新疆乌伦古湖古岸线初识
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摘要
古湖岸线的识别是沉积学研究中一个悬而未决的难题.本文以遥感卫星图像为主要资料,结合地面露头踏勘和文献调研,对新生代以来乌伦古湖可能的湖岸线及其沉积物分布进行追踪辨别,探讨乌伦古湖的演变过程.通过研究,从卫星图像上发现3期比较明显的湖岸线影像.对卫星影像所对应的沉积物进行了实地考察和验证,确认这些沉积物为湖泊滨岸沉积.借助文献调研认为第一期湖岸线可能形成于渐新世时期,恢复的古乌伦古湖的面积1.73×10~4 km~2,为现今湖泊面积的18.67倍;第二期湖岸线可能形成于上新世时期,古乌伦古湖面积为6.65×10~3 km~2,为现今湖泊面积的7.18倍.陆相湖盆湖岸线摆动十分频繁,需要借助沉积学、古生物学、层序地层学和年代学手段定量重建湖岸线的变化过程,建立滨湖地区的沉积演化模式.
Recognition of ancient lake shoreline is an unsolved problem in sedimentology. Based on remote sensing satellite images, combined with outcrop survey and literature research, this paper traces and identifies the modern and possible ancient shorelines and the shoreline deposits distribution of Ulungur Lake since Cenozoic, and explores the evolution process of Ulungur Lake by shoreline variation. Through the study, three obvious lake shoreline images were found from satellite images. The outcrops corresponding to satellite imagery were investigated and validated on the field, and the sediments were confirmed to be lakeshore sediments. According to literature research, the first lake shoreline may be formed in Oligocene. The area of the restored ancient Ulungur Lake were about 1.73×10~4 km~2, which is 18.67 times the area of the present lake. The second lake shoreline may be formed in Pliocene. The area of the ancient Ulungur Lake were about 6.65×10~3 km~2, which is 7.18 times the area of the present lake. The shoreline oscillation of continental lake basin is very frequent. It is necessary to quantitatively reconstruct the change process of lake shoreline by means of sedimentology, paleontology, sequence stratigraphy and chronology, and establish the sedimentary evolution model of lakeshore area.
Recognition of ancient lake shoreline is an unsolved problem in sedimentology. Based on remote sensing satellite images, combined with outcrop survey and literature research, this paper traces and identifies the modern and possible ancient shorelines and the shoreline deposits distribution of Ulungur Lake since Cenozoic, and explores the evolution process of Ulungur Lake by shoreline variation. Through the study, three obvious lake shoreline images were found from satellite images. The outcrops corresponding to satellite imagery were investigated and validated on the field, and the sediments were confirmed to be lakeshore sediments. According to literature research, the first lake shoreline may be formed in Oligocene. The area of the restored ancient Ulungur Lake were about 1.73×10~4 km~2, which is 18.67 times the area of the present lake. The second lake shoreline may be formed in Pliocene. The area of the ancient Ulungur Lake were about 6.65×10~3 km~2, which is 7.18 times the area of the present lake. The shoreline oscillation of continental lake basin is very frequent. It is necessary to quantitatively reconstruct the change process of lake shoreline by means of sedimentology, paleontology, sequence stratigraphy and chronology, and establish the sedimentary evolution model of lakeshore area.
