软岩巷道开挖面承载结构研究及分层支护设计
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摘要
通过研究深部软岩巷道开挖面围岩力学承载结构的形成机理和演化规律,指导巷道结构性失稳支护工艺设计。基于软岩力学模型和统一强度准则,考虑"开挖面效应、时间效应",推导围岩弹塑性解。在算例分析中,建立围岩力学承载结构,提出围岩结构性失稳的梯次支护的原理,发现围岩力学承载结构对巷道破坏特征有一定影响,并分析"面效应、时间效应"影响下的围岩力学承载结构稳定性。据此设计"短锚杆全长注浆端头锚注短锚索"梯次支护方法;经数值计算,可知改进后的梯次支护能够确定合理的锚注有效范围,该支护能使围岩形成稳定的承载结构,并及时减小围岩松动圈范围。
This paper focused on analyzing formation mechanism and evolution rule of surrounding rock mechanical bearing structure around deep soft roadway excavation face,guiding the design of support technology for roadway structural instability. Based on soften rock mechanics model and unified yield criterion,surrounding rock elastic-plastic solution Deduced was deduced with considering "Time effect-Face effect ". Through calculating-examples analysis, surrounding rock mechanical bearing structure was established, principle of multi-echelon supporting was put forward according to the surrounding rock structural instability. It was found that roadway failure characteristic was influenced by surrounding rock mechanical bearing structure. Mechanical bearing structure stability was analyzed under "Time-Face effect ". According to the above conclusion,design "full length anchoring and grouting of short anchor-End anchoring and grouting of anchor-short anchor cable"multi-echelon support. Numerical calculation found that the modified multi-echelon support could determine effective range of anchoring and grouting,and maintain steady surrounding rock bearing structure,decreased timely loosing circle of surrounding rock.
This paper focused on analyzing formation mechanism and evolution rule of surrounding rock mechanical bearing structure around deep soft roadway excavation face,guiding the design of support technology for roadway structural instability. Based on soften rock mechanics model and unified yield criterion,surrounding rock elastic-plastic solution Deduced was deduced with considering "Time effect-Face effect ". Through calculating-examples analysis, surrounding rock mechanical bearing structure was established, principle of multi-echelon supporting was put forward according to the surrounding rock structural instability. It was found that roadway failure characteristic was influenced by surrounding rock mechanical bearing structure. Mechanical bearing structure stability was analyzed under "Time-Face effect ". According to the above conclusion,design "full length anchoring and grouting of short anchor-End anchoring and grouting of anchor-short anchor cable"multi-echelon support. Numerical calculation found that the modified multi-echelon support could determine effective range of anchoring and grouting,and maintain steady surrounding rock bearing structure,decreased timely loosing circle of surrounding rock.
引文
[1]董方庭,宋宏伟,郭志宏.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):21-32.(Dong Fangting,Song Hongwei,Guo Zhihong.Roadway support theory based on broken rock zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(1):21-32.)
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[3]孟波,靖洪文,朱谭谭.西部侏罗系软岩巷道松动圈演化机理模型试验[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(6):1003-1010,1037.(Meng Bo,Jing Hongwen,Zhu Tantan.Model experiment on the evolution mechanism of broken rock zone of the Jurassic soft rock roadway in the west of China[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(6):1003-1010,1037.(in Chinese))
[4]方祖烈.拉压域特征及主次承载区的维护理论[A]∥何满潮,黄福昌,闫吉太,编.世纪之交软岩工程技术现状与展望[C].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999:48-51.(Fang Zulie.Characteristics of tensile zone and maintenance theory of primary and secondary bearing zone[A]∥He Manchao,Huang Fuchang,Yan Jitai,Ed.Soft rock engineering technology status and prospect at the turn of the century[C].Beijing:Coal Industry Press,1999:48-51.(in Chinese))
[5]李树清.深部煤巷围岩控制内、外承载结构耦合稳定原理的研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2008.(Li Shuqing.Study on coupling stability principle of deep coal roadway surrounding rock controlling internal and external load-bearing structure[D].Changsha:Central South University,2008.(in Chinese))
