy metals(Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Cr) and nutrients(TN,TP,NO~-_3,NH~+_4) concentrations are analyzed. The vertical distribution of the heavy metals shows that livestock and poultry breeding have little impact on heavy metals in the soil environment. Heavy metal concentrations are within the secondary standard of the soil environmental quality standard both inside and outside of the farms, and heavy metal concentrations in most of the points are within the first standard of the soil environmental quality standard. Livestock and poultry breeding have a great influence on the content of soil nutrients, and nutrients are enriched in the surface soil. The concentrations of nutrients on the surface soil of each farm are extremely high, while the nutrients concentrations decrease rapidly with the depth of the soil profile. As a result, the concentrations of pollutants reach the natural background value at the depth around 60 cm(the deepest up to 100 cm).
In order to reveal the situation of soil pollution caused by livestock and poultry breeding in the plain area of Haihe River Basin, eighty-eight soil samples including eight sampling sites inside and outside of four typical pig, cow, sheep and chicken farms are collected in Guantao county, Hebei Province. The heavy metals(Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Cr) and nutrients(TN,TP,NO~-_3,NH~+_4) concentrations are analyzed. The vertical distribution of the heavy metals shows that livestock and poultry breeding have little impact on heavy metals in the soil environment. Heavy metal concentrations are within the secondary standard of the soil environmental quality standard both inside and outside of the farms, and heavy metal concentrations in most of the points are within the first standard of the soil environmental quality standard. Livestock and poultry breeding have a great influence on the content of soil nutrients, and nutrients are enriched in the surface soil. The concentrations of nutrients on the surface soil of each farm are extremely high, while the nutrients concentrations decrease rapidly with the depth of the soil profile. As a result, the concentrations of pollutants reach the natural background value at the depth around 60 cm(the deepest up to 100 cm).
引文
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[2] 武攀峰,吴为.长江下游典型滨海地区农业土壤重金属污染特征[J].中国环境监测,2008,(1):71-74.
[3] 庄国泰.我国土壤污染现状与防控策略[J].中国科学院院刊,2015,30(4):477-483.
[4] 高定,陈同斌,刘斌,等.我国畜禽养殖业粪便污染风险与控制策略[J].地理研究,2006,(2):311-319.
[5] 张树清,张夫道,刘秀梅,等.规模化养殖畜禽粪主要有害成分测定分析研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,(6):116-123.
[6] 刘培芳,陈振楼,许世远,等.长江三角洲城郊畜禽粪便的污染负荷及其防治对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,(5):456-460.
[7] 张绪美,董元华,王辉,等.中国畜禽养殖结构及其粪便N污染负荷特征分析[J].环境科学,2007,(6):1 311-1 318.
[8] 张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策 I.21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计[J].中国农业科学,2004,(7):1 008-1 017.
[9] 孙振钧,孙永明.我国农业废弃物资源化与农村生物质能源利用的现状与发展[J].中国农业科技导报,2006,(1):6-13.
[10] 李远.我国规模化畜禽养殖业存在的环境问题与防治对策[J].上海环境科学,2002,(10):597-599,643-644.
[11] 国家环境保护总局自然生态保护司.全国规模化畜禽养殖业污染情况调查及防治对策[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2000.
[12] 朱梅. 海河流域农业非点源污染负荷估算与评价研究[D]. 北京:中国农业科学院,2011.