渤海泥质海岸典型防护林土壤微生物量季节动态变化
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摘要
土壤微生物生物量碳、氮是研究土壤肥力、土壤养分转化、循环以及环境变化的重要指标。研究渤海泥质海岸白榆、刺槐、白蜡、群众杨、辽宁杨纯林和辽宁杨刺槐混交林及当地自然生灌草地土壤微生物生物量碳、氮的季节动态及与土壤养分含量变化的关系,以期为沿海防护林树种的选择及林地管理提供科学依据。结果表明:造林能显著增加土壤微生物生物量含量,其中白榆(25 a)土壤微生物生物量碳、氮最高,是对照的2.50倍和2.09倍。0—10 cm土壤层微生物生物量碳、氮大于10—30 cm土层,季节动态变化差异显著。在0—10 cm土层内,渤海泥质海岸典型防护林土壤微生物生物量碳、氮季节动态多表现为春秋两季较高,夏季较低的"V"字型变化;在10—30 cm土层内,防护林土壤微生物生物量碳季节变化规律与0—10 cm土层一致,表现为夏季较低春秋较高的"V"字型,微生物生物量氮主要表现有"V"字型、倒"V"字型与直线型3种变化形式。在0—30 cm土层内,白榆(25 a)、刺槐、白蜡、群众杨、辽宁杨刺槐混交林、白榆(10 a)、辽宁杨及灌草地微生物生物量碳对土壤有机碳的平均贡献率分别为1.59%、1.68%、1.42%、1.54%、2.29%、1.80%、2.02%和1.12%,土壤微生物生物量氮对土壤全氮的平均贡献率分别为1.85%、1.30%、1.08%、1.35%、2.49%、1.57%、2.08%和2.32%。不同类型防护林地土壤微生物量碳、氮之间显著正相关,它们与土壤全氮、有机碳显著正相关,与土壤电导率显著负相关,另外,土壤微生物量碳还与土壤速效磷含量显著正相关。从不同土层微生物量碳、氮季节动态来看,造林可以增加泥质海岸土壤微生物生物量,但是夏季地下水位升高,盐碱上扬,加之树木生长大量利用养分,土壤微生物生物量夏季较低。综合分析土壤微生物生物量和土壤营养库的贡献率,白榆纯林和辽宁杨刺槐混交林更有利于泥质海岸土壤微生物群落功能恢复和营养固定。
Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen are the important indicators to study soil fertility,soil nutrient transformation and circulation,and environmental changes. During this research,the seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and N contents and their relation with the changes of soil nutrients content in Ulmus pumila forest [25 years old( UPM),10 years old( UP) ],Robinia pseudoacacia forest( RP),Fraxinus chinensis forest( FC),Populus popularis forest( PP),P. × liaoningensis forest( PL),mixed forest of P. × liaoningensis and R. pseudoacacia( PR) and CK( naturally occurring shrub-grassland) were investigated. The purpose of this study is to provide a scientific basis forselection of coastal shelterbelt tree species and forest management in this area. The results showed that soil microbial biomass increased significantly by afforestation. Among all the forest types,UPM has the highest soil microbial biomass C and N contents,which are 2.50 and 2.09 times than CK. The microbial biomass C and N contents in soil layer of 0—10 cm were larger than those in 10—30 cm soil layer,and the seasonal dynamic change of soil microbial biomass in two soil layers varied significant differently. In the 0—10 cm soil layer,the seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and N contents in the typical shelterbelts on Bohai muddy coast were higher in spring and autumn,and lower in summer,with a"V"shape trend. The change trend of soil microbial biomass C in the typical shelterbelt under 10—30 cm soil layer was consistent with that of 0—10 cm soil layer,which showed a lower in summer,and a higher in spring and autumn,also with a "V"shape trend. There are mainly three forms of microbial biomass N variation: "V",inverted "V",and straight line. In the 0—30cm soil layer,the average contribution rates of soil microbial biomass C to soil organic carbon in UPM,RP,FC,PP,PR,UP,PL,and naturally occurring shrub-grassland were 1.59%,1.68%,1.42%,1.54%,2.29%,1.80%,2.02%,and1.12%,respectively,and in the 0—30 cm soil layer,the contribution rates of soil microbial biomass N to soil total nitrogen were 1.85%,1.30%,1.08%,1.35%,2.49%,1.57%,2.08%,and 2.32%,respectively. The correlation of soil microbial biomass C and N in all forest types were significantly positive,and soil microbial biomass C and N had significantly positive correlation with soil total nitrogen and organic matter,and had significantly negative correlation with soil conductivity. In addition,soil microbial biomass C had significantly positive correlation with soil available P. From the results of seasonal dynamics of microbial biomass C and N in different soil layers,it could be drew the conclusion that microbial biomass increased by afforestation in muddy coastal soil,but ground water was rose in summer,accompanied by the increment of salt and alkali content,moreover,trees utilize large quantities of nutrients to maintain growth,thus,the soil microbial biomass was lower. Based on the comparison of soil microbial biomass C and N content and their contributions to soil N pools among all forest types,the conclusion can be made that UPM and PR are the most conducive tree species to the recovery of soil microbial function and nutrient fixation on the Bohai muddy coast.
Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen are the important indicators to study soil fertility,soil nutrient transformation and circulation,and environmental changes. During this research,the seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and N contents and their relation with the changes of soil nutrients content in Ulmus pumila forest [25 years old( UPM),10 years old( UP) ],Robinia pseudoacacia forest( RP),Fraxinus chinensis forest( FC),Populus popularis forest( PP),P. × liaoningensis forest( PL),mixed forest of P. × liaoningensis and R. pseudoacacia( PR) and CK( naturally occurring shrub-grassland) were investigated. The purpose of this study is to provide a scientific basis forselection of coastal shelterbelt tree species and forest management in this area. The results showed that soil microbial biomass increased significantly by afforestation. Among all the forest types,UPM has the highest soil microbial biomass C and N contents,which are 2.50 and 2.09 times than CK. The microbial biomass C and N contents in soil layer of 0—10 cm were larger than those in 10—30 cm soil layer,and the seasonal dynamic change of soil microbial biomass in two soil layers varied significant differently. In the 0—10 cm soil layer,the seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and N contents in the typical shelterbelts on Bohai muddy coast were higher in spring and autumn,and lower in summer,with a"V"shape trend. The change trend of soil microbial biomass C in the typical shelterbelt under 10—30 cm soil layer was consistent with that of 0—10 cm soil layer,which showed a lower in summer,and a higher in spring and autumn,also with a "V"shape trend. There are mainly three forms of microbial biomass N variation: "V",inverted "V",and straight line. In the 0—30cm soil layer,the average contribution rates of soil microbial biomass C to soil organic carbon in UPM,RP,FC,PP,PR,UP,PL,and naturally occurring shrub-grassland were 1.59%,1.68%,1.42%,1.54%,2.29%,1.80%,2.02%,and1.12%,respectively,and in the 0—30 cm soil layer,the contribution rates of soil microbial biomass N to soil total nitrogen were 1.85%,1.30%,1.08%,1.35%,2.49%,1.57%,2.08%,and 2.32%,respectively. The correlation of soil microbial biomass C and N in all forest types were significantly positive,and soil microbial biomass C and N had significantly positive correlation with soil total nitrogen and organic matter,and had significantly negative correlation with soil conductivity. In addition,soil microbial biomass C had significantly positive correlation with soil available P. From the results of seasonal dynamics of microbial biomass C and N in different soil layers,it could be drew the conclusion that microbial biomass increased by afforestation in muddy coastal soil,but ground water was rose in summer,accompanied by the increment of salt and alkali content,moreover,trees utilize large quantities of nutrients to maintain growth,thus,the soil microbial biomass was lower. Based on the comparison of soil microbial biomass C and N content and their contributions to soil N pools among all forest types,the conclusion can be made that UPM and PR are the most conducive tree species to the recovery of soil microbial function and nutrient fixation on the Bohai muddy coast.
