大气污染物排放量与颗粒物环境空气质量的空间非协同耦合研究——以武汉市为例
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摘要
针对区域大气污染物排放量与空气质量在时空分布上存在不完全协同、匹配的现象,论文选择SO_2、NO_X、PM_(2.5)、CO和VOCs作为大气污染物指标,选择气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD)表征颗粒物环境空气质量,以武汉市为例,综合应用耦合模型和空间错位指数模型研究2类指标之间的空间非协同耦合规律。主要结论如下:①武汉市大气污染物排放量与颗粒物空气质量具有不同空间分布特征,大气污染物排放量呈现由城市中心城区向远城区递减的趋势,其中SO_2、PM_(2.5)和VOCs的排放具有明显的中心聚集现象,而NO_X和CO聚集现象不显著,且与道路分布明显相关;AOD分布具有明显的空间差异性,总体上呈由西北向东南依次递减的趋势。②武汉市大气污染物排放与颗粒物空气质量的空间非协同耦合规律:越靠近城市中心城区,空间协同耦合现象越显著,空间错位现象越弱;越远离主城区,空间非协同耦合现象越显著,空间错位现象越显著;SO_2排放量与AOD在武汉市远城区的空间错位指数均大于0.7,且耦合度指数小于0.3,呈现较强的非协同耦合特征,NO_X、VOCs、PM_(2.5)的排放量与AOD在武汉中心城区的空间错位指数均小于0.5,且耦合度指数大于0.5,协同耦合现象较为显著。③基于时空非协同耦合分析城市大气环境污染治理建议:针对污染物与AOD空间错位不显著的城市中心城区,以本地减排治理为主;针对污染物与AOD空间错位显著的远城区,应在污染溯源分析的基础上进行区域协调综合治理。
As the spatial and temporal distributions of regional air pollutant emissions and air quality do not completely match, SO_2, NO_X, PM_(2.5), CO, and VOCs were selected as indicators of air pollutants, and aerosol optical depth(AOD) was selected to characterize the ambient air quality of particulate matters in this study to examine their spatial coupling. Taking Wuhan City as an example, the coupling model and spatial dislocation index model were used to study the spatial non-coupling pattern of the two indices. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) Air pollutant emissions and particulate matter-related air quality in Wuhan City present different spatial distribution characteristics. The emissions of atmospheric pollutants showed a decreasing trend from the central area of the city to the surrounding areas. The emissions of SO_2, PM_(2.5), and VOCs presented an obvious central aggregation phenomenon, while NO_X and CO aggregation was not significant, but was significantly related to the distribution of roads. The distribution of AOD showed clear spatial heterogeneity, and generally decreased from northwest to southeast. 2) The spatial coupling pattern of air pollutant emissions and particulate matter-related air quality in Wuhan City indicates that the closer to the urban center, the more significant the spatial co-occurrence, and the weaker the spatial dislocation was. The farther away from the main urban area, the more significant the spatial non-coupling or dislocation was. The spatial dislocation index value of SO_2 emission and AOD in the surrounding urban areas of Wuhan City was greater than 0.7 and the coupling index value was less than 0.3, showing a strong non-coupling feature. The spatial dislocation index of NO_X, VOCs, and PM_(2.5) emissions and AOD in the central urban area of Wuhan City was less than 0.5 and the coupling index was greater than 0.5, showing a significant coupling phenomenon. 3) The suggestions for urban air pollution control based on the spatiotemporal non-coupling analysis are: for the central urban areas where the spatial dislocation between pollutant discharge and AOD is not significant, local emission reduction is the main method for pollution control. Comprehensive measures should be formulated on the basis of pollution souce identification for the surrounding areas with significant spatial dislocation of pollutant discharge and AOD.
As the spatial and temporal distributions of regional air pollutant emissions and air quality do not completely match, SO_2, NO_X, PM_(2.5), CO, and VOCs were selected as indicators of air pollutants, and aerosol optical depth(AOD) was selected to characterize the ambient air quality of particulate matters in this study to examine their spatial coupling. Taking Wuhan City as an example, the coupling model and spatial dislocation index model were used to study the spatial non-coupling pattern of the two indices. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) Air pollutant emissions and particulate matter-related air quality in Wuhan City present different spatial distribution characteristics. The emissions of atmospheric pollutants showed a decreasing trend from the central area of the city to the surrounding areas. The emissions of SO_2, PM_(2.5), and VOCs presented an obvious central aggregation phenomenon, while NO_X and CO aggregation was not significant, but was significantly related to the distribution of roads. The distribution of AOD showed clear spatial heterogeneity, and generally decreased from northwest to southeast. 2) The spatial coupling pattern of air pollutant emissions and particulate matter-related air quality in Wuhan City indicates that the closer to the urban center, the more significant the spatial co-occurrence, and the weaker the spatial dislocation was. The farther away from the main urban area, the more significant the spatial non-coupling or dislocation was. The spatial dislocation index value of SO_2 emission and AOD in the surrounding urban areas of Wuhan City was greater than 0.7 and the coupling index value was less than 0.3, showing a strong non-coupling feature. The spatial dislocation index of NO_X, VOCs, and PM_(2.5) emissions and AOD in the central urban area of Wuhan City was less than 0.5 and the coupling index was greater than 0.5, showing a significant coupling phenomenon. 3) The suggestions for urban air pollution control based on the spatiotemporal non-coupling analysis are: for the central urban areas where the spatial dislocation between pollutant discharge and AOD is not significant, local emission reduction is the main method for pollution control. Comprehensive measures should be formulated on the basis of pollution souce identification for the surrounding areas with significant spatial dislocation of pollutant discharge and AOD.
引文
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王华,郭阳洁,洪松,等.2013.区域气溶胶光学厚度空间格局特征研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),38(7):869-874.[Wang H,Guo Y J,Hong S,et al.2013.Regional aerosol optical thickness spatial pattern characteristics.Journal of Wuhan University(Information Science Edition),38(7):869-874.]
王美红,孙根年,康国栋.2009.中国旅游LR-NS-FA空间错位的组合矩阵分析[J].人文地理,24(4):115-119.[Wang M H,Sun G N,Kang G D.2009.China's tourism LR-NS-FA spatial misalignment combination matrix analysis.Human Geography,24(4):115-119.]
武汉市统计局.2016.武汉市2015年暨“十二五”期间国民经济和社会发展统计公报[M].[Wuhan Bureau of Statistics.2016.Statistical communique on national economic and social development in 2015 and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period in Wuhan.]
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