陕北黄土区不同微地形土壤养分特征研究
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摘要
为提高陕北黄土区土壤肥力,加快植被恢复与重建,通过测定分析陕西吴起合沟流域原状坡、塌陷、切沟、缓台、浅沟及陡坎6种微地形0～100 cm土层土壤养分变化特征,并采用改进的内梅罗综合指数法综合评价其土壤肥力水平。结果表明,不同微地形0～100 cm土层土壤pH值、有机质、碱解N、全N、有效P和速效K含量变化范围分别为7.84～8.36、0.40%～0.90%、27.86～45.24 mg·kg~(-1)、0.31～0.53 g·kg~(-1)、4.66～9.55 mg·kg~(-1)和152.52～198.02 mg·kg~(-1)。随着土层深度的增加,各微地形土壤pH值呈上升趋势,有机质、碱解N和全N含量逐渐降低,有效P含量先降低后增加,速效K未呈现一致的变化规律。除陡坎外,不同微地形土壤肥力随着土层深度的增加而逐渐降低。切沟表层(0～20 cm)土壤肥力指数为1.996,达到肥沃水平;原状坡、塌陷、缓台和浅沟土壤肥力指数分别为1.224、0.992、1.148和1.365,均处于一般水平;陡坎土壤肥力指数则为0.695,处于贫瘠水平。各微地形在20～100 cm土层土壤肥力指数差异较小,基本均处贫瘠水平。综合而言,不同微地形土壤肥力呈现出明显的表聚效应,切沟表层土壤肥力最好,陡坎最差,其中有机质、碱解氮、全氮是土壤肥力较低的主要限制因子。
This paper characterized the variations of soil nutrients in 0-100 cm soil layer of 6 different kinds of micro-topography in terms of undisturbed slope,collapse,gully,platform,shallow gully and scarp,located at Hegou catchment in Wuqi County of Shaanxi Province,with an attempt to figure out a strategy in improving soil fertility,accelerating vegetation restoration and reconstruction in local loess region.The soil fertility level was evaluated by the method of modified Nemerow integral index.The results showed that the soil pH,the contents of organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-100 cm soil layer of different micro-topography ranged between 7.84-8.36,0.40%-0.90%,27.86-45.24 mg·kg~(-1),0.31-0.53 g·kg~(-1),4.66-9.55 mg·kg~(-1) and 152.52-198.02 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.With the increase of soil depth,the soil pH values in all micro-topography gradually increased,while the contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen gradually decreased; the available phosphorus decreased first and then increased.However,the available potassium concentrations in different layers fluctuated disorderly.The soil fertility of different micro-topography decreased with the increase of soil depth except the scarp.The soil fertility index of the gully in surface layer(0-20 cm) was 1.996,reaching up the level of ‘fertile'.The soil fertility index of undisturbed slope,collapse,platform and shallow gully were 1.224,0.992,1.148 and 1.365,respectively,which all were regarded as ‘normal' level.The lowest fertility index was found in the scarp with a value of 0.695,which belonged to barren level.According to the fertility index of 20-100 cm soil layer of different micro-topography,all soils were at barren level.In conclusion,obvious surface aggregation effect of soil fertility were showed in different micro-topography.The soil fertility of gully in surface layer was the best while the scarp was the worst,mainly determined by the main limiting factors including organic matter,alkaline nitrogen and total nitrogen.
This paper characterized the variations of soil nutrients in 0-100 cm soil layer of 6 different kinds of micro-topography in terms of undisturbed slope,collapse,gully,platform,shallow gully and scarp,located at Hegou catchment in Wuqi County of Shaanxi Province,with an attempt to figure out a strategy in improving soil fertility,accelerating vegetation restoration and reconstruction in local loess region.The soil fertility level was evaluated by the method of modified Nemerow integral index.The results showed that the soil pH,the contents of organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-100 cm soil layer of different micro-topography ranged between 7.84-8.36,0.40%-0.90%,27.86-45.24 mg·kg~(-1),0.31-0.53 g·kg~(-1),4.66-9.55 mg·kg~(-1) and 152.52-198.02 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.With the increase of soil depth,the soil pH values in all micro-topography gradually increased,while the contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen gradually decreased; the available phosphorus decreased first and then increased.However,the available potassium concentrations in different layers fluctuated disorderly.The soil fertility of different micro-topography decreased with the increase of soil depth except the scarp.The soil fertility index of the gully in surface layer(0-20 cm) was 1.996,reaching up the level of ‘fertile'.The soil fertility index of undisturbed slope,collapse,platform and shallow gully were 1.224,0.992,1.148 and 1.365,respectively,which all were regarded as ‘normal' level.The lowest fertility index was found in the scarp with a value of 0.695,which belonged to barren level.According to the fertility index of 20-100 cm soil layer of different micro-topography,all soils were at barren level.In conclusion,obvious surface aggregation effect of soil fertility were showed in different micro-topography.The soil fertility of gully in surface layer was the best while the scarp was the worst,mainly determined by the main limiting factors including organic matter,alkaline nitrogen and total nitrogen.
