黄河三角洲贝壳砂干旱生境杠柳(Periploca sepium)叶片的光合作用特征
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摘要
水分是黄河三角洲贝壳堤滩脊地带植被生长的主要限制因子。以4年生杠柳(Periploca sepium)苗木为对象,模拟贝壳砂干旱生境,设定对照(土壤相对含水量RWC为77.72%)、轻度(RWC为58.16%)、中度(RWC为42.98%)及重度(RWC为32.39%)干旱胁迫4组水分梯度,测定分析杠柳叶片气体交换参数的光响应以及叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明:(1)水分条件可显著影响贝壳砂生境杠柳叶片的光合效率。随干旱胁迫的加重,杠柳净光合速率(P_n)显著下降,重度干旱胁迫下,P_n最小,为0.62μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),仅是对照的5%。表观量子效率、光饱和点和暗呼吸速率随干旱胁迫的加重逐渐降低,而光补偿点逐渐升高。干旱胁迫导致杠柳叶片光照生态幅变窄,光能利用率降低。(2)随干旱胁迫加重,杠柳蒸腾速率显著下降。适度干旱胁迫可显著提高杠柳的水分利用效率,在轻度、中度干旱胁迫下维持较高值,而对照和重度干旱胁迫下显著降低。在轻度、中度干旱胁迫下,杠柳P_n下降主要受气孔限制,而重度干旱胁迫则以非气孔限制为主。(3)随干旱胁迫加重,杠柳叶片潜在光化学效率、实际光化学效率和非循环光合电子传递速率均显著下降,受到光抑制,电子传递效率下降;非光化学猝灭系数显著增加,光能热耗散增多。杠柳叶片通过调节光合效能来适应干旱胁迫逆境,对干旱逆境表现出一定的可塑性和适应性。
Water is the main limiting factor of vegetation growth in the Ridge of Shell Beach in the Yellow River Delta. Four year old Periploca sepium were used as experimental materials. Four soil water content levels, including control(soil relative water content, RWC=77.72%), mild(RWC=58.16%), moderate(RWC=42.98%) and severe drought stress(RWC=32.39%) groups, were set up to simulate drought stress in sand habitat formed from seashells. The light response of the leaf gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under different water conditions were measured and analyzed. The results showed as follows.(1) Water conditions could influence the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves in shell beach ridge significantly. With the increase of drought stress, the net photosynthetic rate(P_n) decreased significantly. Under severe drought stress, the minimum of P_n was 0.62 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), which was only 5% of the control. The apparent quantum yield, light saturation point and dark respiration rate decreased with the increase of drought stress, but the light compensation point increased gradually. Narrower ecological amplitude of light and lower utilization rate of light energy arose as results of drought stress.(2) With the increase of drought stress, the transpiration rate decreased significantly. The water use efficiency(WUE) increased significantly under appropriate drought stress. WUE were much higher under mild and moderate drought stress compared with control and severe drought stress. Under mild and moderate drought stress, the decrease of P_n was mainly restricted by stomata, while the non-stomatal limitation was dominant under severe drought stress.(3) With the increase of drought stress, the maximum photochemical efficiency, the actual photochemical efficiency and the electron transport rate decreased significantly, but the non-photochemical quenching coefficient increased significantly, indicating an increasing heat dissipation of light energy. The leaves of P. sepium had a strong ability to adapt to drought stress by regulating photosynthetic efficiency, and showed a certain degree of plasticity and adaptability to drought stress habitat.
Water is the main limiting factor of vegetation growth in the Ridge of Shell Beach in the Yellow River Delta. Four year old Periploca sepium were used as experimental materials. Four soil water content levels, including control(soil relative water content, RWC=77.72%), mild(RWC=58.16%), moderate(RWC=42.98%) and severe drought stress(RWC=32.39%) groups, were set up to simulate drought stress in sand habitat formed from seashells. The light response of the leaf gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under different water conditions were measured and analyzed. The results showed as follows.(1) Water conditions could influence the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves in shell beach ridge significantly. With the increase of drought stress, the net photosynthetic rate(P_n) decreased significantly. Under severe drought stress, the minimum of P_n was 0.62 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), which was only 5% of the control. The apparent quantum yield, light saturation point and dark respiration rate decreased with the increase of drought stress, but the light compensation point increased gradually. Narrower ecological amplitude of light and lower utilization rate of light energy arose as results of drought stress.(2) With the increase of drought stress, the transpiration rate decreased significantly. The water use efficiency(WUE) increased significantly under appropriate drought stress. WUE were much higher under mild and moderate drought stress compared with control and severe drought stress. Under mild and moderate drought stress, the decrease of P_n was mainly restricted by stomata, while the non-stomatal limitation was dominant under severe drought stress.(3) With the increase of drought stress, the maximum photochemical efficiency, the actual photochemical efficiency and the electron transport rate decreased significantly, but the non-photochemical quenching coefficient increased significantly, indicating an increasing heat dissipation of light energy. The leaves of P. sepium had a strong ability to adapt to drought stress by regulating photosynthetic efficiency, and showed a certain degree of plasticity and adaptability to drought stress habitat.
引文
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[10] 苏华,李永庚,苏本营,等.地下水位下降对浑善达克沙地榆树光合及抗逆性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(3):177-186.
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[17] Xia J B,Zhang G C,Wang R R,et al.Effect of soil water availability on photosynthesis in Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosus in a sand habitat formed from seashells:comparison of four models[J].Photosynthetica,2014,52(2):253-261.
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[22] 董果,戴勐,赵勇,等.侧柏叶温及叶绿素荧光特性对土壤水分胁迫的响应[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(1):68-74.
[23] 高源,夏江宝,赵自国,等.模拟贝壳砂水分变化对旱柳光合特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(12):2467-2473.
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[26] Ye Z P.A new model for relationship between irradiance and the rate of photosynthesis in Oryza sativa[J].Photosynthetica,2007,45(4):637-640.
[27] 庞杰,张凤兰,郝丽珍,等.沙芥幼苗叶片解剖结构和光合作用对干旱胁迫的响应[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(4):575-581.
[28] 倪霞,周本志,曹永慧.干旱胁迫对植物光合生理影响研究进展[J].江苏林业科技,2017,44(2):34-39,52.
[29] 王琰,陈建文,狄晓艳.不同油松种源光合和荧光参数对水分胁迫的响应特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):7031-7038.
[30] 夏江宝,张光灿,孙景宽,等.山杏叶片光合生理参数对土壤水分和光照强度的阈值效应[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(3):322-329.
[31] 韩刚,赵忠.不同土壤水分下4种沙生灌木的光合光响应特性[J].生态学报,2010,30(15):4019-4026.
[32] 杨锐,郎莹,张光灿,等.野生酸枣光合及叶绿素荧光参数对土壤干旱胁迫的响应[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(5):922-931.
[33] 杨朝瀚,王艳云,周泽福,等.黄土丘陵区杠柳叶片气体交换过程对土壤水分的响应[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):231-234.
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