炭基有机肥配施菌糠木醋液对污灌区土壤铬形态及玉米吸收的影响
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摘要
为了给炭基有机肥与菌糠木醋液的有效使用及重金属污染土壤修复等提供参考,探讨炭基有机肥与菌糠木醋液配施在玉米不同生育时期对污灌区土壤中铬(Cr)形态和玉米吸收Cr的影响,采用盆栽试验(10 kg土),研究了不同用量炭基有机肥(100、200、300 g)及其配施菌糠木醋液(1 m L)在玉米不同生育期对土壤各个形态Cr的含量、玉米各部位Cr的含量及玉米对Cr的富集与转移能力的影响。结果表明:不同用量炭基有机肥与菌糠木醋液配施后,在玉米的抽穗期与成熟期,土壤pH值与CK相比显著升高;在成熟期,与CK相比,土壤可交换态、碳酸盐结合态与有机结合态Cr含量分别平均降低了46. 75%、38. 89%与17. 68%,铁锰氧化态与残渣态Cr含量分别平均增加了21. 99%与33. 38%,且配施菌糠木醋液后炭基有机肥对于降低土壤中碳酸盐结合态Cr含量的效果更好;与CK相比,玉米各部位对Cr的富集系数均有不同程度的降低,而茎与叶部对Cr的转移系数均有不同程度的增加,不同用量炭基有机肥及其配施菌糠木醋液处理均能促进玉米生长,减少玉米各部位对Cr的吸收。炭基有机肥配施菌糠木醋液可以作为土壤改良剂应用在农田土壤Cr污染修复方面。
In order to provide reference of efficient use of carbon-based organic fertilizer combined with bacterial chaff wood vinegar and repairment of heavy metal contaminated soil,investigated the effects of carbon-based organic fertilizer combined with bacterial chaff wood vinegar on forms and absorption of Cr in soil during different growth stages of corn,a pot experiment( 10 kg soil) was conducted to study the application effects of different amounts of carbon-based organic fertilizer( 100,200,300 g) combined with bacterial chaff wood vinegar( 1 m L) on the content of different forms of Cr in soil,different parts of corn,moreover,the enrichment and transfer ability of Cr in different growth stages of corn. The results showedthat: After the application of different amounts of carbon-based organic fertilizer combined with bacterial chaff wood vinegar,the soil pH value was significantly higher than that of CK at the heading and maturity stage of corn. During maturity stage,compared to the CK,the Cr content of exchangeable,carbonate-bound and organical bound Cr were decreased by 46. 75%,38. 89% and 17. 68% on average. The content of Fe-Mn oxideo Cr and residual Cr were increased by 21. 99% and 33. 38% on average,combined with applied bacterial chaff wood vinegar,carbon-based organic fertilizer is better for reducing the content of carbonate combounded Cr in the soil. Compared with CK,the enrichment coefficients of Cr in different parts of corn were decreased to some extent,while the transfer coefficients of Cr to stem and leaf were increased to different degrees. The application of different amounts of carbon-based organic fertilizer combined with bacterial chaff wood vinegar can promote the growth of corn and reduce the absorption of Cr in different parts of corn. Carbon-based organic fertilizer combined with bacterial chaff wood vinegar can be used as a soil amendment in the repair of Cr pollution in farmland.
In order to provide reference of efficient use of carbon-based organic fertilizer combined with bacterial chaff wood vinegar and repairment of heavy metal contaminated soil,investigated the effects of carbon-based organic fertilizer combined with bacterial chaff wood vinegar on forms and absorption of Cr in soil during different growth stages of corn,a pot experiment( 10 kg soil) was conducted to study the application effects of different amounts of carbon-based organic fertilizer( 100,200,300 g) combined with bacterial chaff wood vinegar( 1 m L) on the content of different forms of Cr in soil,different parts of corn,moreover,the enrichment and transfer ability of Cr in different growth stages of corn. The results showedthat: After the application of different amounts of carbon-based organic fertilizer combined with bacterial chaff wood vinegar,the soil pH value was significantly higher than that of CK at the heading and maturity stage of corn. During maturity stage,compared to the CK,the Cr content of exchangeable,carbonate-bound and organical bound Cr were decreased by 46. 75%,38. 89% and 17. 68% on average. The content of Fe-Mn oxideo Cr and residual Cr were increased by 21. 99% and 33. 38% on average,combined with applied bacterial chaff wood vinegar,carbon-based organic fertilizer is better for reducing the content of carbonate combounded Cr in the soil. Compared with CK,the enrichment coefficients of Cr in different parts of corn were decreased to some extent,while the transfer coefficients of Cr to stem and leaf were increased to different degrees. The application of different amounts of carbon-based organic fertilizer combined with bacterial chaff wood vinegar can promote the growth of corn and reduce the absorption of Cr in different parts of corn. Carbon-based organic fertilizer combined with bacterial chaff wood vinegar can be used as a soil amendment in the repair of Cr pollution in farmland.