引文
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[7]张灿龙，邓自旺，倪绍祥，等．遥感与GIS的青海湖岸线分维研究[J]．地球信息科学，2006,8(4):141-145．
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[10]纪友亮，冯建辉，王声朗，等．东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组沙三段沉积期湖岸线的变化及岩相古地理特征[J]．古地理学报，2005,7(2):145-156．
[11]居字龙，唐辉，刘伟新，等．泥岩标志层在海陆过渡沉积环境地层对比中的应用---以珠江口盆地陆丰凹陷A油田古近系为例[J]．海相油气地质，2017,22(2):89-94．
[12]刘文浩．白碱湖地区20万年以来高湖面地质记录及对晚第四纪腾格里高湖面的指示[D]．兰州:兰州大学，2015．
[13]王昌勇，张懿，林世国，等．鄂尔多斯盆地镇原地区长8~1砂层组双坡折带的发现及其研究意义[J]．石油与天然气地质，2017,38(3):457-466．
[14]张辉，王怀厂，刘新社，等．古湖岸线确定及其对优质储集层控制---以鄂尔多斯盆地北部地区盒8段为例[J]．沉积学报，2015,33(2):348-356．
[15]蒋庆丰，沈吉，刘兴起，等．2.5ka来新疆吉力湖湖泊沉积记录的气候环境变化[J]．湖泊科学，2010,22(1):119-126．
[16]金爱春，蒋庆丰，陈晔，等．新疆乌伦古湖的210Pb、137Cs测年与现代沉积速率[J]．现代地质，2010,24(2):377-382．
[17]王务严，吴绍祖，吴晓智，等．新疆北部福海地区大地构造特征[J]．新疆石油地质，1997,18(1):18-23．
[18]肖霞云，蒋庆丰，刘兴起，等．新疆乌伦古湖全新世以来高分辨率的孢粉记录与环境变迁[J]．微体古生物学报，2006,23(1):77-86．
[19]毛德华．第四纪时期乌伦古湖的地貌演变[J]．新疆地理，1981(2):15-22．
[20]毛德华．乌伦古湖及湖周地区的合理利用[J]．新疆地理，1984(4):43-54．
[21]王洪道，张学斌．西北干旱区湖泊的近期变化[J]．水科学进展，1991,2(4):238-243．
[22]姚永慧，励惠国．新疆玛纳斯湖演化的地貌特征[J]．干旱区研究，2010,27(1):57-63．
[23]赵永涛，安成邦，陈玉凤，等．晚冰期以来乌伦古湖沉积物多指标高分辨率的古环境演化[J]．干旱区地理，2014,37(2):222-229．
[24]周侗，陶菲．新疆乌伦古地区古地理环境的研究[J]．测绘科学，2013,38(6):58-9．
[25]陈瑾．简述乌伦古湖入湖水量及湖水位情势分析[J]．中国水能及电气化，2013(6):65-67．
[26]刘建军．乌伦古湖入湖水量分析[J]．能源与节能，2015(5):103-105．
[27]王希义，徐海量，杜清．基于层次分析模型的乌伦古湖水环境承载力评价[J]．安徽农业科学，2013,41(29):11818-11821．
[28]黄智华，周怀东，薛滨，等．人类活动对乌伦古湖环境演化的影响[J]．人民黄河，2011,33(5):60-62．
[29]刘宇．新疆乌伦古湖浮游植物群落结构的时空变化规律[D]．武汉:华中农业大学，2009．
[30]吴敬禄，马龙，曾海鳌．乌伦古湖水量与水质变化特征及其环境效应[J]．自然资源学报，2013,28(5):844-853．
[31]叶尚明，苏德学，刘栓，等．新疆乌伦古湖水生生物资源调查研究[J]．水利渔业，2004,24(2):51-53．
[32]赵永晶．新疆乌伦古湖底栖动物群落结构的研究[D]．武汉:华中农业大学，2010．
[33]赵永晶，沈建忠，王腾，等．基于大型底栖动物的乌伦古湖水质生物学评价[J]．水生态学杂志，2010,31(3):7-11．
[34]李建兵．藏北高原措勤地区湖泊演化及古气候变迁研究[D]．成都:成都理工大学，2005．
[35]张鑫，吴艳红，张鑫．1972-2012年青藏高原中南部内陆湖泊的水位变化[J]．地理学报，2014,69(7):993-1001．
[36]谢立新．乌伦古湖泊水位及水质变化原因分析[J]．水资源与水工程学报，2009,20(2):148-150．
[37]羊向东，王苏民．一万多年来乌伦古湖地区花粉组合及其古环境[J]．干旱区研究，1994,11(2):7-10.
[2]KOMATSU T,WATANABE T,HIRAKAWA K.A framework for Late Quaternary lake-level fluctuations in Lake Karakul,eastern Pamir,focusing on lake-glacier landform interaction[J].Geomorphology,2010,119:198-211．
[3]LI G,LI F,JIN M,et al.Late Quaternary lake evolution in the Gaxun Nur basin,central Gobi Desert,China,based on quartz OSL and K-feldspar p IRIR dating of paleoshorelines[J].Journal of Quaternary Science,2017,32(3):347-361．
[4]LI G,MADSEN D B,JIN M,et al.Orbital scale lake evolution in the Ejina Basin,central Gobi Desert,China revealed by K-feldspar luminescence dating of paleolake shoreline features[J].Quaternary International,2018,482:109-121．
