济南市冬季某高校宿舍室内空气质量调查
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摘要
通过长时间监测济南市冬季某高校宿舍内干球温度、相对湿度、CO_2、PM2.5、PM10、甲醛和TVOC浓度的变化规律并结合调查问卷统计结果,得出结论:本次研究的宿舍室内休息区空气质量(IAQ)基本符合国家标准,宿舍散热器供热稳定,基本满足室内休息区热负荷要求。由于冬季宿舍门窗开启频率较低且时间较短,导致宿舍空气不流通,同时宿舍人员密集存在卫生间和垃圾异味等原因使得部分在室人员会主观感觉不舒服。冬季大部分宿舍通风量较小,开窗通风能显著提高夜间睡眠时段IAQ水平。由于缺少自然通风,走廊北侧宿舍IAQ劣于南侧宿舍,冬季室外雾霾天气下室外颗粒物浓度上升,导致室内休息区颗粒物浓度也大幅上升,没有人为干预的情况下使室内休息区颗粒物浓度恢复到国家规定的标准值以下需较长时间,由此提出加强宿舍门窗通风和优化宿舍设计等一系列改善冬季宿舍IAQ的建议。
A long-term field test is conducted to measure the dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, CO_2, PM2.5, PM10, formaldehyde and TVOC concentrations in the dormitory of Shandong Jianzhu University combined with the statistical results of the survey questionnaire. Results are presented as follows: the indoor air quality(IAQ) of the indoor rest area of the dormitory of this study basically conforms to the national standard, the heat supply of the dormitory radiator is stable, and the heat load of the indoor rest area is basically satisfied. Due to the low winter dormitory doors′ and windows′ opening frequency and shorter opening period, the bad air circulation is resulted. In addition, the toilet and garbage smell makes part of subjective feeling uncomfortable in room. Most of the dormitories in winter have a small amount of ventilation, and ventilation through windows can significantly improve the IAQ at night. Due to the lack of natural ventilation, the IAQ of dormitories on the north side of the corridor is inferior to the one in the dormitories of the south side. The haze weather in winter causes the concentration of outdoor particulate matter rise, and the concentration of particulate matter in indoor rest areas also increased significantly and without human intervention. It will take a long time for indoor rest area particulate concentration to return below the national standard. According to the results of the study, a series of suggestions on improving IAQ of winter dormitory were proposed, such as strengthening the ventilation of dormitory doors and windows, and optimizing the design of dormitory.
A long-term field test is conducted to measure the dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, CO_2, PM2.5, PM10, formaldehyde and TVOC concentrations in the dormitory of Shandong Jianzhu University combined with the statistical results of the survey questionnaire. Results are presented as follows: the indoor air quality(IAQ) of the indoor rest area of the dormitory of this study basically conforms to the national standard, the heat supply of the dormitory radiator is stable, and the heat load of the indoor rest area is basically satisfied. Due to the low winter dormitory doors′ and windows′ opening frequency and shorter opening period, the bad air circulation is resulted. In addition, the toilet and garbage smell makes part of subjective feeling uncomfortable in room. Most of the dormitories in winter have a small amount of ventilation, and ventilation through windows can significantly improve the IAQ at night. Due to the lack of natural ventilation, the IAQ of dormitories on the north side of the corridor is inferior to the one in the dormitories of the south side. The haze weather in winter causes the concentration of outdoor particulate matter rise, and the concentration of particulate matter in indoor rest areas also increased significantly and without human intervention. It will take a long time for indoor rest area particulate concentration to return below the national standard. According to the results of the study, a series of suggestions on improving IAQ of winter dormitory were proposed, such as strengthening the ventilation of dormitory doors and windows, and optimizing the design of dormitory.
引文
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[11]SUN Y,ZHANG Y,BAO L.Ventilation and dampness in dorms and their associations with allergy among college students in china:a case-control study[J].Indoor Air,2011,21(4):277-283.
