不同土地利用方式峰丛坡地土壤入渗特征及其模拟
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摘要
喀斯特峰丛坡地的水土过程基础研究相对短缺,阻碍了相关土壤水文机理认识和适合该区模型的构建。为探明峰丛坡地上土壤入渗性能及变化过程,提出适合峰丛坡地的土壤入渗模型,通过室内一维垂直入渗试验,研究了峰丛坡地上不同土地利用方式土壤的初渗率、稳渗率及平均入渗率,并利用Horton,Philip,Kostiakov及经验通用模型拟合其入渗过程并进行评价。结果表明:(1)峰丛坡地上灌木林地的土壤砂粒含量约占50%以上,土壤渗透性能较强,而梯田旱地黏粒含量较高、有机质含量低,土壤渗透性能较差。(2)不同土地利用土壤前期入渗率均较高,为1.33～3.17cm/min,随后入渗速率急剧下降82.2%～96.2%,在20min左右达到稳定入渗率。灌木林地的前期入渗率下降幅度最大,而裸石地和梯田旱地相对缓慢。(3)Horton模型适宜于描述喀斯特峰丛坡地的土壤入渗过程,Horton模型的初始入渗率和稳定入渗率与实测值较为接近,而Kostiakov和Philip模型的拟合值与实测值存在差距。本研究为进一步认识峰丛坡地土壤水分入渗机理及构建入渗模型提供了理论依据。
The basic research on water and soil processes in the karst peaks hillsides is relatively short,which hinders the understanding of relevant soil hydrological mechanisms and the construction of suitable models.In order to determine the soil infiltration performance and the process of variation on the karst hillsides,and to evaluate the fitting of several common infiltration models on infiltration process,the soil infiltration process and performance under different land use patterns on the karst hillsides were explored by one-dimensional vertical infiltration experiment,and evaluated by different infiltration models such as Horton,Philip,Kostiakov and others.The results showed that:(1)the sand contents were more than 50%in shrub woodlands,thus exhibited higher soil permeability than the other land use patterns;while terraced fields had higher clay content and lower organic matter content,and soil permeability was poorer in these fields;(2)the early infiltration rates of different land uses were higher,and ranged between 1.33 cm/min and 3.17 cm/min,then the infiltration rate decreased by the range from 82.2%to 96.2%,and reached to the steady infiltration rate in about 20 min;in particular,the decline rate of pre-infiltration rate of shrub woodland was the most significant,while that of bare rock gravel and terrace was relatively slow;(3)the Horton model was more suitable for describing soil infiltration process in karst hillsides,and the simulated initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate were close to the measured values,while the values fitted by the Kostiakov and Philip models were not very close to the measured values.The research provides the theoretical basis for further study of soil moisture movement and establish the infiltration model in karst hillsides.
The basic research on water and soil processes in the karst peaks hillsides is relatively short,which hinders the understanding of relevant soil hydrological mechanisms and the construction of suitable models.In order to determine the soil infiltration performance and the process of variation on the karst hillsides,and to evaluate the fitting of several common infiltration models on infiltration process,the soil infiltration process and performance under different land use patterns on the karst hillsides were explored by one-dimensional vertical infiltration experiment,and evaluated by different infiltration models such as Horton,Philip,Kostiakov and others.The results showed that:(1)the sand contents were more than 50%in shrub woodlands,thus exhibited higher soil permeability than the other land use patterns;while terraced fields had higher clay content and lower organic matter content,and soil permeability was poorer in these fields;(2)the early infiltration rates of different land uses were higher,and ranged between 1.33 cm/min and 3.17 cm/min,then the infiltration rate decreased by the range from 82.2%to 96.2%,and reached to the steady infiltration rate in about 20 min;in particular,the decline rate of pre-infiltration rate of shrub woodland was the most significant,while that of bare rock gravel and terrace was relatively slow;(3)the Horton model was more suitable for describing soil infiltration process in karst hillsides,and the simulated initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate were close to the measured values,while the values fitted by the Kostiakov and Philip models were not very close to the measured values.The research provides the theoretical basis for further study of soil moisture movement and establish the infiltration model in karst hillsides.
