云南普洱可食用棠梨花的民族植物学初步研究
|
摘要
云南拥有独特的食花文化,蕴藏着丰富的食花资源与传统知识。棠梨花是云南分布最广、最为常见的食用花资源之一,是民间对可食用蔷薇科梨属(Pyrus)植物花的统称,其具体涉及的物种以及民间利用知识与现状尚待研究阐明。该研究在文献研究基础上,初步选择云南省普洱市的思茅区和墨江县,在棠梨花采集旺季,开展了民族植物学调查,包括标本采集与鉴定、集市调查与半结构式访谈。结果表明:(1)该地区食用棠梨花来自三种野生梨属植物,即川梨(P. pashia)、杜梨(P. betulifolia)和无毛川梨(P. pashia var. kumaoni),其中川梨利用频率最高。(2)棠梨花在集市上早春野生蔬菜中比重高,在当地和外地同时显示了很大的市场潜力。(3)当地民族在棠梨花的采后处理与加工方式上,具有高度的一致性。(4)食用理由主要包括清热、应季和无污染。该研究阐明了可食用棠梨花的物种、相关传统知识与利用现状,为棠梨花的资源价值与影响力评估提供了参考,为进一步探讨食花的文化因素与生理学意义提供了基础。
Yunnan is famous for its floriphagia culture,and the correlated traditional knowledge is crucial for edible flower resource exploration. "Tangli"flower,a general and collective name for a group of popular medicinal edible flowers in Yunnan Province,belongs to genus Pyrus. Information on which Pyrus species are used and how to use is left unknown. In this study,based on literatures review,we conducted field and peak season market survey,voucher specimen collection and semi-structure interview for wild edible"Tangli"flower in Simao District and Mojiang County of Puer City in Yunnan Province,which is one of the most productive areas for"Tangli". The results were as follows:( 1) The edible"Tangli"flower involved three Pyrus taxa,they were P. pashia,P. pashia var. kumaoni and P. betulifolia,amongst which P. pashia was the most frequently used.( 2) "Tangli"flower buds composed a prominent part of the early spring wild edible collections and showed notable potential in both local and external markets.( 3) Informants from different ethnic groups practice the post-harvest treatment and preparation had high consistency.( 4) Heat-clearing,adapt to the season alternation and contamination free were listed as the most specific aims for eating "Tangli"flowers. This study provides references for taxonomic information on the"Tangli"flowers,traditional knowledge on their process and uses,and for estimation of resource value and influence,flowers for a wider market and to a value-added product,and provides physiological significance and cultural issue of edible flowers as well.
Yunnan is famous for its floriphagia culture,and the correlated traditional knowledge is crucial for edible flower resource exploration. "Tangli"flower,a general and collective name for a group of popular medicinal edible flowers in Yunnan Province,belongs to genus Pyrus. Information on which Pyrus species are used and how to use is left unknown. In this study,based on literatures review,we conducted field and peak season market survey,voucher specimen collection and semi-structure interview for wild edible"Tangli"flower in Simao District and Mojiang County of Puer City in Yunnan Province,which is one of the most productive areas for"Tangli". The results were as follows:( 1) The edible"Tangli"flower involved three Pyrus taxa,they were P. pashia,P. pashia var. kumaoni and P. betulifolia,amongst which P. pashia was the most frequently used.( 2) "Tangli"flower buds composed a prominent part of the early spring wild edible collections and showed notable potential in both local and external markets.( 3) Informants from different ethnic groups practice the post-harvest treatment and preparation had high consistency.( 4) Heat-clearing,adapt to the season alternation and contamination free were listed as the most specific aims for eating "Tangli"flowers. This study provides references for taxonomic information on the"Tangli"flowers,traditional knowledge on their process and uses,and for estimation of resource value and influence,flowers for a wider market and to a value-added product,and provides physiological significance and cultural issue of edible flowers as well.
引文
AWAD AB,FINK CS,2000.Phytosterols as anticancer dietary components:Evidence and mechanism of action[J].JNutr,130(9):2127-2130.