引文
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[9]俞映倞,薛利红,杨林章,等.生物炭添加对酸化土壤中小白菜氮素利用的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):759-767.
[10]张伟明,管学超,黄玉威,等.生物炭与化学肥料互作的大豆生物学效应[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):109-122.
[11] QIN W,MA X H,DONG J. Preparation,chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of pyroligneous acids from walnut tree branches[J]. Journal of Analytical&Applied Pyrolysis,2010,87(1):24-28.
[12]李忠徽,王旭东.灌施木醋液对土壤性质和植物生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):510-516.
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[14] TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSON M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[15]谢祖彬,刘琦,许燕萍,等.生物炭研究进展及其研究方向[J].土壤,2011,43(6):857-861.
[16]战秀梅,彭靖,王月,等.生物炭及炭基肥改良棕壤理化性状及提高花生产量的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(6):1633-1641.
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[20]蔡奎,段亚敏,栾文楼,等.石家庄农田区土壤重金属Cd、Cr、Pb、As、Hg形态分布特征及其影响因素[J].地球与环境,2014,42(6):742-749.
[21]丁疆华,温琰茂,舒强.土壤环境中镉、锌形态转化的探讨[J].城市环境与城市生态,2001(2):47-49.
[22]袁林,刘颖,兰玉书,等.不同玉米品种对镉吸收累积特性研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2018,36(1):22-27.
[23]王陈丝丝,马友华,于倩倩,等.钝化剂对农田土壤重金属形态与其稳定性影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(1):172-177.
[24]胡春花,达布希拉图,武闻权,等.木醋液及炭醋肥对设施土壤微生物数量及相关性的影响[J].土壤通报,2012,43(4):815-820.
[25]高海英,陈心想,张雯,等.生物炭和生物炭基氮肥的理化特征及其作物肥效评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(4):69-78.
[26]李超,刘思超,杨晶,等.不同有机肥部分替代基施化学氮肥对双季稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(6):1102-1110.
[27]唐珧,李丽君,张晓明,等.尿素与不同添加剂对土壤氮素淋溶的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1671-1676.
[28]聂胜委,张巧萍,李向东,等.施用不同菌渣肥对小麦/玉米轮作系统土壤养分的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(4):588-594.
[29]李超,谢英荷,李廷亮,等.施肥措施对旱地小麦产量与土壤硝态氮残留的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(4):583-587.
[30]高海英,何绪生,陈心想,等.生物炭及炭基硝酸铵肥料对土壤化学性质及作物产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(10):1948-1955.
[31] SARWAR N,MALHI S S,ZIA M H,et al. Role of mineral nutrition in minimizing cadmium accumulation by plants[J]. Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,2010,90(6):925-937.
[32]刘戈宇,柴团耀,孙涛,等.超富集植物遏蓝菜对重金属吸收、运输和累积的机制[J].生物工程学报,2010,26(5):561-568.
[33]郭媛媛,杜显元,刘亮,等.溶液p H对自然水体中多种固相介质吸附铅、镉、铜影响的比较[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,38(3):479-483.
[34]冯宜明,何明珠,徐向宏,等.金川尾矿库土壤与植物重金属富集特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(5):177-181.
[35] SOLS-DOMNGUEZ F A,GONZLEZ CHVEZ M C,CARRILLO-GONZLEZ R,et al. Accumulation and localization of cadmium in Echinochloa polystachya grown within a hydroponic system[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,141(3):630-636.
[36]闫研,李建平,赵志国,等.超富集植物对重金属耐受和富集机制的研究进展[J].广西植物,2008,28(4):505-510.
[37]刘冲,刘晓文,吴文成,等.生物炭及炭基肥对油麦菜生长及吸收重金属的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):3064-3070.
[38]翟海波.微生物强化植物富集重金属的机理[J].资源节约与环保,2015(4):151.
[39]陈懿,陈伟,林叶春,等.生物炭对植烟土壤微生态和烤烟生理的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3781-3787.
[40]王荣,刘吉青,周海霞,等.生物有机肥与保水剂对设施连作黄瓜生长和土壤肥力的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(8):45-53.
[41]逯昀.不同有机肥配比对温室黄瓜生长发育及产量、品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(5):94-98.
[2]王爽,李荣华,张增强,等.陕西潼关农田土壤及农作物重金属污染及潜在风险[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(9):2313-2320.
[3]董騄睿,胡文友,黄标,等.基于正定矩阵因子分析模型的城郊农田土壤重金属源解析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(7):2103-2111.
[4]张小凯,何丽芝,陆扣萍,等.生物质炭修复重金属及有机物污染土壤的研究进展[J].土壤,2013,45(6):970-977.
[5]王海候,陆长婴,沈明星,等.炭基有机肥对水稻产量及土壤养分的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(7):104-106.
[6]李江遐,吴林春,张军,等.生物炭修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(12):2075-2081.
[7]吴萍萍,李录久,王家嘉,等.秸秆生物炭对矿区污染土壤重金属形态转化的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(5):453-459.
