土族生物资源利用相关的传统知识多样性
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摘要
生物资源利用相关的传统知识是对生物资源进行识别和利用的传统知识系统。随着现代生物技术的发展,这类传统知识显示出其在科学、经济、文化乃至粮食安全战略方面的价值。本研究根据《生物多样性相关传统知识分类、调查与编目技术规定(试行)》,对我国青海省土族聚集区的土族生物资源利用相关的传统知识进行了系统调查与编目,并借鉴生物多样性测度方法,创建了传统知识多样性指数计算方法,对土族生物资源利用相关传统知识多样性进行分析。结果如下:(1)编目现存的土族生物资源利用相关的传统知识词条共424条;(2)土族传统知识的α多样性指数DTK=0.67,表明其传统知识多样性较高;土族传统知识的βwtk多样性指数在不同的县域差异较大,表明其在县域之间存在差异,在空间上分布不连续、不均匀。本研究利用生物多样性指数验证了传统知识的定量研究方法,说明传统知识多样性指数不仅可用于定量研究表征区域传统知识的多样性,揭示不同空间区域内的分布特征,还可为未来构建传统知识的定量研究体系提供重要的参考依据。
Traditional knowledge(TK) related to the utilization of biological resources is a knowledge system for identifying and utilizing biological resources. With the development of modern biotechnology, TK highlights its values of science, economy, culture and even food security. In accordance with the Technical Regulations on Classification, Investigation and Documentation of Traditional Knowledge Related to Biodiversity(Trial Version), this study conducted the systematic investigation and documentation of the TK related to the utilization of biological resources by Tu nationality in different ethnic agglomeration areas in Qinghai Province, and applied biodiversity index to TK diversity analysis. The results show that:(1) 424 items of TK of Tu nationality's utilization of biological resources have been documented.(2) The α diversity index(DTK) of TK of Tu nationality is 0.67, which indicates that the diversity of TK of Tu nationality is high; but the β diversity index of TK varies in different counties, indicating that the TK of Tu nationality has unique spatial distribution in different areas with uneven and patchy characteristics. This study applied biodiversity index to TK diversity analysis and verified with the TK of Tu nationality as an example. It could be concluded that the diversity index of TK could not only objectively and practically quantify the diversity of TK but also provide the fundamental basis for establishing a quantitative research methodology of TK in the future.
Traditional knowledge(TK) related to the utilization of biological resources is a knowledge system for identifying and utilizing biological resources. With the development of modern biotechnology, TK highlights its values of science, economy, culture and even food security. In accordance with the Technical Regulations on Classification, Investigation and Documentation of Traditional Knowledge Related to Biodiversity(Trial Version), this study conducted the systematic investigation and documentation of the TK related to the utilization of biological resources by Tu nationality in different ethnic agglomeration areas in Qinghai Province, and applied biodiversity index to TK diversity analysis. The results show that:(1) 424 items of TK of Tu nationality's utilization of biological resources have been documented.(2) The α diversity index(DTK) of TK of Tu nationality is 0.67, which indicates that the diversity of TK of Tu nationality is high; but the β diversity index of TK varies in different counties, indicating that the TK of Tu nationality has unique spatial distribution in different areas with uneven and patchy characteristics. This study applied biodiversity index to TK diversity analysis and verified with the TK of Tu nationality as an example. It could be concluded that the diversity index of TK could not only objectively and practically quantify the diversity of TK but also provide the fundamental basis for establishing a quantitative research methodology of TK in the future.
引文
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Jasmine B,Singh Y,Onial M(2016)Traditional knowledge systems in India for biodiversity conservation.Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge,15,304-312.
Lebel L(2013)Local knowledge and adaptation to climate change in natural resource-based societies of the Asia-Pacific.Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,18,1057-1076.
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Ostrom E(2009)A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems.Science,325,419-422.
Pei LL(2007)A Study on the Inheritance and Change of Tu Culture.PhD dissertation,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou.(in Chinese with English abstract)[裴丽丽(2007)土族文化传承与变迁研究.博士学位论文,兰州大学,兰州.]
Rivera-Ferre MG,Masso MD,Vara I,Cuellar M,Calle A,Mailhos M(2016)Local agriculture traditional knowledge to ensure food availability in a changing climate:Revisiting water management practices in the Indo-gangetic Plains.Journal of Sustainable Agriculture,40,965-987.
Sen S,Chakraborty R,De B(2011)An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by ethnic people in west and south district of Tripura,India.Journal of Forestry Research,22,417-426.
Ullah M,Khan MU,Mahmood A(2013)An ethnobotanical survey of indigenous medicinal plants in Wana District south Waziristan Agency,Pakistan.Journal of Ethnopharmacology,150,918-924.
Wu T,Petriello MA(2011)Culture and biodiversity losses linked.Science,331,30-31.
Wang GP,Min QW,Cheng G,Xue DY(2019)The traditional village cultural landscape and change in Tu Nationality.Research on Heritages and Preservation,(4),57-64.(in Chinese with English abstract)[王国萍,闵庆文,成功,薛达元(2019)土族传统村落文化景观及其变迁研究.遗产与保护研究,(4),57-64.]
Xue DY(2009)Traditional Technology for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Biodiversity in Ethnic Areas.China Environmental Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[薛达元(2009)民族地区保护与持续利用生物多样性的传统技术.中国环境科学出版社,北京.]
Xue DY,Guo L(2009a)Protection and benefit-sharing of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge in the ethnic areas of China.Resources Science,31,919-925.(in Chinese with English abstract)[薛达元,郭泺(2009a)中国民族地区遗传资源及传统知识的保护与惠益分享.资源科学,31,919-925.]