引文
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[21] 黄雅茹,郝玉光,董礼隆,等.乌兰布和沙漠东北缘典型固沙林土壤养分特征研究[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(2):1-9.HUANG Y R,HAO Y G,DONG L L,et al.Comparative study on soil chemical properties of typical sand-fixing forests in Ulanbuh desert [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(2):1-9.(in Chinese)
[22] 何琴飞,申文辉,彭玉华,等.钦州湾红树林土壤肥力及其C、N、P、K化学计量特征[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(6):119-124.HE Q F,SHEN W H,PENG Y H,et al.Soil fertility and C,N,P,K ecological stoichiometry of mangroves in Qinzhou bay,Guangxi [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(6):119-124.(in Chinese)
[2] NAZZARENO D,MICHELE C.Multivariate indicator kriging approach using a GIS to classify soil degradation for mediterranean agricultural lands [J].Ecological Indicators,2004,4:177-187.
[3] 刘洁,李茗,吴立潮.南方红壤区油茶林土壤肥力质量指标及评价[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(4):73-80.LIU J,LI M,WU L C.Soil fertility quality indicators and evaluation of the soil of Camellia oleifera in southern China red regions [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(4):73-80.(in Chinese)
[4] 冯嘉仪,储双双,王婧,等.华南地区5种典型林分类型土壤肥力综合评价[J].华南农业大学学报,2018,39(3):73-81.
[5] 温淑红,潘占兵,许浩.宁南黄土丘陵区旱作苜蓿地土壤综合肥力质量评价[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(4):56-60.WEN S H,PAN Z B,XU H.Comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility quality of alfalfa field in the dryland of Loess Hilly region in southern Ningxia [J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(4):56-60.(in Chinese)
[6] 卢纪元,朱清科,陈文思,等.陕北黄土区植被特征对坡面微地形的响应[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(1):53-60.LU J Y,ZHU Q K,CHEN W S,et al.Response of vegetation characteristics to slope micro-topography in loess area of north Shaanxi Province [J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,14(1):53-60.(in Chinese)
[7] 申明爽,朱清科,王瑜,等.陕北黄土区不同微地形土壤水分变化趋势分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(3):84-92.SHEN M S,ZHU Q K,WANG Y,et al.Dynamic changing trend of soil moisture in different micro-topography in loess region of northern Shaanxi Province of northwestern China [J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(3):84-92.(in Chinese)
[8] 邝高明,朱清科,刘中奇,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区微地形对土壤水分及生物量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(3):74-77.
[9] 李增尧,赵兴凯,朱清科.陕北黄土区微地形土壤有效水饱和度[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(4):88-94.LI Z Y,ZHAO X K,ZHU Q K.Saturation of available soil water for micro-topography in loess area of north Shaanxi [J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2017,35(4):88-94.(in Chinese)
[10] 张宏芝,朱清科,赵磊磊,等.陕北黄土坡面微地形土壤化学性质[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(5):20-25.
[11] 卜耀军,朱清科,包耀贤,等.陕北黄土区微地形土壤质量指标变异性及敏感性[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):153-157.
[12] 刘广亮,艾宁,朱清科,等.吴起县退耕地不同植被类型土壤性质分析[J].林业调查规划,2018,43(3):129-134.
[13] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[14] 全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[15] 郝瑞军.上海城市绿地土壤肥力特征分析与评价[J].上海农业学报,2014,30(1):79-84.HAO R J.Analysis and evaluation of soil fertility characteristics of Shanghai urban green area [J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2014,30(1):79-84.(in Chinese)
[16] 卢纪元.陕北植物群落结构与微地形土壤养分耦合关系研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[17] 张宏芝.陕北黄土坡面微地形土壤质量研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.
[18] 赵荟,朱清科,秦伟,等.黄土高原干旱阳坡微地形土壤水分特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(3):64-68.
[19] 安康,谢小平,张海珍,等.西湖风景区土壤肥力的空间格局及其影响因子[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(4):1091-1096.AN K,XIE X P,ZHANG H Z,et al.Spatial pattern and impact factors of soil fertility in West Lake scenic area[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(4):1091-1096.(in Chinese)
[20] 欧阳学军,黄忠良,周国逸,等.鼎湖山南亚热带森林群落演替对土壤化学性质影响的累积效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(4):51-54.
[21] 黄雅茹,郝玉光,董礼隆,等.乌兰布和沙漠东北缘典型固沙林土壤养分特征研究[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(2):1-9.HUANG Y R,HAO Y G,DONG L L,et al.Comparative study on soil chemical properties of typical sand-fixing forests in Ulanbuh desert [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(2):1-9.(in Chinese)
[22] 何琴飞,申文辉,彭玉华,等.钦州湾红树林土壤肥力及其C、N、P、K化学计量特征[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(6):119-124.HE Q F,SHEN W H,PENG Y H,et al.Soil fertility and C,N,P,K ecological stoichiometry of mangroves in Qinzhou bay,Guangxi [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(6):119-124.(in Chinese)