城市居民区土壤重金属含量高光谱反演研究
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摘要
为探讨运用土壤光谱估算城市居民区土壤重金属含量的可能性,以上海闵行居民区土壤重金属Cu、Pb、Zn元素为研究对象,通过采集土壤样本,分析土壤光谱信息,构建基于高光谱的土壤重金属多元线性逐步回归(MLSR)和偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型。结果表明:通过倒数一阶和对数一阶微分变换能有效增强土壤重金属的光谱特征;土壤Cu、Pb和Zn元素最优波段分别出现在1 042.7 nm、706.84 nm和1404.8 nm处;从模型稳定性和精确性来看,PLSR模型较优于MLSR模型。土壤Cu、Zn元素验证RMSE值仅为研究区该重金属含量均值的10%左右,拟合精度高。与Cu、Zn元素相比,Pb元素决定系数R~2在0.64～0.88,模型稳定性较好。通过对光谱数据的预处理,采用偏最小二乘回归模型可有效提高估算城市居民区土壤重金属含量的精度。
To explore the possibility of using soil spectral reflectance to estimate soil heavy metal content in urban residential area,this study chooses 30 soil samples of Cu,Pb and Zn in Minhang Residential area,Shanghai Province.Through the spectral factor transform to highlight its eigenvalues,constructed Multiple Linear Stepwise Regression(MLSR) model and Partial Least Squares Regression(PLSR) model based on spectral reflectance of soil heavy metals.The results show that the reciprocal first-order and the logarithmic first-order differential transformation can effectively enhance the heavy metal soil spectral characteristics.The best characteristic bands of Cu,Pb and Zn are 1042.7 nm、706.84 nm and 1404.8 nm.In terms of model stability and accuracy,PLSR model is better than MLSR model.The RMSE of Cu and Zn were only about 10% of the mean value of heavy metals in the study area,and the accuracy of the model was high.Compared with Cu and Zn,the R~2 of Pb is between 0.64～0.88 which with higher model stability.By preprocessing the spectral data,the partial least-squares regression can effectively improve the accuracy of estimating the heavy metal content in urban residential areas.
To explore the possibility of using soil spectral reflectance to estimate soil heavy metal content in urban residential area,this study chooses 30 soil samples of Cu,Pb and Zn in Minhang Residential area,Shanghai Province.Through the spectral factor transform to highlight its eigenvalues,constructed Multiple Linear Stepwise Regression(MLSR) model and Partial Least Squares Regression(PLSR) model based on spectral reflectance of soil heavy metals.The results show that the reciprocal first-order and the logarithmic first-order differential transformation can effectively enhance the heavy metal soil spectral characteristics.The best characteristic bands of Cu,Pb and Zn are 1042.7 nm、706.84 nm and 1404.8 nm.In terms of model stability and accuracy,PLSR model is better than MLSR model.The RMSE of Cu and Zn were only about 10% of the mean value of heavy metals in the study area,and the accuracy of the model was high.Compared with Cu and Zn,the R~2 of Pb is between 0.64～0.88 which with higher model stability.By preprocessing the spectral data,the partial least-squares regression can effectively improve the accuracy of estimating the heavy metal content in urban residential areas.
引文
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[13] Fu Juanlin,Zhang Mingkui,Li Renan.Forms and Acid-Solubility of Heavy Metals in the Soils from Residential Areas in Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2004,20(1):6-10.[符娟林,章明奎,厉仁安.杭州市居民区土壤重金属形态和酸可溶性研究[J].科技通报,2004,20(1):6-10.]
[14] He Junliang,Zhang Shuyuan,Cha Yong,et al.Review of Retrieving Soil Heavy Metal Content by Hyperspectral Remote Sensing[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2015,30(3):407-412.[贺军亮,张淑媛,查勇,等.高光谱遥感反演土壤重金属含量研究进展[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(3):407-412.]
[15] Guo Ying,Bi Rutian,Zheng Chao,et al.Review of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Retrieval of Soil Heavy Metals[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2018,31(1):67-72.[郭颖,毕如田,郑超,等.土壤重金属高光谱反演研究综述[J].环境科技,2018,31(1):67-72.]