引文
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[4] Cao D,Shi F,Ruan W,Lu Z,Chai M. Seasonal changes in and relationship between soil microbial and microfaunal communities in a Tamarix chinensis community in the Yellow River Delta. African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(80):18425-18432.
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[6]罗达,史作民,唐敬超,刘世荣,卢立华.南亚热带乡土树种人工纯林及混交林土壤微生物群落结构.应用生态学报,2014,25(9):2543-2550.
[7]肖好燕,刘宝,余再鹏,万晓华,桑昌鹏,周富伟,黄志群.亚热带不同林分土壤矿质氮库及氮矿化速率的季节动态.应用生态学报,2017,28(3):730-738.
[8]许景伟,王卫东,李成.不同类型黑松混交林土壤微生物、酶及其与土壤养分关系的研究.北京林业大学学报,2000,22(1):51-55.
[9]于洋,王海燕,丁国栋,任丽娜,孙嘉,范敏锐.华北落叶松人工林土壤微生物数量特征及其与土壤性质的关系.东北林业大学学报,2011,39(3):76-80.
[10] Fang X M,Yu D P,Zhou W M,Zhou L,Dai L M. The effects of forest type on soil microbial activity in Changbai Mountain,Northeast China.Annals of Forest Science,2016,73(2):473-482.
[11]王薪琪,韩轶,王传宽.帽儿山不同林龄落叶阔叶林土壤微生物生物量及其季节动态.植物生态学报,2017,41(6):597-609.
[12]杨凯,朱教君,张金鑫,闫巧玲.不同林龄落叶松人工林土壤微生物生物量碳氮的季节变化.生态学报,2009,29(10):5500-5507.
[13] Kaiser C,Fuchslueger L,Koranda M,Gorfer M,Stange C F,Kitzler B,Rasche F,Strauss J,Sessitsch A,Zechmeister-Boltenstern S,Richter A.Plants control the seasonal dynamics of microbial N cycling in a beech forest soil by belowground C allocation. Ecology,2011,92(5):1036-1051.
[14]梁珍海,刘德辉,卢义山,仇才楼,徐春,杨国富,康立新.泥质海岸防护林对滩涂土壤盐分的影响及机制.南京大学学报:自然科学版,1998,34(2):139-143.
[15] Hu Y,Wang L,Fu X H,Yan J F,Wu J H,Tsang Y F,Le Y Q,Sun Y. Salinity and nutrient contents of tidal water affects soil respiration and carbon sequestration of high and low tidal flats of Jiuduansha wetlands in different ways. Science of the Total Environment,2016,565:637-648.
[16]魏忠平,范俊岗,潘文利,陈罡,刘红民.泥质海岸盐碱地刺槐-杨树混交林改土效果研究.水土保持通报,2012,32(1):106-110,170-170.
[17]王洪,许跃华,张金池,张瑜,杨兴春.苏北泥质海岸盐碱地杨树纯林土壤的改良效应.中国水土保持科学,2013,11(1):65-68.
[18]邱月,刘平,魏忠平,范俊岗,邢献予,李仁平,宋岩,马成才.渤海泥质海岸四种典型防护林对土壤微生物生物量、酶活性及土壤养分的影响.土壤通报,2017,48(5):1119-1125.
[19]李春艳,李传荣,许景伟,宋海燕,郑莉,王月海.泥质海岸防护林土壤微生物、酶与土壤养分的研究.水土保持学报,2007,21(1):156-159,200-200.
[20] Wen L,Lei P F,Xiang W H,Yan W D,Liu S G. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in pure and mixed stands of Pinus massoniana and Cinnamomum camphora differing in stand age. Forest Ecology and Management,2014,328:150-158.
[21]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,肖和艾.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用.北京:气象出版社,2006.
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
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