喀斯特坡地拉巴豆地埂篱根及根-土复合体力学特性
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摘要
为探索地埂篱在喀斯特坡地水土保持中的价值,在重庆市酉阳县喀斯特顺层坡种植拉巴豆地埂篱,通过对根系灰度扫描、化学成分(木质素、纤维素、半纤维素)测定,单根抗拉试验和根-土复合体抗剪/冲试验,分析拉巴豆地埂篱根及根-土复合体的力学特性及影响因素。结果表明:(1)拉巴豆根系全根指标根长、根表面积、根体积、根重均表现为中坡>下坡>上坡,优势径级为0.0强度29.57 MPa。极限抗拉力与木质素含量呈对数函数正相关、与木质素/纤维素(木纤比)呈线性正相关,抗拉强度与纤维素含量、木纤比分别为对数函数正相关和负相关。(3)上坡位抗剪土样的根体积密度、根重密度和木纤比显著大于中、下坡;而抗冲土样的根体积密度、根重密度、纤维素和半纤维素含量则中坡较优,但不显著。(4)根系能有效提高土体抗剪性能,根-土复合体的内摩擦角与粘聚力均较对照裸地高,但仅上坡粘聚力存在显著性差异(较对照增大45.67%)。内摩擦角和抗冲指数均中坡、下坡较优,粘聚力最优值位于上坡位。根-土复合体的力学特性主要受根体积、根重、根表面积密度和纤维素的影响。综上,拉巴豆根及根-土复合体的力学特性主要贡献径级为0.0强,但抗冲性能较弱。在推广拉巴豆地埂篱时,尽量种植于地势较低缓的中、下坡,更能凸显水土保持效益。
To explore the effect of Dolichos lablab L. hedgerows on soil and water conservation, we planted Dolichos lablab L. at up, middle, and down slopes at bedding slopes of the karst valley in Youyang Chongqing. The roots and root-soil matrix were sampled. The mechanical properties of roots, soil anti-scourability, and soil shear strength of root-soil matrix were tested. To find the factors affecting mechanical properties, we scanned root grayscale and tested root chemical compositions(lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose), and also performed correlation analysis. The results showed that:(1) The whole root parameters(root length, root surface area, root volume, and root weight) had the highest value in the middle slope portion, followed by down slope portion; the corresponding value of the up slope portion was minimum. Root dominant diameter was in the range of 0.0
To explore the effect of Dolichos lablab L. hedgerows on soil and water conservation, we planted Dolichos lablab L. at up, middle, and down slopes at bedding slopes of the karst valley in Youyang Chongqing. The roots and root-soil matrix were sampled. The mechanical properties of roots, soil anti-scourability, and soil shear strength of root-soil matrix were tested. To find the factors affecting mechanical properties, we scanned root grayscale and tested root chemical compositions(lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose), and also performed correlation analysis. The results showed that:(1) The whole root parameters(root length, root surface area, root volume, and root weight) had the highest value in the middle slope portion, followed by down slope portion; the corresponding value of the up slope portion was minimum. Root dominant diameter was in the range of 0.0
引文
[1] 贾金田,付智勇,陈洪松,王克林,周卫军.喀斯特坡地基岩起伏对土壤剖面水分格局的影响.应用生态学报,2016,27(6):1708- 1714.
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[5] 谌芸.植物篱对紫色土水土特性的效应及作用机理[D].重庆:西南大学,2012:122.
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[7] 苏樑,宋同清,杜虎,曾馥平,王华,彭晚霞,张芳,张家涌.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复阶段细根生物量、形态特征及其影响因素.应用生态学报,2018,29(3):783- 789.
[8] 邓佳.南方红壤区常见草本根土复合体生物力学抗蚀机理研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015:81.
[9] 李建兴.三峡库区不同护坡草本植物根系的固土抗蚀效应研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2013:72.
[10] 谌芸,何丙辉,练彩霞,刘志鹏,彭石磊.三峡库区陡坡根-土复合体抗冲性能.生态学报,2016,36(16):5173- 5181.
[11] Kanani J,Lukefahr S D,Stanko R L.Evaluation of tropical forage legumes (Medicago sativa,Dolichos lablab,Leucaena leucocephala and Desmanthus bicornutus) for growing goats.Small Ruminant Research,2006,65(1/2):1- 7.
[12] 韩玉竹.拉巴豆优良根瘤菌的筛选及接种效应研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2012:142.
[13] Hales T C,Ford C R,Hwang T,Vose J M,Band L E.Topographic and ecologic controls on root reinforcement.Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface,2009,114(F3):F03013.
[14] Zhang C B,Chen L H,Jiang J.Why fine tree roots are stronger than thicker roots:the role of cellulose and lignin in relation to slope stability.Geomorphology,2014,206:196- 202.
[15] 吕春娟,陈丽华.华北典型植被根系抗拉力学特性及其与主要化学成分关系.农业工程学报,2013,29(23):69- 78.