BAO XH,QIU QW,2007.Simao Pyrus betulaefolia resources and utilization in Yunnan[J].For By-Product Spec Chin,5:62-64.[鲍晓华,邱其伟,2007.云南思茅野生棠梨资源及其开发利用[J].中国林副特产,5:62-64.]
CUNNINGHAM AB,2001.Applied ethnobotany:People,wild plant use and conservation[M].Oryx,35(3):269-270.
HUANG M,WU SB,2012.The origin and evolution of Pyrus plant and cultivated pear in Yunnan[J].N Hortic,20:172-175.[黄敏,武绍波,2012.云南梨属植物及栽培梨的起源与演化[J].北方园艺,20:172-175.]
HE JM,YIN TP,CHEN Y,et al.,2015.Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of edible flowers of Pyrus pashia[J].J Funct Foods,17:371-379.
Kunming Institute of Botany,2006.Flora Yunnanica[M].Beijing:Science Press,12:416-420.[中国科学院昆明植物研究所,2006.云南植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,12:416-420.]
LARACORTS E,OSORIODAZ P,JIMNEZAPARICIO A,et al.,2013.Nutritional content,functional properties and conservation of edible flowers review[J].Arch Latinoamer Nutr,63(3):197-208.
LI B,LI XM,ZHANG CY,et al.,2004.Cellular mechanism of renal proximal tubular epithelial cell injury induced by aristolochic acid I and aristololsctsm I[J].J Peking Univ(Health Sci),36(1):36-40.[李彪,李晓玫,张翠英,等,2004.马兜铃酸I及马兜铃内酰胺I对肾小管上皮细胞损伤的差异[J].北京大学学报(医学版),36(1):36-40.]
LIU CS,TAI ZG,LIU Y,et al.,2011.Chemical constitute of the flower of Pyrus pashia Buch.-Han.ex D.Don[J].Lishizhen Med Mat Med Res,22(10):2373-2375.[刘传水,太志刚,刘阳,等,2011.棠梨花化学成分研究[J].时珍国医国药,22(10):2373-2375.]
LIU YT,LONG CL,2011.Studies on edible flowers consumed by ethnic group in Yunnan[J].Acta Bot Yunnan,23(4):41-56.[刘怡涛,龙春林,2011.云南各民族食用花卉的初步研究[J].云南植物研究,23(4):41-56.]
LIU YT,LONG CL,2007.Ethnobotanical studies on the edible flowers in Lahu societies[J].Guihaia,27(2):203-210.[刘怡涛,龙春林,2007.拉祜族食用花卉的民族植物学研究[J].广西植物,27(2):203-210.]
LI XL,YANG HJ,LI L,et al.,2002.Evaluation and utilization of Pyrus gemplasm resources in Yunnan Province[J].S Chin Fruits,31(3):50-51.[李学林,杨红均,李露,等,2002.云南梨属植物资源及其利用评价[J].中国南方果树,31(3):50-51.]
LU BY,LI MQ,YIN R,2015.Phytochemical content,health benefits,and toxicology of common edible flowers:Areview(2000-2015)[J].Crc Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr,56(Suppl.1):130-148.
MLCEK J,ROP O,2011.Fresh edible flower of ornamental plants-A new source of nutraceutical food[J].Trends Food Sci Technol,22(10):561-569.
PEI SJ,HUAI HY,2007.Ethnobotany[M].Shanghai:Science&Technical Publishers:122-126.[裴盛基,淮虎银,2007.民族植物学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社:122-126.]
QUESLATI S,KSOURI R,FALLEH H,et al.,2012.Phenolic content,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of the edible halophyte Suaeda fruticosa Forssk[J].Food Chem,132(2):943-947.
ROP O,MLCEK J,JURIKOVA T,et al.,2012.Edible flower-A new promising source of mineral elements in human nutrition[J].Molecules,17(6):6672-6683.
