珠江三角洲平原区地面沉降影响因素分析
|
摘要
珠三角平原区地面沉降的成因机理较为复杂,本次研究范围为珠三角平原区中南部珠江口西部沿岸,亦是珠三角平原地面沉降重点区。本文从研究区水文地质、工程地质特征以及地面沉降分布状况、沉降类型、主要控制因素和发展规律入手,综合分析区内地面沉降调查监测资料,研究了地面沉降与各影响因子的关系,总结了产生沉降的主要因素有三个:一是软土厚度大,总厚度一般10～30 m,最厚达63. 8 m;二是局部开采地下水,主要分布于广州市南沙区万顷沙镇和中山市大鳌镇、板芙镇、坦洲镇及珠海市金湾区红旗镇、斗门区白蕉镇、乾务镇等大面积水产养殖区,开发利用强度高区域约123. 21 km2,开发利用强度中等区域约111. 97 km2,开发利用强度低区域约73. 70 km2;三是上部荷载的影响,这类作用类型主要由上部建筑物荷载、大面积人工填土荷载及机械动荷载组成,主要位于城镇、工业园、乡村等建筑区和公路、桥梁、堤坝等线性工程周边,人工填土厚度最大达8. 6 m。该项研究成果可为全面开展珠江三角洲地区地面沉降调查、监测和防治工作提供技术支持,也为地方经济建设规划决策、有效控制地面沉降和保护地质环境等提供地质科学依据。
The mechanism of land subsidence in the Pearl River Delta Plain is complex. This study covers the west coast of the Pearl River Estuary in the middle and south of the Pearl River Delta Plain,and is also the key area of land subsidence in the Pearl River Delta Plain. Starting from the hydrogeological and engineering geological characteristics of the study area,as well as the distribution of land subsidence,subsidence types,main controlling factors and development laws,this paper comprehensively analyses the survey and monitoring data of land subsidence in the study area,studies the relationship between land subsidence and various influencing factors,and summarizes three main factors causing land subsidence: the thickness of soft soil is large,the total thickness is generally 10 ～ 30 m,the thickest is 63. 8 m. Secondly,groundwater is partly exploited,mainly distributed in Wanqingsha Town,Nansha District,Guangzhou,Daao Town,Banfu Town,Tanzhou Town,Hongqi Town,Jinwan District,Baijiao Town,Qianwu Town,Doumen District,and other aquaculture areas with high intensity of development and utilization. About 123. 21 km2,about 111. 97 km2 in medium-intensity area and 73. 70 km2 in low-intensity area. Thirdly,the influence of upper load is mainly composed of upper building load,large-area artificial fill load and mechanical dynamic load,mainly located in urban,industrial park,rural and other construction areas and roads. The maximum thickness of artificial fill around linear engineering such as bridges and dams is 8. 6 m. The research results can provide technical support for land subsidence investigation,monitoring and prevention in the Pearl River Delta,as well as geological scientific basis for planning and decision-making of local economic construction,effective control of land subsidence and protection of geological environment.
The mechanism of land subsidence in the Pearl River Delta Plain is complex. This study covers the west coast of the Pearl River Estuary in the middle and south of the Pearl River Delta Plain,and is also the key area of land subsidence in the Pearl River Delta Plain. Starting from the hydrogeological and engineering geological characteristics of the study area,as well as the distribution of land subsidence,subsidence types,main controlling factors and development laws,this paper comprehensively analyses the survey and monitoring data of land subsidence in the study area,studies the relationship between land subsidence and various influencing factors,and summarizes three main factors causing land subsidence: the thickness of soft soil is large,the total thickness is generally 10 ～ 30 m,the thickest is 63. 8 m. Secondly,groundwater is partly exploited,mainly distributed in Wanqingsha Town,Nansha District,Guangzhou,Daao Town,Banfu Town,Tanzhou Town,Hongqi Town,Jinwan District,Baijiao Town,Qianwu Town,Doumen District,and other aquaculture areas with high intensity of development and utilization. About 123. 21 km2,about 111. 97 km2 in medium-intensity area and 73. 70 km2 in low-intensity area. Thirdly,the influence of upper load is mainly composed of upper building load,large-area artificial fill load and mechanical dynamic load,mainly located in urban,industrial park,rural and other construction areas and roads. The maximum thickness of artificial fill around linear engineering such as bridges and dams is 8. 6 m. The research results can provide technical support for land subsidence investigation,monitoring and prevention in the Pearl River Delta,as well as geological scientific basis for planning and decision-making of local economic construction,effective control of land subsidence and protection of geological environment.
引文
[1] MAHDI M,YAHYA D,THOMAS R W,et al.Monitoring of Land subsidence in Mashhad Valley,northeast Iran, Using. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(In SAR),Precise Leveling and Continuous GPS[C]. ISAT Symposium 2007,Montreux,Switzerland,2007.
[2] MA R,WANG Y X. The effect of stratigraphic heterogeneity on areal distribution of land subsidence at Taiyuan,northern China[J]. Environ Geol,2006,50:551-568.
[3] MARTIN H M,THOMAS J B. The role of faulting on surface deformation patterns from pumping induced groundwater flow(Las Vegas Vally, USA).Hydrogeology Journal[J]. 2009,17:1859-1875.