引文
[1]夏江宝,杨吉华,李红云.不同外界条件下土壤入渗性能的研究[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(2):115-117.
[2]吕刚,吴祥云.土壤入渗特性影响因素研究综述[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(7):494-499.
[3] Zhang G S,Chan K Y,Oates A,et al.Relationship between soil structure and runoff/soil loss after 24years of conservation tillage[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2007,92(1):122-128.
[4]李卓,刘永红,杨勤.土壤水分入渗影响机制研究综述[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(5):124-130.
[5]刘丽红,蒋勇军,王翱宇,等.岩溶槽谷区不同土地利用方式土壤入渗规律研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(4):51-55.
[6]张治伟,朱章雄,王燕,等.岩溶坡地不同利用类型土壤入渗性能及其影响因素[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):71-76.
[7]王佩将,戴全厚,丁贵杰,等.喀斯特地区植被恢复过程中土壤渗透性能及其影响因素[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):12-18.
[8]寇小华,王文,郑国权.土壤水分入渗模型的研究方法综述[J].亚热带水土保持,2013,25(3):53-55.
[9] Kostiakov A N.On the dynamics of the coefficient of water percolation in soils and on the necessity of studying it from a dynamic point of view for the purposes of amelioration[J].Soil Science,1932,97(1):17-21.
[10] Philip J R.The theory of infiltration[J].Soil Science,1957,83(5):345-357.
[11] Horton R.An approach toward a physical interpretation of infiltration capacity[J].Soil Science America Proceedings,1940(3):399-417.
[12] Green W H,Ampt G A.Studies on soil physics:flow of air and water through soils[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1911(4):1-24.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[14]陈建刚,李启军,侯旭峰,等.妫水河流域不同植被覆盖条件下土壤入渗及模型的比较分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2004,2(3):22-26.
[15]黄高宝,罗珠珠,辛平,等.耕作方式对黄土高原旱地土壤渗透性能的影响[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(6):5-9.
[16]刘艇,王继红.不同植被覆盖土壤水库容特征及渗透速率[J].四川农业大学学报,2010,28(4):471-475.
[17]胡阳,邓艳,蒋忠诚,等.岩溶坡地不同植被类型土壤水分入渗特征及其影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):597-604.
[18] Chen X,Zhang Z,Chen X,et al.The impact of land use and land cover changes on soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity along the karst hillslopes of southwest China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2009,59(4):811-820.
[19]方胜,彭韬,王世杰,等.喀斯特坡地土壤稳渗率空间分布变化特征研究[J].地球与环境,2014,42(1):1-10.
[20]赵锦梅,张德罡,刘长仲,等.祁连山东段高寒地区土地利用方式对土壤性状的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(2):548-556.
[21]李卓.土壤机械组成及容重对水分特征参数影响模拟试验研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[22]范严伟,赵文举,冀宏.垂直一维入渗土壤水分分布与入渗特性数值模拟[J].兰州理工大学学报,2012,38(2):51-55.
[23]李红星,樊贵盛.非饱和土壤有压入渗经验模型研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2009,40(4):383-387.
[24]刘营营,佘冬立,刘冬冬,等.土地利用与土壤容重双因子对土壤水分入渗过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):84-88.
[25]韩冰,吴钦孝,李秧秧,等.黄土丘陵区人工油松林地土壤入渗特征的研究[J].防护林科技,2004(5):1-3.
[26]刘霞,张光灿,李雪蕾,等.小流域生态修复过程中不同森林植被土壤入渗与贮水特征[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(6):1-5.
[27]刘洁,李贤伟,纪中华,等.元谋干热河谷3种植被恢复模式土壤贮水及入渗特性[J].生态学报,2011,31(8):2331-2340.
