向家坝水电站不同修复模式下根际土壤微生物化学计量特征
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摘要
为探究水电站扰动区人工植被恢复后土壤质量及肥力的变化,以向家坝植被混凝土、厚层基材和框格梁3种典型边坡下优势物种荩草根际与非根际土壤为研究对象,对土壤的养分和微生物生态化学计量比进行研究。结果表明:(1)植被混凝土、厚层基材样地的养分平均含量均显著高于框格梁样地;植被混凝土、框格梁样地下土壤养分含量在根际存在一定的富集,以有机碳的富集作用最为明显,而厚层基材样地则表现为土壤全量养分在根际土壤中存在亏缺;(2)植被混凝土和框格梁修复模式样地的土壤微生物量为根际土壤较高,MBC/MBN、MBC/MBP表现为非根际土壤较高,3种样地下根际与非根际土壤微生物生态化学计量比差异性显著(P<0. 05);(3)相关性分析表明,土壤微生物碳、微生物氮、有机碳和全氮之间具有显著的正相关性(P<0. 01),微生物量磷与土壤有机碳和全磷具有极显著的正相关性(P<0. 01)。综合评价十数年后向家坝水电站工程扰动区人工修复土壤技术,植被混凝土和厚层基材修复措施对该区土壤全量养分含量的累积作用较好,框格梁样地的植物生长发育受到磷素营养的限制较大。
In order to explore the changes of soil quality and fertility after artificial vegetation restoration in disturbed area of hydropower station. The rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of the dominant species of Arthraxon hispidus under three typical slopes of Vegetation Concrete Base Spraying technique( CBS),Thick Layer Base Material Spraying technique( TBS) and Framed beams soil covering( FBSC) were collected in Xiangjiaba Dam. And the soil nutrient and microbial ecological stoichiometric ratio were studied. The results showed that:( 1) The average nutrient content of CBS and TBS was significantly higher than that of FBSC. The soil nutrient content of CBS and FBSC soil had a certain enrichment in the rhizosphere,and the enrichment of organic carbon was the most obvious,while the soil total nutrient of TBS was deficient in the rhizosphere soil.( 2) The soil microbial biomass of the rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than the non-rhizosphere soil in the CBS and FBSC,MBC/MBN and MBC/MBP were higher in non-rhizosphere soil. The microbial ecological stoichiometric ratio was Significant differences in three ecological restoration models( P<0. 05). The rhizosphere MBC/MBN of the TBS plot was significantly higher than that of the CBS and FBSC plots( P<0. 05),while its MBC/MBN was lowest in the non-rhizosphere soil. The ratio of soil microbial carbon to phosphorus in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere was FBSC> TBS > CBS.( 3) The correlation analysis indicated that soil microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,organic carbon and total nitrogen had significant positive correlation.( P < 0. 01).The microbial biomass phosphorus had a significant positive correlation with soil organic carbon and total phosphorus( P < 0. 01). Soil MBC/MBN only had a significant negative correlation with microbial nitrogen( P <0. 01). Comprehensive evaluation of the artificial soil restoration technology in the disturbed area of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station after more than ten years,CBS and TBS had a better effect on the accumulation of total nutrient content of soil in this area,plant growth and development of FBSC was limited by phosphorus nutrition.
In order to explore the changes of soil quality and fertility after artificial vegetation restoration in disturbed area of hydropower station. The rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of the dominant species of Arthraxon hispidus under three typical slopes of Vegetation Concrete Base Spraying technique( CBS),Thick Layer Base Material Spraying technique( TBS) and Framed beams soil covering( FBSC) were collected in Xiangjiaba Dam. And the soil nutrient and microbial ecological stoichiometric ratio were studied. The results showed that:( 1) The average nutrient content of CBS and TBS was significantly higher than that of FBSC. The soil nutrient content of CBS and FBSC soil had a certain enrichment in the rhizosphere,and the enrichment of organic carbon was the most obvious,while the soil total nutrient of TBS was deficient in the rhizosphere soil.( 2) The soil microbial biomass of the rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than the non-rhizosphere soil in the CBS and FBSC,MBC/MBN and MBC/MBP were higher in non-rhizosphere soil. The microbial ecological stoichiometric ratio was Significant differences in three ecological restoration models( P<0. 05). The rhizosphere MBC/MBN of the TBS plot was significantly higher than that of the CBS and FBSC plots( P<0. 05),while its MBC/MBN was lowest in the non-rhizosphere soil. The ratio of soil microbial carbon to phosphorus in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere was FBSC> TBS > CBS.( 3) The correlation analysis indicated that soil microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,organic carbon and total nitrogen had significant positive correlation.( P < 0. 01).The microbial biomass phosphorus had a significant positive correlation with soil organic carbon and total phosphorus( P < 0. 01). Soil MBC/MBN only had a significant negative correlation with microbial nitrogen( P <0. 01). Comprehensive evaluation of the artificial soil restoration technology in the disturbed area of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station after more than ten years,CBS and TBS had a better effect on the accumulation of total nutrient content of soil in this area,plant growth and development of FBSC was limited by phosphorus nutrition.
