干旱区沙漠与河流复合地貌过程研究进展
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摘要
沙漠-河流过渡带是独特的地理单元,在世界主要沙漠中普遍存在,河岸沙丘地貌发育过程是其独特性的突出表现。一方面,河流通过提供物源和场所控制河岸沙丘地貌的发育过程与格局,另一方面,沙丘发育过程改变河道。本文回顾了沙漠与河流复合地貌过程研究取得的重要进展,包括沙漠与河流交互关系、沙漠和河流交互尺度以及河岸沙丘地貌形成与发育过程等。但水系变迁与沙漠演化、沙丘复杂性与河谷形态之间的关系,以及如何建构沙漠河岸风水复合地貌过程模型等问题,将是未来需要突破的难题,这有助于促进风沙地貌与流水地貌的高度融合,丰富沙漠科学和干旱区水文的理论体系。
Desert-river transition zone is a unique geographical unit that prevails in the main deserts of the world. The complex geomorphic process of deserts and rivers is an outstanding manifestation of its uniqueness. On the one hand, rivers control the development process and pattern of aeolian landforms through the provision of source and place. On the other hand, dune development changes the course of the river. The important progress made in the study of the complex geomorphologic processes of deserts and rivers was reviewed, including the interactions between deserts and rivers, the interaction scales of deserts and rivers, and the formation and development processes of dunes of river bank. However, issues such as the evolution of river systems and the evolution of deserts, the relationship between dune complexity and river valley morphology, and how to construct desert riparian geomorphologic process models for aeolian-fluvial interactions issues will be challenges that need to be broken in the future. This will help scientifically understand the aeolian-fluvial interaction in arid regions. The process and mechanism promote the high integration of aeolian landforms and fluvial landforms, and enrich and improve the theoretical system of desert science and hydrology in arid regions.
Desert-river transition zone is a unique geographical unit that prevails in the main deserts of the world. The complex geomorphic process of deserts and rivers is an outstanding manifestation of its uniqueness. On the one hand, rivers control the development process and pattern of aeolian landforms through the provision of source and place. On the other hand, dune development changes the course of the river. The important progress made in the study of the complex geomorphologic processes of deserts and rivers was reviewed, including the interactions between deserts and rivers, the interaction scales of deserts and rivers, and the formation and development processes of dunes of river bank. However, issues such as the evolution of river systems and the evolution of deserts, the relationship between dune complexity and river valley morphology, and how to construct desert riparian geomorphologic process models for aeolian-fluvial interactions issues will be challenges that need to be broken in the future. This will help scientifically understand the aeolian-fluvial interaction in arid regions. The process and mechanism promote the high integration of aeolian landforms and fluvial landforms, and enrich and improve the theoretical system of desert science and hydrology in arid regions.
引文
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[21] Ravi S,Breshears D D,Huxman T E,et al.Land degradation in drylands:interactions among hydrologic-aeolian erosion and vegetation dynamics[J].Geomorphology,2010,116:236-245.
[22] Belnap J,Munson S M,Field J P.Aeolian and fluvial processes in dryland regions:the need for integrated studies[J].Ecohydrology,2011,4:615-622.
[23] Langford R P.Fluvial-aeolian interactions:part I,modern systems[J].Sedimentlogy,1989,36:1023-1035.
[24] Lancaster N.Response of eolian geomorphic systems to minor climate change:examples from the southern Californian deserts[J].Geomorphology,1997,19:333-347.
[25] Kocurek G.Aeolian system response to external forcing factors-a sequence stratigraphic view of the Saharan region[M]//Alsharhan A S,Glennie K W,Whittle G L,et al.Quaternary Deserts and Climatic Change.Rotterdam,Netherland:Balkema,1998:327-349.
[26] Draut A E.Effects of river regulation on aeolian landscapes,Colorado River,southwestern USA[J].Journal of Geophysics Research,2012,117:F02022.
[27] Middleton L T,Blakey R C.Processes and controls on the intertonguing of the Kayenta and Navajo Formation,Northern Arizona:eolian-fluvial interactions[M]//Brookfield M E,Ahlbrandt T S.Eolian Sediment and Processes,Development in Sediment.Amsterdam,Netherland:Elsevier,1983:613-634.
[28] 史培军,王静爱.论风水两相作用地貌的特征及其发育过程[J].内蒙古林学院学报,1986,8(2):88-97.
[29] Langford R P,Chan M A.Fluvial-aeolian interactions:part II,ancient systems[J].Sedimentology,1989,36:1037-1051.
[30] Thomas D S G.Arid geomorphology[J].Progress in Physical Geography,1990,14:221-231.
[31] Tooth S,Nanson G C.Distinctiveness and diversity of arid zone river systems[M]//Thomas D S G.Arid Zone Geomorphology:Process,Form and Change in Drylands.New York,USA:John Wiley & Sons,2011:269-300.
[32] 靳鹤龄,董光荣.试论干旱区河流在沙漠地貌发育中的作用——以塔克拉玛干沙漠和田河流域为例[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(4):367-373.
[33] Yan P,Li X M,Ma Y F,et al.Morphological characteristics of interactions between deserts and rivers in northern China[J].Aeolian Research,2015,19:225-233.
[34] El-Baz.Sand accumulation and groundwater in the eastern Sahara[J].Episodes,1998,21:147-151.
[35] Tooth S.Process,form and change in dryland rivers:a review of recent research[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2000,51:67-107.
[36] Yang X P,Scuderi L A.Hydrological and climatic changes in deserts of China since the late Pleistocene[J].Quaternary Research,2010,73:1-9.
[37] Yang X P,Li H,Conacher A.Large-scale controls on the development of sand seas in Northern China[J].Quaternary International,2012,250:74-83.
[38] Nanson G C,Tooth S,Knighton A D.A global prespective on dryland rivers:perceptions,misconceptions and distinctions[M]//Bull L J,Kirkby M J.Dryland Rivers:Hydrology and Geomorphology of Semi-arid Channels.Chichester,USA:John Wiley & Sons,2002:17-54.
[39] Erpul G,Norton L D,Gabriels D.Wind-driven rainsplash erosion[C]//Jeffrey L A,Zobeck T M.Proceedings of ICAR5/GCTE-SEN Joint Conference.Lubbock,Texas,USA:International Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands Studies,Texas Tech University,2002:25-28.
[40] Svendsen J,Stollhofen H,Krapf C B E,et al.Mass and hyperconcentrated flow deposits record dune-damming and catastrophic breakthrough of ephemeral rivers,Skeleton Coast Erg,Namibia[J].Sedimental Geology,2003,160(1/2/3):7-31.
[41] Lu P Y,Lai Z P,An P,et al.Aeolian sediments evolution controlled by fluvial processes,climate change and human activities since LGM in the Qaidam Basin,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Quaternary International,2015,372:23-32.
[42] Pan B T,Guan Q Y,Liu Z B,et al.Analysis of channel evolution characteristics in the Hobq Desert reach of the Yellow River (1962-2000)[J].Global and Planetary Change,2015,135:148-158.
[43] 李森,王跃,哈斯,等.雅鲁藏布江河谷风沙地貌分类与发育问题[J].中国沙漠,1997,17(4):342-250.
[44] Bullard J E,Nash D J.Linear dune pattern variability in the vicinity of dry valleys in the southwest Kalahari[J].Geomorphology,1998,23:35-54.
[45] Farouk E B,Monique M,Cordula R.Fluvio-aeolian dynamics in the north-eastern Sahara:the relationship between fluvial/aeolian systems and ground-water concentration[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2000,544:173-183.
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