[8]李衍亮,黄玉芬,魏岚,等.施用生物炭对重金属污染农田土壤改良及玉米生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(11):2233-2239.
[9]俞映倞,薛利红,杨林章,等.生物炭添加对酸化土壤中小白菜氮素利用的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):759-767.
[10]张伟明,管学超,黄玉威,等.生物炭与化学肥料互作的大豆生物学效应[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):109-122.
[11] QIN W,MA X H,DONG J. Preparation,chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of pyroligneous acids from walnut tree branches[J]. Journal of Analytical&Applied Pyrolysis,2010,87(1):24-28.
[12]李忠徽,王旭东.灌施木醋液对土壤性质和植物生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):510-516.
[13]刘玉学,刘微,吴伟祥,等.土壤生物质炭环境行为与环境效应[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(4):977-982.
[14] TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSON M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[15]谢祖彬,刘琦,许燕萍,等.生物炭研究进展及其研究方向[J].土壤,2011,43(6):857-861.
[16]战秀梅,彭靖,王月,等.生物炭及炭基肥改良棕壤理化性状及提高花生产量的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(6):1633-1641.
[17]曹勤英,黄志宏.污染土壤重金属形态分析及其影响因素研究进展[J].生态科学,2017,36(6):222-232.
[18]杜彩艳,祖艳群,李元. p H和有机质对土壤中镉和锌生物有效性影响研究[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,20(4):539-543.
[19] SINGH A K,HASNAIN S I,BANERJEE D K. Grain size and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals in sediments of the Damodar River—A tributary of the lower Ganga,India[J]. Environmental Geology,1999,39(1):90-98.
[20]蔡奎,段亚敏,栾文楼,等.石家庄农田区土壤重金属Cd、Cr、Pb、As、Hg形态分布特征及其影响因素[J].地球与环境,2014,42(6):742-749.
[21]丁疆华,温琰茂,舒强.土壤环境中镉、锌形态转化的探讨[J].城市环境与城市生态,2001(2):47-49.
[22]袁林,刘颖,兰玉书,等.不同玉米品种对镉吸收累积特性研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2018,36(1):22-27.
[23]王陈丝丝,马友华,于倩倩,等.钝化剂对农田土壤重金属形态与其稳定性影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(1):172-177.
[24]胡春花,达布希拉图,武闻权,等.木醋液及炭醋肥对设施土壤微生物数量及相关性的影响[J].土壤通报,2012,43(4):815-820.
[25]高海英,陈心想,张雯,等.生物炭和生物炭基氮肥的理化特征及其作物肥效评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(4):69-78.
[26]李超,刘思超,杨晶,等.不同有机肥部分替代基施化学氮肥对双季稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(6):1102-1110.
[27]唐珧,李丽君,张晓明,等.尿素与不同添加剂对土壤氮素淋溶的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1671-1676.
[28]聂胜委,张巧萍,李向东,等.施用不同菌渣肥对小麦/玉米轮作系统土壤养分的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(4):588-594.
[29]李超,谢英荷,李廷亮,等.施肥措施对旱地小麦产量与土壤硝态氮残留的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(4):583-587.
[30]高海英,何绪生,陈心想,等.生物炭及炭基硝酸铵肥料对土壤化学性质及作物产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(10):1948-1955.
[31] SARWAR N,MALHI S S,ZIA M H,et al. Role of mineral nutrition in minimizing cadmium accumulation by plants[J]. Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,2010,90(6):925-937.
[32]刘戈宇,柴团耀,孙涛,等.超富集植物遏蓝菜对重金属吸收、运输和累积的机制[J].生物工程学报,2010,26(5):561-568.
[33]郭媛媛,杜显元,刘亮,等.溶液p H对自然水体中多种固相介质吸附铅、镉、铜影响的比较[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,38(3):479-483.
[34]冯宜明,何明珠,徐向宏,等.金川尾矿库土壤与植物重金属富集特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(5):177-181.
[35] SOLS-DOMNGUEZ F A,GONZLEZ CHVEZ M C,CARRILLO-GONZLEZ R,et al. Accumulation and localization of cadmium in Echinochloa polystachya grown within a hydroponic system[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,141(3):630-636.
[36]闫研,李建平,赵志国,等.超富集植物对重金属耐受和富集机制的研究进展[J].广西植物,2008,28(4):505-510.
[37]刘冲,刘晓文,吴文成,等.生物炭及炭基肥对油麦菜生长及吸收重金属的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):3064-3070.
[38]翟海波.微生物强化植物富集重金属的机理[J].资源节约与环保,2015(4):151.
[39]陈懿,陈伟,林叶春,等.生物炭对植烟土壤微生态和烤烟生理的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3781-3787.
[40]王荣,刘吉青,周海霞,等.生物有机肥与保水剂对设施连作黄瓜生长和土壤肥力的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(8):45-53.
[41]逯昀.不同有机肥配比对温室黄瓜生长发育及产量、品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(5):94-98.