引文
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[3] HUSS M. Present and future contribution of glacier storage change to runoff from macroscale drainage basins in Europe[J].Water Resources Research,2017,47(7):W07511.
[4] GUITTONNY-LARCHEVQUE M, BUSSIRE B, PEDNAULT C. Tree-Substrate water relations and root development in tree plantations used for mine tailings reclamation[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2016,45(3):1036.
[5] ALAM M K,MIRZA M R,MAUGHAN O E. Constraints and opportunities in planning for the wise use of natural resources in developing countries:Example of a hydropower project[J]. Environmental Conservation,1995,22(4):352-358.
[6]许文年,叶建军,周明涛,等.植被混凝土护坡绿化技术若干问题探讨[J].水利水电技术,2004,35(10):50-52.XU W N,YE J J,ZHOU M T,et al. Several problems of vegetation techndogy for protecting slopes using vegetation-growing concrete[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2004,35(10):50-52.
[7]田青怀,廖绫,张洋宁,等.厚层基材(TBS)工艺在功果桥电站边坡生物防护中的应用[J].草业科学,2016,33(10):2144-2152.TIAN Q H,LIAO L,ZHANG Y N,et al. Application of TBS in biological protection of side slop at Gongguoqiao hydropower station[J]. Pratacultural Science,2016,33(10):2144-2152.
[8]夏栋,许文年,赵娟,等.植被混凝土护坡基材pH、有机质及其与速效养分的相关性分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(6):224-227.XIA D,XU W N,ZHAO J,et al. Analysis of pH,soil organic matter and the correlation to available nutrients in substrate of vegetation-growing concrete Gunning[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(6):224-227.
[9] ANDERSON T H,DOMSCH K H. The metabolic quotient for CO2,(q CO2)as a specific activity parameter to assess the effects of environmental conditions,such as pH,on the microbial biomass of forest soils[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1993,25(3):393-395.
[10] ANDRA D C L,CHAER G M,FBIO B D R J,et al. Interpretation of microbial soil indicators as a function of crop yield and organic carbon[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2013,77(2):461-472.
[11] LI J,COOPER J M,LIN Z,et al. Soil microbial community structure and function are significantly affected by long-term organic and mineral fertilization regimes in the North China Plain[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2015(96):75-87.
[12] ARUNACHALAM A,PANDEY H N. Ecosystem restoration of jhum fallows in northeast India:Microbial C and N along altitudinal and successional gradients[J]. Restoration Ecology,2003,11(2):168-173.
[13]夏振尧.向家坝水电站扰动边坡人工植被群落初期演替过程与稳定性研究[D].武汉大学,2010.XIA Z Y. Earlier succession and stability of artificial vegetation community on disturbed slope in Xiangjiaba Hydropower station[D]. Wuhan University,2010.
[14]夏栋.向家坝水电站工程扰动区不同恢复方法土壤pH值、养分及酶活性分析[D].三峡大学,2011.XIA D. Soil pH,soil nutrient and soil enzyme activity at various restoration measures slopes in disturbed area of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Construction[D]. China Three Gorges University,2011.
[15]牛鹏辉,夏振尧,梁永哲,等.向家坝生态恢复边坡土壤有机磷形态和磷酸酶活性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(20):4963-4968.NIU P H,XIA Z Y,LIANG Y Z,et al. Fractions and distribution of phosphorus at various types of slopes in disturbed area of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Construction[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2015,54(20):4963-4968.
[16]杜祥运,许文年,夏振尧.向家坝工程扰动边坡微生物群落功能多样性分析[J].人民长江,2016,47(21):20-24.DU X Y,XU W N,XIA Z Y,et al. Functional diversity of microbial community at various types of slopes in disturbed area of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station[J]. Yangtze River,2016,47(21):20-24.
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].中国农业科技出版社,2000.LU R K. Soil agricultural chemical analysis method[M]. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000.
[18]李占斌,周波,马田田,等.黄土丘陵区生态治理对土壤碳氮磷及其化学计量特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):312-318.LI Z B,ZHOU B,MA T T,et al. Effects of ecological management on characteristics of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and their stoichiometry in loess hilly region,China[J]. Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,2017,31(6):312-318.
[19] BELL C,CARRILLO Y,BOOT C M,et al. Rhizosphere stoichiometry:are C:N:P ratios of plants,soils,and enzymes conserved at the plant species-level?[J]. New Phytologist,2014,201(2):505-517.
[20]毛晓洁,王新民,赵英,等.多功能固N菌筛选及其在土壤生态修复中的应用[J].生物技术通报,2017,33(10):148-155.MAO X J,WANG X M,ZHAO Y,et al. Screening of multifunctional nitrogen fixing bacteria and their application in soil ecological restoration[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin,2017,33(10):148-155.
[21]陈海滨,马秀丽,陈志彪,等.南方稀土矿区水土保持植物根际土壤碳氮及pH特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1334-1341.CHEN H B,MA X L,CHEN Z B,et al. Carbon,nitrogen and pH in rhizosphere of soil-water conserving plants in rare earth mining area in south China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(5):1334-1341.
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