[6]李树清,王卫军,潘长良.深部巷道围岩承载结构的数值分析[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(3):377-381.(Li Shuqing,Wang Weijun,Pan Changliang.Numerical analysis on support structure of rock around deep roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(3):377-381.(in Chinese))
[7]王卫军,李树清,欧阳广斌.深井煤层巷道围岩控制技术及试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2012-2017.(Wang Weijun,Li Shuqing,Ouyang Guangbin.Study on technique and test of surrounding rock control of deep shaft coal roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2012-2017.(in Chinese))
[8]康红普.巷道围岩的承载圈分析[J].岩土力学,1996,17(4):84-89.(Kang Hongpu.Bearing ring analysis of roadway surrounding rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1996,17(4):84-89.(in Chinese))
[9]康红普.巷道围岩的关键圈理论[J].力学与实践,1997,19(1):34-36.(Kang Hongpu.The key ring theory of roadway surrounding rock[J].Mechanics in Engineering,1997,19(1):34-36.(in Chinese))
[10]余伟健,高谦,朱川曲.深部软弱围岩叠加拱承载体强度理论研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2134-2142.(Yu Weijian,Gao Qian,Zhu Chuanqu.Study of strength theory and application of overlap arch bearing body for deep soft surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2134-2142.(in Chinese))
[11]余伟健,王卫军,黄文忠,等.高应力软岩巷道变形与破坏机制及返修控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):614-623.(Yu Weijian,Wang Weijun,Huang Wenzhong,et al.Deformation mechanism and rework control technology of high stress and soft rock roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):614-623.(in Chinese))
[12]孙钧.岩石流变力学及其工程应用研究的若干进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1081-1106.(Sun Jun.Rock rheological mechanics and its advance in engineering applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1081-1106.(in Chinese))
[13]侯公羽,牛晓松.基于Levy-Mises本构关系及D-P屈服准则的轴对称圆巷理想弹塑性解[J].岩土力学,2009,30(6):1555-1562.(Hou Gongyu,Niu Xiaosong.Perfect elastic-plastic solution of axisymmetric circular openings in rock mass based on Levy-Mises constitutive relation and D-P yield criterion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(6):1555-1562.(in Chinese))
[14]侯公羽,牛晓松.基于Levy-Mises本构关系及HoekBrown屈服准则的轴对称圆巷理想弹塑性解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):765-777.(Hou Gongyu,Niu Xiaosong.Perfect elastic-plastic solution of axisymmetric cylindrical cavity based on Levy-Mises constitutive relation and Hoek-Brown failure criterion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):765-777.(in Chinese))
[15]彭瑞,孟祥瑞,赵光明,等.基于增量型本构关系的深埋巷道开挖面附近围岩统一解[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(3):444-452.(Peng Rui,Meng Xiangrui,Zhao Guangming,et al.Surrounding rock unified solution near deep-buried roadway excavation workface considering incremental constitutive relationship[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(3):444-452.(in Chinese))
[16]陆银龙,王连国,杨峰,等.软弱岩石峰后应变软化力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):640-648.(Lu Yinlong,Wang Lianguo,Yang Feng,et al.Post-peak strain softening mechanical properties of weak rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):640-648.(in Chinese))
[17]刘建忠,杨春和,李晓红,等.万开高速公路穿越煤系地层的巷道围岩蠕变特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22):3794-3798.(Liu Jianzhong,Yang Chunhe,Li Xiaohong,et al.Testing study on creep of coal rocks in the tunnel of Wan-Kai express way[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(22):3794-3798.(in Chinese))
[18]王芝银,李云鹏.岩体流变理论及其数值模拟[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.(Wang Zhiyin,Li Yunpeng.Rock mass rheology theory and numerical simulation[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[2]陈建功,贺虎,张永兴.巷道围岩松动圈形成机理的动静力学解析[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(12):1964-1968.(Chen Jiangong,He Hu,Zhang Yongxing.Dynamic and static analysis of mechanism of loosen zone in surrounding rock of tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(12):1964-1968.(in Chinese))
[3]孟波,靖洪文,朱谭谭.西部侏罗系软岩巷道松动圈演化机理模型试验[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(6):1003-1010,1037.(Meng Bo,Jing Hongwen,Zhu Tantan.Model experiment on the evolution mechanism of broken rock zone of the Jurassic soft rock roadway in the west of China[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(6):1003-1010,1037.(in Chinese))