[16] 朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,李国荣,张兴玲,陈桂琛.护坡植物根系力学特性与其解剖结构关系.农业工程学报,2009,25(5):40- 46.
[17] 赵丽兵,张宝贵.紫花苜蓿和马唐根的生物力学性能及相关因素的试验研究.农业工程学报,2007,23(9):7- 12.
[18] 田佳,曹兵,及金楠,李才华,朱莉,马尼园.防风固沙灌木花棒沙柳根系生物力学特性.农业工程学报,2014,30(23):192- 198.
[19] 伯姆 W.根系研究法.薛德榕,谭协麟,译.北京:科学出版社,1985:231.
[20] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.土壤物理性质测定法.北京:科学出版社,1978.
[21] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:211- 212.
[22] 波钦诺克X H.植物生物化学分析方法.荆家海,丁钟荣,译.北京:科学出版社,1981:173- 176.
[23] Lin S Y,Dence C W.Methods in Lignin Chemistry.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,1992.
[24] Lateh H,Avani N,Bibalani G H.Tensile strength and root distribution of Acacia mangium and Macaranga tanarius at spatial variation(case study:east-west highway,Malaysia).International Journal of Biosciences,2015,6(7):18- 28.
[25] Zegeye A D,Langendoen E J,Tilahun S A,Mekuria W,Poesen J,Steenhuis T S.Root reinforcement to soils provided by common Ethiopian highland plants for gully erosion control.Ecohydrology,2018,11(6):e1940.
[26] Bischetti G B,Chiaradia E A,Simonato T,Speziali B,Vitali B,Vullo P,Zocco A.Root strength and root area ratio of forest species in Lombardy (northern Italy).Plant and Soil,2005,278(1/2):11- 22.
[27] 梁千慧.不同水分条件下黑麦草对喀斯特土壤深度的生长与生理响应[D].重庆:西南大学,2016:73.
[28] 刘锦春,钟章成.水分胁迫和复水对石灰岩地区柏木幼苗根系生长的影响.生态学报,2009,29(12):6439- 6445.
[29] Genet M,Li M C,Luo T X,Fourcaud T,Clément-Vidal A,Stokes A.Linking carbon supply to root cell-wall chemistry and mechanics at high altitudes in Abies georgei.Annals of Botany,2011,107(2):311- 320.
[30] Genet M,Stokes A,Salin F,Mickovski S B,Fourcaud T,Dumail J F,van Beek R.The influence of cellulose content on tensile strength in tree roots//Proceedings of the First International Conference on Eco-Engineering..Dordrecht:Springer Netherlands,2007:3- 11.
[31] Ji J N,Kokutse N,Genet M,Fourcaud T,Zhang Z Q.Effect of spatial variation of tree root characteristics on slope stability.A case study on Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and Arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis) stands on the Loess Plateau,China.Catena,2012,92:139- 154.
[32] 叶超,郭忠录,蔡崇法,闫峰陵,马中浩.5种草本植物根系理化特性及其相关性.草业科学,2017,34(3):598- 606.
[33] Abdi E,Azhdari F,Abdulkhani A,Soofi Mariv H.Tensile strength and cellulose content of Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica) roots as bioengineering material.Journal of Forest Science,2014,60(10):425- 430.
[34] 李谦,周本智,安艳飞,徐升华.绿竹根系分布及生物力学性质.应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1319- 1326.
[35] 宗全利,冯博,蔡杭兵,陈志康,王建新.塔里木河流域河岸植被根系护坡的力学机制.岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(5):1290- 1300.
[36] 史东梅,陈晏.紫色丘陵区农林混作模式的土壤抗冲性影响因素.中国农业科学,2008,41(5):1400- 1409.
[37] 杨玉梅,郑子成,李廷轩.不同土地利用方式下土壤抗冲性动态变化特征及其影响因素.水土保持学报,2010,24(4):64- 68.
[2] 李阳兵,王世杰,李瑞玲.岩溶生态系统的土壤.生态环境,2004,13(3):434- 438.
[3] 李晋,熊康宁,王仙攀.喀斯特地区小流域地下水土流失观测研究.中国水土保持,2012,(6):38- 40.
[4] 蒋忠诚,罗为群,邓艳,曹建华,覃星铭,李衍青,杨奇勇.岩溶峰丛洼地水土漏失及防治研究.地球学报,2014,35(5):535- 542.
[5] 谌芸.植物篱对紫色土水土特性的效应及作用机理[D].重庆:西南大学,2012:122.
[6] 汪三树.重庆市坡耕地典型生物埂固土保土机理与适宜性研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.
[7] 苏樑,宋同清,杜虎,曾馥平,王华,彭晚霞,张芳,张家涌.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复阶段细根生物量、形态特征及其影响因素.应用生态学报,2018,29(3):783- 789.
[8] 邓佳.南方红壤区常见草本根土复合体生物力学抗蚀机理研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015:81.
[9] 李建兴.三峡库区不同护坡草本植物根系的固土抗蚀效应研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2013:72.