[16] Ren Dong,Shen Jun,Ren Shun,et al.An X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Pretreatment Method for Detection of Heavy Metal Content in Soil[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2018,38(12):3934-3940.[任东,沈俊,任顺,等.一种面向土壤重金属含量检测的X射线荧光光谱预处理方法研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2018,38(12):3934-3940.]
[17] Lan Zeying,Liu Yang.Research on Hyperspectral Estimating Model and the Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metal Contents in Basin Soil of Lean River[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2015,31(3):26-31.[兰泽英,刘洋.乐安河流域土壤重金属含量高光谱间接反演模型及其空间分布特征研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015,31(3):26-31.]
[18] Li Shumin,Li Hong,Sun Danfeng,et al.Characteristic and Diagnostic Bands of Heavy Metals in Beijing Agricultural Soils based on Spectroscopy[J].Chinses Journal of Soil Science,2011,42(3):730-735.[李淑敏,李红,孙丹峰,等.利用光谱技术分析北京地区农业土壤重金属光谱特征[J].土壤通报,2011,42(3):730-735.]
[19] Wang Wei,Shen Runping,Ji Caoxiang.Study on Heavy Metal Cu based on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2011,26(3):348-354.[王维,沈润平,吉曹翔.基于高光谱的土壤重金属铜的反演研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2011,26(3):348-354.]
[20] Kooistra L,Wehrens R,Leuven R S E W,et al.Possibilities of Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the Assessment of Soil Contamination in River Floodplains[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2001,446(12):97-105.
[21] Wu Dengwei,Wu Yunzhao,Ma Hongrui.Study on the Prediction of Soil Heavy Metal Elements Content based on Mid-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2010,30(6):1498-1502.[邬登巍,吴昀昭,马宏瑞.基于中红外漫反射光谱的土壤重金属元素含量预测研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2010,30(6):1498-1502.]
[22] Pandit C M,Fieippelli G M,Li L.Estimation of Heavy-Metal Contamination in Soil Using Reflectance Spectroscopy and Partial Least-Squares Regression[M].London:Taylor & Francis,Inc.2010.
[23] Wang Lu,Lin Qizhong,Jia Dong,et al.Study on the Prediction of Soil Heavy Metal Elements Content based on Reflectance Spectra[J].Joural of Remote Sensing,2007,11(6):906-913.[王璐,蔺启忠,贾东,等.基于反射光谱预测土壤重金属元素含量的研究[J].遥感学报,2007,11(6):906-913.
[24] Kemper T,Sommer S.Estimate of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils After a Mining Accident Using Reflectance Spectroscopy[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2002,36(12):2742.
[25] Wu Mingzhu,Li Xiaomei,Sha Jinming.Spectral Inversion Models for Prediction of Total Chromium Content in Subtropical Soil[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2014,34(6):1660-1666.[吴明珠,李小梅,沙晋明.亚热带土壤铬元素的高光谱响应和反演模型[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(6):1660-1666.]
[26] Liu M,Liu X,Wu M,et al.Integrating Spectral Indices with Environmental Parameters for Estimating Heavy Metal Concentrations in Rice Using a Dynamic Fuzzy Neural-Network Model[J].Computers & Geosciences,2011,37(10):1642-1652.
[27] Jiang Iunyan,Huang Xing,Li Xiuzhen,et al.Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Tidal Wetland and Its Relationships with Soil Physico-Chemical Factors:A Case Study of Dongtan of Chongqing,Shanghai[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(4):540-547.[姜俊彦,黄星,李秀珍,等.潮滩湿地土壤有机碳储量及其与土壤理化因子的关系——以崇明东滩为例[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):540-547.]
[28] Pang Jinhua.The Evaluation of Metal Elements Pollution in Soils and Crops in the Suburbs of Shanghai[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,1994,8(1):20-26.[庞金华.上海郊县土壤和农作物中金属元素的污染评价[J].植物资源与环境,1994,8(1):20-26.]
[2] Juhasz A L,Weber J,Smith E.Impact of Soil Particle Size and Bioaccessibility on Children and Adult Lead Exposure in Peri-Urban Contaminated Soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,186(2-3):1870-1879.
