鱼道进口不同补水形式对齐口裂腹鱼上溯行为的影响
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摘要
修建补水设施是提高鱼道过鱼效果的有效措施之一,不同补水形式如何改变鱼的游泳行为策略从而吸引其进入鱼道进口是国内外关注热点。本研究基于鱼道进口概化模型,以齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)为研究对象,采用进口内部侧面补水、旁道补水和旁道顶部补水3种形式,探究不同流量和补水距离下补水方式对鱼道进口附近处目标鱼上溯行为的影响。结果表明:与没有补水的工况相比,补水距离为1 m的旁道补水和补水距离为0.65 m的旁道顶部补水,鱼类在鱼道进口通过次数显著提升(P<0.05)。通过提取目标鱼成功上溯路径上对应的水流速度场和紊动场发现,齐口裂腹鱼上溯偏好流速0.6～0.8m·s~(-1),优先选择低紊动区(0.01 m~2·s~(-2)),且明显逃离高紊动区(>0.04 m~2·s~(-2))进行上溯。本研究验证了紊动能和流速是影响鱼类上溯的重要水力因子,为鱼道进口补水设计及其优化提供了重要参考。
The construction of water supply facility is one of the effective ways to improve the fishway efficiency.How different forms of water supply change the swimming strategy of fish and attract them to enter the fishway entrance is a hot topic.In this study,the migration behavior of Schizothorax prenanti was examined under three water supply conditions with different distances and discharges by designing a generalized model of a fishway entrance.The results showed that compared with the condition without water supply,fish passage rate was significantly improved(P<0.05) under the water supply by bypass channel with a horizontal distance of 1 m to the fishway entrance and another bypass channel in which the water flowed down from top with a horizontal distance of 0.65 m to the fishway entrance.By extracting the corresponding velocity field and turbulence field on the path of the successfully traced fish,the preferred flow velocity area of Schizothorax prenanti was from 0.6 to 0.8 m·s~(-1) and they would escape from the high turbulence(greater than 0.04 m~2·s~(-2)).The low turbulence area(0.01 m~2·s~(-2)) was preferentially selected by fish for going upstream.This study verifies that the turbulent kinetic energy and velocity are important hydraulic factors affecting fish migration and provides reference for design and optimization of fishway entrance supply water.
The construction of water supply facility is one of the effective ways to improve the fishway efficiency.How different forms of water supply change the swimming strategy of fish and attract them to enter the fishway entrance is a hot topic.In this study,the migration behavior of Schizothorax prenanti was examined under three water supply conditions with different distances and discharges by designing a generalized model of a fishway entrance.The results showed that compared with the condition without water supply,fish passage rate was significantly improved(P<0.05) under the water supply by bypass channel with a horizontal distance of 1 m to the fishway entrance and another bypass channel in which the water flowed down from top with a horizontal distance of 0.65 m to the fishway entrance.By extracting the corresponding velocity field and turbulence field on the path of the successfully traced fish,the preferred flow velocity area of Schizothorax prenanti was from 0.6 to 0.8 m·s~(-1) and they would escape from the high turbulence(greater than 0.04 m~2·s~(-2)).The low turbulence area(0.01 m~2·s~(-2)) was preferentially selected by fish for going upstream.This study verifies that the turbulent kinetic energy and velocity are important hydraulic factors affecting fish migration and provides reference for design and optimization of fishway entrance supply water.
引文
边永欢,孙双科.2013.竖缝式鱼道的水力特性研究.水利学报,44(12):1462-1467.
曹娜,钟治国,曹晓红,等.2016.我国鱼道建设现状及典型案例分析.水资源保护,32(6):156-162.
陈凯麒,常仲农,曹晓红,等.2012.我国鱼道的建设现状与展望.水利学报,43(2):182-188.
傅菁菁,李嘉,安瑞冬,等.2013.基于齐口裂腹鱼游泳能力的竖缝式鱼道流态塑造研究.工程科学与技术,45(3):12-17.
龚丽,吴一红,白音包力皋,等.2016.鱼道进口水流对草鱼幼鱼上溯行为的影响研究.水利水电技术,47(11):89-93.
蒋永强,杨忠勇,石小涛,等.2018.基于多重水力学因子的竖缝式鱼道中鱼类上溯轨迹模拟.生态学杂志,37(4):1282-1290.