[12]施珊珊,纪文静,赵彬.不同通风形式下住宅内细颗粒物质量浓度及室内暴露量的模拟及比较[J].暖通空调,2013,43(12):34-38.SHI Shan-shan,JI Wen-jing,ZHAO Bin.Comparison of indoor concentration of and exposure to PM2.5 between residences with different ventilation modes based on simulation[J].Journal of HV & AC,2013,43(12):34-38.(in Chinese)
[13]张金萍,赵文君,王玉欢,等.住宅室内外环境中PM2.5的污染特征及相关性研究[J].建筑科学,2017,33(8):9-16.ZHANG Jin-ping,ZHAO Wen-jun,WANG Yu-huan,et al.Study on Pollution Characteristics and Correlation of PM2.5 in Indoor and Outdoor residential Environments[J].Building Science,2017,33(8):9-16.(in Chinese)
[14]GB/T 18883—2002,室内空气质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.GB/T 18883—2002,Indoor Air Quality Standard.Beijing:Standards Press of China,2002.(in Chinese)
[15]GB 3095—2012,环境空气质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.GB 3095—2012,Ambient air quality standards.Beijing:Standards Press of China,2012.(in Chinese)
[2]徐文华.室内空气品质与通风[J].制冷与空调,2015,15(10):72-83.XU Wen-hua.Indoor air quality and ventilation[J].Refrigeration and Air-conditioning,2015,15(10):72-83.(in Chinese)
[3]Li Lan,Li Pan,Zhiwei Lian,et al.Experimental study on thermal comfort of sleeping people at different air temperatures[J].Building and Environment,2014,(73):24-31.
[4]SEKHAR SC,GOH SE.Thermal comfort and iaq characteristics of naturally/mechanically ventilated and air-conditioned bedrooms in a hot and humid climate[J].Building and Environment,2011,46(10):1905-1916.
[5]吕留根,徐玉梅,张培,等.洛阳某高校宿舍感知空气品质调查与评价[J].建筑热能通风空调,2011,30(2):25-27.LV Liu-gen,XU Yu-mei,ZHANG Pei,et al.Investigation and Assessment on Perceive Air Quality of University Dormitory in Luoyang[J].Building Energy & Environment,2011,30(2):25-27.(in Chinese)
[6]马丽,王立鑫,汪丹丹,等.秦皇岛市冬季某高校宿舍空气质量调查研究[J].建筑节能,2016,44(9):81-83.MA Li,WANG Li-xin,WANG Dan-dan,et al.Investigation of Indoor Air Quality at Dormitories of a University in Qinhuangdao City in Winter[J].Journal of Building Energy Effciency,2016,44(9):81-83.(in Chinese)
[7]BATTERMAN S,SU F‐C,WALD A,et al.Ventilation rates in recently constructed u.s.school classrooms[J].Indoor Air,2017,27(5):880-890.
[8]何丹峰.建筑开口与朝向对住宅室内自然通风影响的研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2016.HE Dan-feng.Study on Influence of Building Opening and Orientation on Natural Ventilation in Residential Buildings[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University,2016.(in Chinese)
[9]孙越霞.宿舍环境因素与大学生过敏性疾病关系的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008.SUN Yue-xia.On the Association between Dorm Environmental Factors and Allergies among College Students[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2008.(in Chinese)
[10]孙越霞,侯静,王攀,等.宿舍通风量对感冒疾病传播的影响[J].暖通空调,2016,46(2):37-40.SUN Yue-xia,HOU Jing,WANG Pan,et al.Effect of dormitories’ ventilation rates on spead of common cold[J].Journal of HV & AC,2016,46(2):37-40.(in Chinese)
[11]SUN Y,ZHANG Y,BAO L.Ventilation and dampness in dorms and their associations with allergy among college students in china:a case-control study[J].Indoor Air,2011,21(4):277-283.
[12]施珊珊,纪文静,赵彬.不同通风形式下住宅内细颗粒物质量浓度及室内暴露量的模拟及比较[J].暖通空调,2013,43(12):34-38.SHI Shan-shan,JI Wen-jing,ZHAO Bin.Comparison of indoor concentration of and exposure to PM2.5 between residences with different ventilation modes based on simulation[J].Journal of HV & AC,2013,43(12):34-38.(in Chinese)
[13]张金萍,赵文君,王玉欢,等.住宅室内外环境中PM2.5的污染特征及相关性研究[J].建筑科学,2017,33(8):9-16.ZHANG Jin-ping,ZHAO Wen-jun,WANG Yu-huan,et al.Study on Pollution Characteristics and Correlation of PM2.5 in Indoor and Outdoor residential Environments[J].Building Science,2017,33(8):9-16.(in Chinese)
[14]GB/T 18883—2002,室内空气质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.GB/T 18883—2002,Indoor Air Quality Standard.Beijing:Standards Press of China,2002.(in Chinese)
[15]GB 3095—2012,环境空气质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.GB 3095—2012,Ambient air quality standards.Beijing:Standards Press of China,2012.(in Chinese)