Xue DY,Guo L(2009b)Conception and protection of traditional knowledge.Biodiversity Science,17,135-142.(in Chinese with English abstract)[薛达元,郭泺(2009b)论传统知识的概念与保护.生物多样性,17,135-142.]
Xue DY,Zhao FW,Wu JY(2014)Access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge.Science,66(2),32-35.(in Chinese with English abstract)[薛达元,赵富伟,武建勇(2014)遗传资源及相关传统知识的获取与惠益分享.科学,66(2),32-35.]
Yang TS(2004)The ecological value of local knowledge.Journal of Jishou University(Social Science Edition),25(3),23-29.(in Chinese)[杨庭硕(2004)论地方性知识的生态价值.吉首大学学报(社会科学版),25(3),23-29.]
Zhao FW,Wu JY,Xue DY(2013)Background,progress and prospect of traditional knowledge under the Convention on Biological Diversity.Biodiversity Science,21,232-237.(in Chinese with English abstract)[赵富伟,武建勇,薛达元(2013)《生物多样性公约》传统知识议题的背景、进展与趋势.生物多样性,21,232-237.]
(1)王国萍(2018)土族传统知识与村落文化景观研究.硕士学位论文,中央民族大学,北京.
(1)王国萍(2018)土族传统知识与村落文化景观研究.硕士学位论文,中央民族大学,北京.
Ellis SC(2005)Meaningful consideration?A review of traditional knowledge in environmental decision making.Arctic,58,66-77.
Jasmine B,Singh Y,Onial M(2016)Traditional knowledge systems in India for biodiversity conservation.Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge,15,304-312.
Lebel L(2013)Local knowledge and adaptation to climate change in natural resource-based societies of the Asia-Pacific.Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,18,1057-1076.
Li JW(2010)A review of the studies of the minority’s traditional knowledge in recent ten years.Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Social Science),(1),47-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李技文(2010)近十年来我国少数民族传统知识研究述评.贵州师范大学学报(社会科学版),(1),47-55.]
Li ZN,Ding BF(2004)Tu Nationality:Investigation of Dazhuang Village in Huzhu County,Qinghai Province.Yunnan University Press,Kunming.(in Chinese)[李志农,丁柏峰(2004)土族:青海互助县大庄村调查.云南大学出版社,昆明.]
Ostrom E(2009)A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems.Science,325,419-422.
Pei LL(2007)A Study on the Inheritance and Change of Tu Culture.PhD dissertation,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou.(in Chinese with English abstract)[裴丽丽(2007)土族文化传承与变迁研究.博士学位论文,兰州大学,兰州.]
Rivera-Ferre MG,Masso MD,Vara I,Cuellar M,Calle A,Mailhos M(2016)Local agriculture traditional knowledge to ensure food availability in a changing climate:Revisiting water management practices in the Indo-gangetic Plains.Journal of Sustainable Agriculture,40,965-987.
Sen S,Chakraborty R,De B(2011)An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by ethnic people in west and south district of Tripura,India.Journal of Forestry Research,22,417-426.
Ullah M,Khan MU,Mahmood A(2013)An ethnobotanical survey of indigenous medicinal plants in Wana District south Waziristan Agency,Pakistan.Journal of Ethnopharmacology,150,918-924.
Wu T,Petriello MA(2011)Culture and biodiversity losses linked.Science,331,30-31.
Wang GP,Min QW,Cheng G,Xue DY(2019)The traditional village cultural landscape and change in Tu Nationality.Research on Heritages and Preservation,(4),57-64.(in Chinese with English abstract)[王国萍,闵庆文,成功,薛达元(2019)土族传统村落文化景观及其变迁研究.遗产与保护研究,(4),57-64.]
Xue DY(2009)Traditional Technology for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Biodiversity in Ethnic Areas.China Environmental Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[薛达元(2009)民族地区保护与持续利用生物多样性的传统技术.中国环境科学出版社,北京.]
Xue DY,Guo L(2009a)Protection and benefit-sharing of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge in the ethnic areas of China.Resources Science,31,919-925.(in Chinese with English abstract)[薛达元,郭泺(2009a)中国民族地区遗传资源及传统知识的保护与惠益分享.资源科学,31,919-925.]
Xue DY,Guo L(2009b)Conception and protection of traditional knowledge.Biodiversity Science,17,135-142.(in Chinese with English abstract)[薛达元,郭泺(2009b)论传统知识的概念与保护.生物多样性,17,135-142.]
Xue DY,Zhao FW,Wu JY(2014)Access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge.Science,66(2),32-35.(in Chinese with English abstract)[薛达元,赵富伟,武建勇(2014)遗传资源及相关传统知识的获取与惠益分享.科学,66(2),32-35.]
Yang TS(2004)The ecological value of local knowledge.Journal of Jishou University(Social Science Edition),25(3),23-29.(in Chinese)[杨庭硕(2004)论地方性知识的生态价值.吉首大学学报(社会科学版),25(3),23-29.]
Zhao FW,Wu JY,Xue DY(2013)Background,progress and prospect of traditional knowledge under the Convention on Biological Diversity.Biodiversity Science,21,232-237.(in Chinese with English abstract)[赵富伟,武建勇,薛达元(2013)《生物多样性公约》传统知识议题的背景、进展与趋势.生物多样性,21,232-237.]
(1)王国萍(2018)土族传统知识与村落文化景观研究.硕士学位论文,中央民族大学,北京.
(1)王国萍(2018)土族传统知识与村落文化景观研究.硕士学位论文,中央民族大学,北京.
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