栾丽,姜跃良,刘园,等.2016.瀑布沟水电站成库后鱼类组成变化与保护对策.水生态学杂志,37(3):62-69.
谭均军,高柱,戴会超,等.2017.竖缝式鱼道水力特性与鱼类运动特性相关性分析.水利学报,48(8):924-932.
汪亚超,陈小虎,张婷,等.2013.鱼道进口布置方案研究.水生态学杂志,34(4):30-34.
王远铭,张陵蕾,曾超,等.2015,总溶解气体过饱和胁迫下齐口裂腹鱼的耐受和回避特征.水利学报,46(4):480-488.
周小波.2017.藏木水电站鱼道底孔式出口研究.水电站设计,33(1):65-67.
Baek KO,Kim YD.2014.A case study for optimal position of fishway at low-head obstructions in tributaries of Han River in Korea.Ecological Engineering,64:222-230.
Bunt CM,Katopodis C,Mckinley RS.1999.Attraction and passage efficiency of white suckers and Smallmouth Bass by Two Denil Fishways.North American Journal of Fisheries Management,9:793-803.
Burnett NJ,Hinch SG,Bett NN,et al.2017.Reducing carryover effects on the migration and spawning success of Sockeye Salmon through a management experiment of dam flows.River Research&Applications,33:3-15.
Burnett NJ,Hinch SG,Braun DC,et al.2014.Burst swimming in areas of high flow:Delayed consequences of anaerobiosis in wild adult sockeye salmon.Physiological&Biochemical Zoology,87:587-598.
Fuentes-Pérez JF,Silva AT,Tuhtan JA,et al.2018.3D modelling of non-uniform and turbulent flow in vertical slot fishways.Environmental Modelling&Software,99:156-169.
Gisen DC,Weichert RB,Nestler JM.2017.Optimizing attraction flow for upstream fish passage at a hydropower dam employing 3D Detached-Eddy Simulation.Ecological Engineering,100:344-353
Goettel MT,Atkinson JF,Bennett SJ.2015.Behavior of western blacknose dace in a turbulence modified flow field.Ecological Engineering,74:230-240.
Green TM,Lindmark EM,Lundstrm TS,et al.2011.Flow characterization of an attraction channel as entrance to fishways.River Research&Applications,27:1290-1297.
Laine A,Jokivirta T,Katopodis C.2010.Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L.and sea trout,Salmo trutta L.passage in a regulated northern river-fishway efficiency,fish entrance and environmental factors.Fisheries Management&Ecology,9:65-77.
Lemasson BH,Haefner JW,Bowen MD.2008.The effect of avoidance behavior on predicting fish passage rates through water diversion structures.Ecological Modelling,219:178-188.
Liao JC,Beal DN,Lauder GV,et al.2003.Fish exploiting vortices decrease muscle activity.Science,302:1566-1569.
Lindberg DE,Leonardsson K,Andersson AG,et al.2013.Methods for locating the proper position of a planned fishway entrance near a hydropower tailrace.Limnologica:Ecology and Management of Inland Waters,43:339-347.
Moser ML,Keefer ML,Pennington HT,et al.2011.Development of Pacific lamprey fishways at a hydropower dam.Fisheries Management&Ecology,18:190-200.
Piper AT,Wright RM,Kemp PS.2012.The influence of attraction flow on upstream passage of European eel(Anguilla anguilla)at intertidal barriers.Ecological Engineering,44:329-336.
Silva AT,JoséMS,Ferreira MT,et al.2011.Effects of water velocity and turbulence on the behaviour of Iberian barbel(Luciobarbus bocagei,Steindachner 1864)in an experimental pool-type fishway.River Research and Applications,44:360-373.
Stephens TA,Bledsoe BP,Fox BD,et al.2015.Effects of whitewater parks on fish passage:A spatially explicit hydraulic analysis.Ecological Engineering,83:305-318.
曹娜,钟治国,曹晓红,等.2016.我国鱼道建设现状及典型案例分析.水资源保护,32(6):156-162.
陈凯麒,常仲农,曹晓红,等.2012.我国鱼道的建设现状与展望.水利学报,43(2):182-188.
傅菁菁,李嘉,安瑞冬,等.2013.基于齐口裂腹鱼游泳能力的竖缝式鱼道流态塑造研究.工程科学与技术,45(3):12-17.