SOTELO A,LOPEZ-GARCIA S,BASURTO PF,et al.,2007.Content of nutrient and antinutrient in edible flowers of wild plants in Mexico[J].Plant Foods Hum Nutr,62:133-138
SOTELO A,1997.Constituents of wild food plants:Functionality of food phytochemicals(Vol.31)[M].JOHNS T,ROMEO JT.New York:Springer Science&Business Media:89-111.
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,2000.Health effect notebook for hazardous air pollutants:Hydroquinone-CAS123-31-9[S/OL].[2018.3.15].http://www.epa.gov/hap/health-effects-notebook-hazardous-air-pollutants
World Health Organization,International Labor Organization,2001.International Chemical Safety Cards:0166[S/OL].[2018.3.15].http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0166
YIN DD,YUAN RY,WU Q,et al.,2015.Assessment of flavonoids and volatile compounds in tea infusions of water lily flowers and their antioxidant activities[J].Food Chem,187:20-28.
YIN JZ,ZHOU LX,WANG Q,et al.,2010.The study on nutritional composition of eleven nature edible flower from Yunnan Province[J].Food Res Dev,31(3):163-165.[殷建忠,周玲仙,王琦,等,2010.云南产11种野生食用鲜花营养成分分析评价[J].食品研究与开发,31(3):163-165.]
ZHANG L,LI J,JIANG ZZ,et al.,2011.Tubular injury mechanism of aristolochic acid I and aristololactam I in rats and their effect on renal aquaporin 1 expression[J].Trad Chin Drug Res Clin Pharmacol,22(4):359-364.[张良,李霁,江振洲,等,2011.马兜铃酸I和马兜铃内酰胺I对大鼠肾小管损伤机制及其对肾脏水通道蛋白1表达的影响[J].中药新药与临床药理,22(4):359-364.]
ZHANG WB,ZHANG JR,HU XL,et al.,1998.Pear germplasm resource in Yunnan Province and its utilization[J].JFruit Sci,15(2):188-192.[张文炳,张俊如,胡绪岚,1998.云南省的梨品种资源及利用[J].果树科学,15(2):188-192.]
BAO XH,QIU QW,2007.Simao Pyrus betulaefolia resources and utilization in Yunnan[J].For By-Product Spec Chin,5:62-64.[鲍晓华,邱其伟,2007.云南思茅野生棠梨资源及其开发利用[J].中国林副特产,5:62-64.]
CUNNINGHAM AB,2001.Applied ethnobotany:People,wild plant use and conservation[M].Oryx,35(3):269-270.
HUANG M,WU SB,2012.The origin and evolution of Pyrus plant and cultivated pear in Yunnan[J].N Hortic,20:172-175.[黄敏,武绍波,2012.云南梨属植物及栽培梨的起源与演化[J].北方园艺,20:172-175.]
HE JM,YIN TP,CHEN Y,et al.,2015.Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of edible flowers of Pyrus pashia[J].J Funct Foods,17:371-379.
Kunming Institute of Botany,2006.Flora Yunnanica[M].Beijing:Science Press,12:416-420.[中国科学院昆明植物研究所,2006.云南植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,12:416-420.]
LARACORTS E,OSORIODAZ P,JIMNEZAPARICIO A,et al.,2013.Nutritional content,functional properties and conservation of edible flowers review[J].Arch Latinoamer Nutr,63(3):197-208.
LI B,LI XM,ZHANG CY,et al.,2004.Cellular mechanism of renal proximal tubular epithelial cell injury induced by aristolochic acid I and aristololsctsm I[J].J Peking Univ(Health Sci),36(1):36-40.[李彪,李晓玫,张翠英,等,2004.马兜铃酸I及马兜铃内酰胺I对肾小管上皮细胞损伤的差异[J].北京大学学报(医学版),36(1):36-40.]
LIU CS,TAI ZG,LIU Y,et al.,2011.Chemical constitute of the flower of Pyrus pashia Buch.-Han.ex D.Don[J].Lishizhen Med Mat Med Res,22(10):2373-2375.[刘传水,太志刚,刘阳,等,2011.棠梨花化学成分研究[J].时珍国医国药,22(10):2373-2375.]