[5]霍雨．近30年来鄱阳湖岸线形态变化研究[J]．江苏科技信息，2015(5):76-78．
[6]李春华，李明辉，易卫华，等．鄱阳湖岸线资源的特征及其开发利用[J]．人民长江，2009,40(16):1-2．
[7]张灿龙，邓自旺，倪绍祥，等．遥感与GIS的青海湖岸线分维研究[J]．地球信息科学，2006,8(4):141-145．
[8]CHEN C Y,MALOOF A C.Revisiting the deformed high shoreline of Lake Bonneville[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2017,159:169-189．
[9]COIANIZ L,BIALIK O M,BEN-AVRAHAM Z,et al.Late Quaternary lacustrine deposits of the Dead Sea basin:high resolution sequence stratigraphy from downhole logging data[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2019,210:175-189．
[10]纪友亮，冯建辉，王声朗，等．东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组沙三段沉积期湖岸线的变化及岩相古地理特征[J]．古地理学报，2005,7(2):145-156．
[11]居字龙，唐辉，刘伟新，等．泥岩标志层在海陆过渡沉积环境地层对比中的应用---以珠江口盆地陆丰凹陷A油田古近系为例[J]．海相油气地质，2017,22(2):89-94．
[12]刘文浩．白碱湖地区20万年以来高湖面地质记录及对晚第四纪腾格里高湖面的指示[D]．兰州:兰州大学，2015．
[13]王昌勇，张懿，林世国，等．鄂尔多斯盆地镇原地区长8~1砂层组双坡折带的发现及其研究意义[J]．石油与天然气地质，2017,38(3):457-466．
[14]张辉，王怀厂，刘新社，等．古湖岸线确定及其对优质储集层控制---以鄂尔多斯盆地北部地区盒8段为例[J]．沉积学报，2015,33(2):348-356．
[15]蒋庆丰，沈吉，刘兴起，等．2.5ka来新疆吉力湖湖泊沉积记录的气候环境变化[J]．湖泊科学，2010,22(1):119-126．
[16]金爱春，蒋庆丰，陈晔，等．新疆乌伦古湖的210Pb、137Cs测年与现代沉积速率[J]．现代地质，2010,24(2):377-382．
[17]王务严，吴绍祖，吴晓智，等．新疆北部福海地区大地构造特征[J]．新疆石油地质，1997,18(1):18-23．
[18]肖霞云，蒋庆丰，刘兴起，等．新疆乌伦古湖全新世以来高分辨率的孢粉记录与环境变迁[J]．微体古生物学报，2006,23(1):77-86．
[19]毛德华．第四纪时期乌伦古湖的地貌演变[J]．新疆地理，1981(2):15-22．
[20]毛德华．乌伦古湖及湖周地区的合理利用[J]．新疆地理，1984(4):43-54．
[21]王洪道，张学斌．西北干旱区湖泊的近期变化[J]．水科学进展，1991,2(4):238-243．
[22]姚永慧，励惠国．新疆玛纳斯湖演化的地貌特征[J]．干旱区研究，2010,27(1):57-63．
[23]赵永涛，安成邦，陈玉凤，等．晚冰期以来乌伦古湖沉积物多指标高分辨率的古环境演化[J]．干旱区地理，2014,37(2):222-229．
[24]周侗，陶菲．新疆乌伦古地区古地理环境的研究[J]．测绘科学，2013,38(6):58-9．
[25]陈瑾．简述乌伦古湖入湖水量及湖水位情势分析[J]．中国水能及电气化，2013(6):65-67．
[26]刘建军．乌伦古湖入湖水量分析[J]．能源与节能，2015(5):103-105．
[27]王希义，徐海量，杜清．基于层次分析模型的乌伦古湖水环境承载力评价[J]．安徽农业科学，2013,41(29):11818-11821．
[28]黄智华，周怀东，薛滨，等．人类活动对乌伦古湖环境演化的影响[J]．人民黄河，2011,33(5):60-62．
[29]刘宇．新疆乌伦古湖浮游植物群落结构的时空变化规律[D]．武汉:华中农业大学，2009．
[30]吴敬禄，马龙，曾海鳌．乌伦古湖水量与水质变化特征及其环境效应[J]．自然资源学报，2013,28(5):844-853．
[31]叶尚明，苏德学，刘栓，等．新疆乌伦古湖水生生物资源调查研究[J]．水利渔业，2004,24(2):51-53．
[32]赵永晶．新疆乌伦古湖底栖动物群落结构的研究[D]．武汉:华中农业大学，2010．
[33]赵永晶，沈建忠，王腾，等．基于大型底栖动物的乌伦古湖水质生物学评价[J]．水生态学杂志，2010,31(3):7-11．
[34]李建兵．藏北高原措勤地区湖泊演化及古气候变迁研究[D]．成都:成都理工大学，2005．
[35]张鑫，吴艳红，张鑫．1972-2012年青藏高原中南部内陆湖泊的水位变化[J]．地理学报，2014,69(7):993-1001．
[36]谢立新．乌伦古湖泊水位及水质变化原因分析[J]．水资源与水工程学报，2009,20(2):148-150．
[37]羊向东，王苏民．一万多年来乌伦古湖地区花粉组合及其古环境[J]．干旱区研究，1994,11(2):7-10.
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