旅游还是游憩?我国国家公园的公众利用表述方式反思
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摘要
自国家公园试点工作推行以来,有关国家公园到底能不能开展旅游活动以及开展什么样的旅游活动,到底是旅游活动还是游憩活动的争议从未停止。在分析"旅游"和"游憩"内涵的基础上,结合国外在国家公园利用方式的相应表述,根据我国建设国家公园的基本国情,对我国国家公园建设中的"游憩"与"旅游"问题进行了讨论。结论认为:国家公园内的"游憩"与"旅游"实际上是一体两面,在公园的功能定位与分区规划中,使用"游憩"一词比较合适,以体现国家公园的公益性目标。但在国家公园的具体运营管理中,使用"生态旅游"一词进行表述更恰当。在谈及旅游与国家公园的矛盾时,使用"旅游开发"更符合事实。
The National Park System pilot practiced in China has arose numerous discussion about the policy and the practice of national park management in China's context, however,tourism becomes one of the most controversial topics in national parks establishment, whether it is possible to develop tourism in national park, or what kind of "tourism" could be approved in national park, or we should use the term "tourism" or "recreation" in national park context.Based on the analysis of the connotation of "tourism" and "recreation", combined with the corresponding expressions in international national parks, this article discusses "recreation" and "tourism" in national parks within the context of China. The findings indicate that "recreation" is the other side of tourism. "Recreation" is appropriate for the functional positioning and planning of parks which reflects the public welfare goals of national parks. However, in the specific operation and management of national parks, it is more appropriate to use the term "ecotourism". When we talk about the contradiction between tourism and national parks, the use of "tourism development" is more in line with the facts.
The National Park System pilot practiced in China has arose numerous discussion about the policy and the practice of national park management in China's context, however,tourism becomes one of the most controversial topics in national parks establishment, whether it is possible to develop tourism in national park, or what kind of "tourism" could be approved in national park, or we should use the term "tourism" or "recreation" in national park context.Based on the analysis of the connotation of "tourism" and "recreation", combined with the corresponding expressions in international national parks, this article discusses "recreation" and "tourism" in national parks within the context of China. The findings indicate that "recreation" is the other side of tourism. "Recreation" is appropriate for the functional positioning and planning of parks which reflects the public welfare goals of national parks. However, in the specific operation and management of national parks, it is more appropriate to use the term "ecotourism". When we talk about the contradiction between tourism and national parks, the use of "tourism development" is more in line with the facts.
引文
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[12]张朝枝,屈册.旅游是什么:基于社会大众视角的反思.旅游科学, 2015, 29(1):1-10.[ZHANG C Z, QU C. What is tourism:Reflections from the perspective of social public. Tourism Science, 2015, 29(1):1-10.]
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[16]章光日.从大城市到都市区:全球化时代中国城市规划的挑战与机遇.城市规划, 2003, 27(5):33-37.[ZHANG G R.From large city to metropolitan area challenge and opportunities toward the Chinese urban planning at the time of globalization. City Planning Review, 2003, 27(5):33-37.]
[17]吴承照.游憩规划的定性、定位与定向.城市规划学刊, 1997,(6):23-27.[WU C Z. Qualitative, orientation and orientation of recreation planning. Urban Planning Review, 1997,(6):23-27.]
[18]保继刚,楚义芳.旅游地理学(第3版).北京:高等教育出版社, 2012:1-2.[BAO J G, CHU Y F. Tourism Geography(The 3rdedition). Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2012:1-2.]
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[20]陈克林.湿地公园建设管理问题的探讨.湿地科学, 2005, 3(4):298-301.[CHEN K L. Possible solution on management and construction of wetlands park. Wetland Science, 2005, 3(4):298-301.]
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[22]王铁,张宪玉.基于概率模型的环城游憩带乡村旅游开发决策路径研究.旅游学刊, 2009, 24(11):30-35.[WANG T,ZHANG X Y. Study on development decision-making path of Recreational Belt Around Metropolis(ReBAM)rural tourism based on probability model. Tourism Tribune, 2009, 24(11):30-35.]
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