龚丽,吴一红,白音包力皋,等.2016.鱼道进口水流对草鱼幼鱼上溯行为的影响研究.水利水电技术,47(11):89-93.
蒋永强,杨忠勇,石小涛,等.2018.基于多重水力学因子的竖缝式鱼道中鱼类上溯轨迹模拟.生态学杂志,37(4):1282-1290.
栾丽,姜跃良,刘园,等.2016.瀑布沟水电站成库后鱼类组成变化与保护对策.水生态学杂志,37(3):62-69.
谭均军,高柱,戴会超,等.2017.竖缝式鱼道水力特性与鱼类运动特性相关性分析.水利学报,48(8):924-932.
汪亚超,陈小虎,张婷,等.2013.鱼道进口布置方案研究.水生态学杂志,34(4):30-34.
王远铭,张陵蕾,曾超,等.2015,总溶解气体过饱和胁迫下齐口裂腹鱼的耐受和回避特征.水利学报,46(4):480-488.
周小波.2017.藏木水电站鱼道底孔式出口研究.水电站设计,33(1):65-67.
Baek KO,Kim YD.2014.A case study for optimal position of fishway at low-head obstructions in tributaries of Han River in Korea.Ecological Engineering,64:222-230.
Bunt CM,Katopodis C,Mckinley RS.1999.Attraction and passage efficiency of white suckers and Smallmouth Bass by Two Denil Fishways.North American Journal of Fisheries Management,9:793-803.
Burnett NJ,Hinch SG,Bett NN,et al.2017.Reducing carryover effects on the migration and spawning success of Sockeye Salmon through a management experiment of dam flows.River Research&Applications,33:3-15.
Burnett NJ,Hinch SG,Braun DC,et al.2014.Burst swimming in areas of high flow:Delayed consequences of anaerobiosis in wild adult sockeye salmon.Physiological&Biochemical Zoology,87:587-598.
Fuentes-Pérez JF,Silva AT,Tuhtan JA,et al.2018.3D modelling of non-uniform and turbulent flow in vertical slot fishways.Environmental Modelling&Software,99:156-169.
Gisen DC,Weichert RB,Nestler JM.2017.Optimizing attraction flow for upstream fish passage at a hydropower dam employing 3D Detached-Eddy Simulation.Ecological Engineering,100:344-353
Goettel MT,Atkinson JF,Bennett SJ.2015.Behavior of western blacknose dace in a turbulence modified flow field.Ecological Engineering,74:230-240.
Green TM,Lindmark EM,Lundstrm TS,et al.2011.Flow characterization of an attraction channel as entrance to fishways.River Research&Applications,27:1290-1297.
Laine A,Jokivirta T,Katopodis C.2010.Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L.and sea trout,Salmo trutta L.passage in a regulated northern river-fishway efficiency,fish entrance and environmental factors.Fisheries Management&Ecology,9:65-77.
Lemasson BH,Haefner JW,Bowen MD.2008.The effect of avoidance behavior on predicting fish passage rates through water diversion structures.Ecological Modelling,219:178-188.
Liao JC,Beal DN,Lauder GV,et al.2003.Fish exploiting vortices decrease muscle activity.Science,302:1566-1569.
Lindberg DE,Leonardsson K,Andersson AG,et al.2013.Methods for locating the proper position of a planned fishway entrance near a hydropower tailrace.Limnologica:Ecology and Management of Inland Waters,43:339-347.
Moser ML,Keefer ML,Pennington HT,et al.2011.Development of Pacific lamprey fishways at a hydropower dam.Fisheries Management&Ecology,18:190-200.
Piper AT,Wright RM,Kemp PS.2012.The influence of attraction flow on upstream passage of European eel(Anguilla anguilla)at intertidal barriers.Ecological Engineering,44:329-336.
Silva AT,JoséMS,Ferreira MT,et al.2011.Effects of water velocity and turbulence on the behaviour of Iberian barbel(Luciobarbus bocagei,Steindachner 1864)in an experimental pool-type fishway.River Research and Applications,44:360-373.
Stephens TA,Bledsoe BP,Fox BD,et al.2015.Effects of whitewater parks on fish passage:A spatially explicit hydraulic analysis.Ecological Engineering,83:305-318.
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