[3] Oliver M A,Gregory P J.Soil,Food Security and Human Health:A Review[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2015,66(2):257-276.
[4] Chen Xiuduan,Lu Xinwei.Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in the Urban Topsoil Collected from Residential Area in Xi’an City[J].Chinses Journal of Soil Science,2017,48(4):961-968.[陈秀端,卢新卫.西安城市居民区土壤重金属健康风险评价[J].土壤通报,2017,48(4):961-968.]
[5] Tao Xiuzhen,Tang Changyuan,Wu Pan,et al.Distribution and Food Exposure Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Inmature Rice on the Coal Mining Area,Guizhou[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2017,26(7):1216-1220.[陶秀珍,唐常源,吴攀,等.贵州煤矿区成熟期水稻中重金属的分布特征及风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(7):1216-1220.]
[6] Liu Yunlong,Zhang Lijia,Zhuang Tengfei,et al.Spatial Variability and Distribution of Soil Cu,Zn and Pb in Gradient Urban-Transect[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(7):1207-1213.[柳云龙,章立佳,庄腾飞,等.“城郊乡”梯度下土壤Cu、Zn、Pb含量的空间变异特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(7):1207-1213.]
[7] Guo Wei,Sun Wenhui,Zhao Renxin,et al.Characteristic and Evaluation of Soil Pollution by Heavy Metal in Different Functional Zones of Hohhot[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1561-1567.[郭伟,孙文惠,赵仁鑫,等.呼和浩特市不同功能区土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1561-1567.]
[8] Wu Xinmin,Li Lianqing,Pan Genxing,et al.Soil Pollution of Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd in Different City Zones of Nanjing[J].Environmental Science,2003,24(3):105-111.[吴新民,李恋卿,潘根兴,等.南京市不同功能城区土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的污染特征[J].环境科学,2003,24(3):105-111.]
[9] Liu Mengmei,Wang Lijun,Wang Li,et al.Concentration and Ecological Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals of Soil in Different Functional Areas in Xi’an,China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2018,49(1):167-175.[刘梦梅,王利军,王丽,等.西安市不同功能区土壤重金属含量及生态健康风险评价[J].土壤通报,2018,49(1):167-175.]
[10] Li Xiaoyan,Liu Yanqing.Heavy Metals and Their Sources in Outdoor Settled Dusts in Different Function Areas of Cities Environmental Science[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(9):3648-3653.[李晓燕,刘艳青.我国城市不同功能区地表灰尘重金属分布及来源[J].环境科学,2013,34(9):3648-3653.]
[11] Liu Yana,Zhu Shufa,Wei Xuefeng,et al.Assessment and Pollution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soil of Different Functional Areas in Luoyang[J].Environmental Scienc,2016,37(6):2322-2328.[刘亚纳,朱书法,魏学锋,等.河南洛阳市不同功能区土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2322-2328.]
[12] Zhang Mingkui,Fu Juanlin,Huang Changyong.Chemical Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Their Relationaships with Acid Buffer Capacity of Soils in Residential Sites in Hangzhou City[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2005,42(1):44-51.[章明奎,符娟林,黄昌勇.杭州市居民区土壤重金属的化学特性及其与酸缓冲性的关系[J].土壤学报,2005,42(1):44-51.]
[13] Fu Juanlin,Zhang Mingkui,Li Renan.Forms and Acid-Solubility of Heavy Metals in the Soils from Residential Areas in Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2004,20(1):6-10.[符娟林,章明奎,厉仁安.杭州市居民区土壤重金属形态和酸可溶性研究[J].科技通报,2004,20(1):6-10.]
[14] He Junliang,Zhang Shuyuan,Cha Yong,et al.Review of Retrieving Soil Heavy Metal Content by Hyperspectral Remote Sensing[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2015,30(3):407-412.[贺军亮,张淑媛,查勇,等.高光谱遥感反演土壤重金属含量研究进展[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(3):407-412.]