[28]刘翔,周宏飞,刘昊,等.不同类型生物土壤结皮覆盖下风沙土的入渗特征及模拟[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):5820-5826.
[2]吕刚,吴祥云.土壤入渗特性影响因素研究综述[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(7):494-499.
[3] Zhang G S,Chan K Y,Oates A,et al.Relationship between soil structure and runoff/soil loss after 24years of conservation tillage[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2007,92(1):122-128.
[4]李卓,刘永红,杨勤.土壤水分入渗影响机制研究综述[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(5):124-130.
[5]刘丽红,蒋勇军,王翱宇,等.岩溶槽谷区不同土地利用方式土壤入渗规律研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(4):51-55.
[6]张治伟,朱章雄,王燕,等.岩溶坡地不同利用类型土壤入渗性能及其影响因素[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):71-76.
[7]王佩将,戴全厚,丁贵杰,等.喀斯特地区植被恢复过程中土壤渗透性能及其影响因素[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):12-18.
[8]寇小华,王文,郑国权.土壤水分入渗模型的研究方法综述[J].亚热带水土保持,2013,25(3):53-55.
[9] Kostiakov A N.On the dynamics of the coefficient of water percolation in soils and on the necessity of studying it from a dynamic point of view for the purposes of amelioration[J].Soil Science,1932,97(1):17-21.
[10] Philip J R.The theory of infiltration[J].Soil Science,1957,83(5):345-357.
[11] Horton R.An approach toward a physical interpretation of infiltration capacity[J].Soil Science America Proceedings,1940(3):399-417.
[12] Green W H,Ampt G A.Studies on soil physics:flow of air and water through soils[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1911(4):1-24.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[14]陈建刚,李启军,侯旭峰,等.妫水河流域不同植被覆盖条件下土壤入渗及模型的比较分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2004,2(3):22-26.
[15]黄高宝,罗珠珠,辛平,等.耕作方式对黄土高原旱地土壤渗透性能的影响[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(6):5-9.
[16]刘艇,王继红.不同植被覆盖土壤水库容特征及渗透速率[J].四川农业大学学报,2010,28(4):471-475.
[17]胡阳,邓艳,蒋忠诚,等.岩溶坡地不同植被类型土壤水分入渗特征及其影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):597-604.
[18] Chen X,Zhang Z,Chen X,et al.The impact of land use and land cover changes on soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity along the karst hillslopes of southwest China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2009,59(4):811-820.
[19]方胜,彭韬,王世杰,等.喀斯特坡地土壤稳渗率空间分布变化特征研究[J].地球与环境,2014,42(1):1-10.
[20]赵锦梅,张德罡,刘长仲,等.祁连山东段高寒地区土地利用方式对土壤性状的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(2):548-556.
[21]李卓.土壤机械组成及容重对水分特征参数影响模拟试验研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[22]范严伟,赵文举,冀宏.垂直一维入渗土壤水分分布与入渗特性数值模拟[J].兰州理工大学学报,2012,38(2):51-55.
[23]李红星,樊贵盛.非饱和土壤有压入渗经验模型研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2009,40(4):383-387.
[24]刘营营,佘冬立,刘冬冬,等.土地利用与土壤容重双因子对土壤水分入渗过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):84-88.
[25]韩冰,吴钦孝,李秧秧,等.黄土丘陵区人工油松林地土壤入渗特征的研究[J].防护林科技,2004(5):1-3.
[26]刘霞,张光灿,李雪蕾,等.小流域生态修复过程中不同森林植被土壤入渗与贮水特征[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(6):1-5.
[27]刘洁,李贤伟,纪中华,等.元谋干热河谷3种植被恢复模式土壤贮水及入渗特性[J].生态学报,2011,31(8):2331-2340.
[28]刘翔,周宏飞,刘昊,等.不同类型生物土壤结皮覆盖下风沙土的入渗特征及模拟[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):5820-5826.