[10] 谌芸,何丙辉,练彩霞,刘志鹏,彭石磊.三峡库区陡坡根-土复合体抗冲性能.生态学报,2016,36(16):5173- 5181.
[11] Kanani J,Lukefahr S D,Stanko R L.Evaluation of tropical forage legumes (Medicago sativa,Dolichos lablab,Leucaena leucocephala and Desmanthus bicornutus) for growing goats.Small Ruminant Research,2006,65(1/2):1- 7.
[12] 韩玉竹.拉巴豆优良根瘤菌的筛选及接种效应研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2012:142.
[13] Hales T C,Ford C R,Hwang T,Vose J M,Band L E.Topographic and ecologic controls on root reinforcement.Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface,2009,114(F3):F03013.
[14] Zhang C B,Chen L H,Jiang J.Why fine tree roots are stronger than thicker roots:the role of cellulose and lignin in relation to slope stability.Geomorphology,2014,206:196- 202.
[15] 吕春娟,陈丽华.华北典型植被根系抗拉力学特性及其与主要化学成分关系.农业工程学报,2013,29(23):69- 78.
[16] 朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,李国荣,张兴玲,陈桂琛.护坡植物根系力学特性与其解剖结构关系.农业工程学报,2009,25(5):40- 46.
[17] 赵丽兵,张宝贵.紫花苜蓿和马唐根的生物力学性能及相关因素的试验研究.农业工程学报,2007,23(9):7- 12.
[18] 田佳,曹兵,及金楠,李才华,朱莉,马尼园.防风固沙灌木花棒沙柳根系生物力学特性.农业工程学报,2014,30(23):192- 198.
[19] 伯姆 W.根系研究法.薛德榕,谭协麟,译.北京:科学出版社,1985:231.
[20] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.土壤物理性质测定法.北京:科学出版社,1978.
[21] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:211- 212.
[22] 波钦诺克X H.植物生物化学分析方法.荆家海,丁钟荣,译.北京:科学出版社,1981:173- 176.
[23] Lin S Y,Dence C W.Methods in Lignin Chemistry.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,1992.
[24] Lateh H,Avani N,Bibalani G H.Tensile strength and root distribution of Acacia mangium and Macaranga tanarius at spatial variation(case study:east-west highway,Malaysia).International Journal of Biosciences,2015,6(7):18- 28.
[25] Zegeye A D,Langendoen E J,Tilahun S A,Mekuria W,Poesen J,Steenhuis T S.Root reinforcement to soils provided by common Ethiopian highland plants for gully erosion control.Ecohydrology,2018,11(6):e1940.
[26] Bischetti G B,Chiaradia E A,Simonato T,Speziali B,Vitali B,Vullo P,Zocco A.Root strength and root area ratio of forest species in Lombardy (northern Italy).Plant and Soil,2005,278(1/2):11- 22.
[27] 梁千慧.不同水分条件下黑麦草对喀斯特土壤深度的生长与生理响应[D].重庆:西南大学,2016:73.
[28] 刘锦春,钟章成.水分胁迫和复水对石灰岩地区柏木幼苗根系生长的影响.生态学报,2009,29(12):6439- 6445.
[29] Genet M,Li M C,Luo T X,Fourcaud T,Clément-Vidal A,Stokes A.Linking carbon supply to root cell-wall chemistry and mechanics at high altitudes in Abies georgei.Annals of Botany,2011,107(2):311- 320.
[30] Genet M,Stokes A,Salin F,Mickovski S B,Fourcaud T,Dumail J F,van Beek R.The influence of cellulose content on tensile strength in tree roots//Proceedings of the First International Conference on Eco-Engineering..Dordrecht:Springer Netherlands,2007:3- 11.
[31] Ji J N,Kokutse N,Genet M,Fourcaud T,Zhang Z Q.Effect of spatial variation of tree root characteristics on slope stability.A case study on Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and Arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis) stands on the Loess Plateau,China.Catena,2012,92:139- 154.
[32] 叶超,郭忠录,蔡崇法,闫峰陵,马中浩.5种草本植物根系理化特性及其相关性.草业科学,2017,34(3):598- 606.
[33] Abdi E,Azhdari F,Abdulkhani A,Soofi Mariv H.Tensile strength and cellulose content of Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica) roots as bioengineering material.Journal of Forest Science,2014,60(10):425- 430.
[34] 李谦,周本智,安艳飞,徐升华.绿竹根系分布及生物力学性质.应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1319- 1326.
[35] 宗全利,冯博,蔡杭兵,陈志康,王建新.塔里木河流域河岸植被根系护坡的力学机制.岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(5):1290- 1300.
[36] 史东梅,陈晏.紫色丘陵区农林混作模式的土壤抗冲性影响因素.中国农业科学,2008,41(5):1400- 1409.
[37] 杨玉梅,郑子成,李廷轩.不同土地利用方式下土壤抗冲性动态变化特征及其影响因素.水土保持学报,2010,24(4):64- 68.
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