[15] Guo Ying,Bi Rutian,Zheng Chao,et al.Review of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Retrieval of Soil Heavy Metals[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2018,31(1):67-72.[郭颖,毕如田,郑超,等.土壤重金属高光谱反演研究综述[J].环境科技,2018,31(1):67-72.]
[16] Ren Dong,Shen Jun,Ren Shun,et al.An X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Pretreatment Method for Detection of Heavy Metal Content in Soil[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2018,38(12):3934-3940.[任东,沈俊,任顺,等.一种面向土壤重金属含量检测的X射线荧光光谱预处理方法研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2018,38(12):3934-3940.]
[17] Lan Zeying,Liu Yang.Research on Hyperspectral Estimating Model and the Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metal Contents in Basin Soil of Lean River[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2015,31(3):26-31.[兰泽英,刘洋.乐安河流域土壤重金属含量高光谱间接反演模型及其空间分布特征研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015,31(3):26-31.]
[18] Li Shumin,Li Hong,Sun Danfeng,et al.Characteristic and Diagnostic Bands of Heavy Metals in Beijing Agricultural Soils based on Spectroscopy[J].Chinses Journal of Soil Science,2011,42(3):730-735.[李淑敏,李红,孙丹峰,等.利用光谱技术分析北京地区农业土壤重金属光谱特征[J].土壤通报,2011,42(3):730-735.]
[19] Wang Wei,Shen Runping,Ji Caoxiang.Study on Heavy Metal Cu based on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2011,26(3):348-354.[王维,沈润平,吉曹翔.基于高光谱的土壤重金属铜的反演研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2011,26(3):348-354.]
[20] Kooistra L,Wehrens R,Leuven R S E W,et al.Possibilities of Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the Assessment of Soil Contamination in River Floodplains[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2001,446(12):97-105.
[21] Wu Dengwei,Wu Yunzhao,Ma Hongrui.Study on the Prediction of Soil Heavy Metal Elements Content based on Mid-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2010,30(6):1498-1502.[邬登巍,吴昀昭,马宏瑞.基于中红外漫反射光谱的土壤重金属元素含量预测研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2010,30(6):1498-1502.]
[22] Pandit C M,Fieippelli G M,Li L.Estimation of Heavy-Metal Contamination in Soil Using Reflectance Spectroscopy and Partial Least-Squares Regression[M].London:Taylor & Francis,Inc.2010.
[23] Wang Lu,Lin Qizhong,Jia Dong,et al.Study on the Prediction of Soil Heavy Metal Elements Content based on Reflectance Spectra[J].Joural of Remote Sensing,2007,11(6):906-913.[王璐,蔺启忠,贾东,等.基于反射光谱预测土壤重金属元素含量的研究[J].遥感学报,2007,11(6):906-913.
[24] Kemper T,Sommer S.Estimate of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils After a Mining Accident Using Reflectance Spectroscopy[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2002,36(12):2742.
[25] Wu Mingzhu,Li Xiaomei,Sha Jinming.Spectral Inversion Models for Prediction of Total Chromium Content in Subtropical Soil[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2014,34(6):1660-1666.[吴明珠,李小梅,沙晋明.亚热带土壤铬元素的高光谱响应和反演模型[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(6):1660-1666.]
[26] Liu M,Liu X,Wu M,et al.Integrating Spectral Indices with Environmental Parameters for Estimating Heavy Metal Concentrations in Rice Using a Dynamic Fuzzy Neural-Network Model[J].Computers & Geosciences,2011,37(10):1642-1652.
[27] Jiang Iunyan,Huang Xing,Li Xiuzhen,et al.Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Tidal Wetland and Its Relationships with Soil Physico-Chemical Factors:A Case Study of Dongtan of Chongqing,Shanghai[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(4):540-547.[姜俊彦,黄星,李秀珍,等.潮滩湿地土壤有机碳储量及其与土壤理化因子的关系——以崇明东滩为例[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):540-547.]
[28] Pang Jinhua.The Evaluation of Metal Elements Pollution in Soils and Crops in the Suburbs of Shanghai[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,1994,8(1):20-26.[庞金华.上海郊县土壤和农作物中金属元素的污染评价[J].植物资源与环境,1994,8(1):20-26.]
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