[4]薛禹群，张云，叶淑君，等．中国地面沉降及其需要解决的几个问题[J]．第四纪研究，2003,23(6):585-593.XUE Yuqun, ZHANG Yun, YE Shujun, et al.China’s land subsidence and several problems that need to be solved[J]. Quaternary Research,2003,23(6):585-593.
[5]薛禹群，张云，叶淑君，等．我国地面沉降若干问题研究[J]．高校地质学报，2006,12(2):153-160.XUE Yuqun,ZHANG Yun,YE Shujun,et al. Study on some problems of land subsidence in China[J].Journal of Geological University of China,2006,12(2):153-160.
[6]龚士良．上海地面沉降层次分析法研究[J]．系统工程，1996,14(3):30-34.GONG Shiliang. A study on Shanghai land subsidence by the analytie hierarchy process[J]. Systems Engineering,1996,14(3):30-34.
[7]揭江，魏凤英，王双，等．珠江三角洲地区地面沉降调查评价报告[R]．湛江:广东省地质局第四地质大队，2015:261-303.JIE Jiang, WEI Fengying, WANG Shuang, et al.Report on the evaluation of land subsidence in the Pearl River Delta region[R]. Zhanjiang:The Fourth Geological Team of Guangdong Geological Bureau,2015:261-303.
[8]谢荣安，郑健生，周元华，等．珠江三角洲及周边地区地面沉降地质灾害监测成果报告[R]．广州:广东省地质测绘院，2014:106-184.XIE Rongan,ZHENG Jiansheng,ZHOU Yuanhua,et al. Report on the results of geological disaster monitoring of land subsidence in the Pearl River Delta and surrounding areas[R]. Guangzhou:Guangdong Geological Surveying and Mapping Institute, 2014:106-184.
[9]王双，严学新，揭江，等．珠三角平原区软土分布与地面沉降相关性分析[J]．上海国土资源，2019,40(2):75-79.WANG Shuang, YAN Xuexin, JIE Jiang, et al.Analysis of the correlation between soft soil distribution and land subsidence in the Pearl River Delta plain[J].Land and Resources of Shanghai,2019,40(2):75-79.
[10]高文森，潘伟．大学数学—随机数学[M]．北京:高等教育出版社，2004:211-237.GAO Wensen, PAN Wei. University mathematicsrandom mathematics[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2004:211-237.
[2] MA R,WANG Y X. The effect of stratigraphic heterogeneity on areal distribution of land subsidence at Taiyuan,northern China[J]. Environ Geol,2006,50:551-568.
[3] MARTIN H M,THOMAS J B. The role of faulting on surface deformation patterns from pumping induced groundwater flow(Las Vegas Vally, USA).Hydrogeology Journal[J]. 2009,17:1859-1875.
[4]薛禹群，张云，叶淑君，等．中国地面沉降及其需要解决的几个问题[J]．第四纪研究，2003,23(6):585-593.XUE Yuqun, ZHANG Yun, YE Shujun, et al.China’s land subsidence and several problems that need to be solved[J]. Quaternary Research,2003,23(6):585-593.
[5]薛禹群，张云，叶淑君，等．我国地面沉降若干问题研究[J]．高校地质学报，2006,12(2):153-160.XUE Yuqun,ZHANG Yun,YE Shujun,et al. Study on some problems of land subsidence in China[J].Journal of Geological University of China,2006,12(2):153-160.
[6]龚士良．上海地面沉降层次分析法研究[J]．系统工程，1996,14(3):30-34.GONG Shiliang. A study on Shanghai land subsidence by the analytie hierarchy process[J]. Systems Engineering,1996,14(3):30-34.
[7]揭江，魏凤英，王双，等．珠江三角洲地区地面沉降调查评价报告[R]．湛江:广东省地质局第四地质大队，2015:261-303.JIE Jiang, WEI Fengying, WANG Shuang, et al.Report on the evaluation of land subsidence in the Pearl River Delta region[R]. Zhanjiang:The Fourth Geological Team of Guangdong Geological Bureau,2015:261-303.
[8]谢荣安，郑健生，周元华，等．珠江三角洲及周边地区地面沉降地质灾害监测成果报告[R]．广州:广东省地质测绘院，2014:106-184.XIE Rongan,ZHENG Jiansheng,ZHOU Yuanhua,et al. Report on the results of geological disaster monitoring of land subsidence in the Pearl River Delta and surrounding areas[R]. Guangzhou:Guangdong Geological Surveying and Mapping Institute, 2014:106-184.
[9]王双，严学新，揭江，等．珠三角平原区软土分布与地面沉降相关性分析[J]．上海国土资源，2019,40(2):75-79.WANG Shuang, YAN Xuexin, JIE Jiang, et al.Analysis of the correlation between soft soil distribution and land subsidence in the Pearl River Delta plain[J].Land and Resources of Shanghai,2019,40(2):75-79.
[10]高文森，潘伟．大学数学—随机数学[M]．北京:高等教育出版社，2004:211-237.GAO Wensen, PAN Wei. University mathematicsrandom mathematics[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2004:211-237.