[4]方祖烈.拉压域特征及主次承载区的维护理论[A]∥何满潮,黄福昌,闫吉太,编.世纪之交软岩工程技术现状与展望[C].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999:48-51.(Fang Zulie.Characteristics of tensile zone and maintenance theory of primary and secondary bearing zone[A]∥He Manchao,Huang Fuchang,Yan Jitai,Ed.Soft rock engineering technology status and prospect at the turn of the century[C].Beijing:Coal Industry Press,1999:48-51.(in Chinese))
[5]李树清.深部煤巷围岩控制内、外承载结构耦合稳定原理的研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2008.(Li Shuqing.Study on coupling stability principle of deep coal roadway surrounding rock controlling internal and external load-bearing structure[D].Changsha:Central South University,2008.(in Chinese))
[6]李树清,王卫军,潘长良.深部巷道围岩承载结构的数值分析[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(3):377-381.(Li Shuqing,Wang Weijun,Pan Changliang.Numerical analysis on support structure of rock around deep roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(3):377-381.(in Chinese))
[7]王卫军,李树清,欧阳广斌.深井煤层巷道围岩控制技术及试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2012-2017.(Wang Weijun,Li Shuqing,Ouyang Guangbin.Study on technique and test of surrounding rock control of deep shaft coal roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2012-2017.(in Chinese))
[8]康红普.巷道围岩的承载圈分析[J].岩土力学,1996,17(4):84-89.(Kang Hongpu.Bearing ring analysis of roadway surrounding rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1996,17(4):84-89.(in Chinese))
[9]康红普.巷道围岩的关键圈理论[J].力学与实践,1997,19(1):34-36.(Kang Hongpu.The key ring theory of roadway surrounding rock[J].Mechanics in Engineering,1997,19(1):34-36.(in Chinese))
[10]余伟健,高谦,朱川曲.深部软弱围岩叠加拱承载体强度理论研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2134-2142.(Yu Weijian,Gao Qian,Zhu Chuanqu.Study of strength theory and application of overlap arch bearing body for deep soft surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2134-2142.(in Chinese))
[11]余伟健,王卫军,黄文忠,等.高应力软岩巷道变形与破坏机制及返修控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):614-623.(Yu Weijian,Wang Weijun,Huang Wenzhong,et al.Deformation mechanism and rework control technology of high stress and soft rock roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):614-623.(in Chinese))
[12]孙钧.岩石流变力学及其工程应用研究的若干进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1081-1106.(Sun Jun.Rock rheological mechanics and its advance in engineering applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1081-1106.(in Chinese))
[13]侯公羽,牛晓松.基于Levy-Mises本构关系及D-P屈服准则的轴对称圆巷理想弹塑性解[J].岩土力学,2009,30(6):1555-1562.(Hou Gongyu,Niu Xiaosong.Perfect elastic-plastic solution of axisymmetric circular openings in rock mass based on Levy-Mises constitutive relation and D-P yield criterion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(6):1555-1562.(in Chinese))
[14]侯公羽,牛晓松.基于Levy-Mises本构关系及HoekBrown屈服准则的轴对称圆巷理想弹塑性解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):765-777.(Hou Gongyu,Niu Xiaosong.Perfect elastic-plastic solution of axisymmetric cylindrical cavity based on Levy-Mises constitutive relation and Hoek-Brown failure criterion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):765-777.(in Chinese))
[15]彭瑞,孟祥瑞,赵光明,等.基于增量型本构关系的深埋巷道开挖面附近围岩统一解[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(3):444-452.(Peng Rui,Meng Xiangrui,Zhao Guangming,et al.Surrounding rock unified solution near deep-buried roadway excavation workface considering incremental constitutive relationship[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(3):444-452.(in Chinese))
[16]陆银龙,王连国,杨峰,等.软弱岩石峰后应变软化力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):640-648.(Lu Yinlong,Wang Lianguo,Yang Feng,et al.Post-peak strain softening mechanical properties of weak rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):640-648.(in Chinese))
[17]刘建忠,杨春和,李晓红,等.万开高速公路穿越煤系地层的巷道围岩蠕变特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22):3794-3798.(Liu Jianzhong,Yang Chunhe,Li Xiaohong,et al.Testing study on creep of coal rocks in the tunnel of Wan-Kai express way[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(22):3794-3798.(in Chinese))
[18]王芝银,李云鹏.岩体流变理论及其数值模拟[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.(Wang Zhiyin,Li Yunpeng.Rock mass rheology theory and numerical simulation[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.(in Chinese))
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