LIU YT,LONG CL,2011.Studies on edible flowers consumed by ethnic group in Yunnan[J].Acta Bot Yunnan,23(4):41-56.[刘怡涛,龙春林,2011.云南各民族食用花卉的初步研究[J].云南植物研究,23(4):41-56.]
LIU YT,LONG CL,2007.Ethnobotanical studies on the edible flowers in Lahu societies[J].Guihaia,27(2):203-210.[刘怡涛,龙春林,2007.拉祜族食用花卉的民族植物学研究[J].广西植物,27(2):203-210.]
LI XL,YANG HJ,LI L,et al.,2002.Evaluation and utilization of Pyrus gemplasm resources in Yunnan Province[J].S Chin Fruits,31(3):50-51.[李学林,杨红均,李露,等,2002.云南梨属植物资源及其利用评价[J].中国南方果树,31(3):50-51.]
LU BY,LI MQ,YIN R,2015.Phytochemical content,health benefits,and toxicology of common edible flowers:Areview(2000-2015)[J].Crc Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr,56(Suppl.1):130-148.
MLCEK J,ROP O,2011.Fresh edible flower of ornamental plants-A new source of nutraceutical food[J].Trends Food Sci Technol,22(10):561-569.
PEI SJ,HUAI HY,2007.Ethnobotany[M].Shanghai:Science&Technical Publishers:122-126.[裴盛基,淮虎银,2007.民族植物学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社:122-126.]
QUESLATI S,KSOURI R,FALLEH H,et al.,2012.Phenolic content,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of the edible halophyte Suaeda fruticosa Forssk[J].Food Chem,132(2):943-947.
ROP O,MLCEK J,JURIKOVA T,et al.,2012.Edible flower-A new promising source of mineral elements in human nutrition[J].Molecules,17(6):6672-6683.
SOTELO A,LOPEZ-GARCIA S,BASURTO PF,et al.,2007.Content of nutrient and antinutrient in edible flowers of wild plants in Mexico[J].Plant Foods Hum Nutr,62:133-138
SOTELO A,1997.Constituents of wild food plants:Functionality of food phytochemicals(Vol.31)[M].JOHNS T,ROMEO JT.New York:Springer Science&Business Media:89-111.
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,2000.Health effect notebook for hazardous air pollutants:Hydroquinone-CAS123-31-9[S/OL].[2018.3.15].http://www.epa.gov/hap/health-effects-notebook-hazardous-air-pollutants
World Health Organization,International Labor Organization,2001.International Chemical Safety Cards:0166[S/OL].[2018.3.15].http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0166
YIN DD,YUAN RY,WU Q,et al.,2015.Assessment of flavonoids and volatile compounds in tea infusions of water lily flowers and their antioxidant activities[J].Food Chem,187:20-28.
YIN JZ,ZHOU LX,WANG Q,et al.,2010.The study on nutritional composition of eleven nature edible flower from Yunnan Province[J].Food Res Dev,31(3):163-165.[殷建忠,周玲仙,王琦,等,2010.云南产11种野生食用鲜花营养成分分析评价[J].食品研究与开发,31(3):163-165.]
ZHANG L,LI J,JIANG ZZ,et al.,2011.Tubular injury mechanism of aristolochic acid I and aristololactam I in rats and their effect on renal aquaporin 1 expression[J].Trad Chin Drug Res Clin Pharmacol,22(4):359-364.[张良,李霁,江振洲,等,2011.马兜铃酸I和马兜铃内酰胺I对大鼠肾小管损伤机制及其对肾脏水通道蛋白1表达的影响[J].中药新药与临床药理,22(4):359-364.]
ZHANG WB,ZHANG JR,HU XL,et al.,1998.Pear germplasm resource in Yunnan Province and its utilization[J].JFruit Sci,15(2):188-192.[张文炳,张俊如,胡绪岚,1998.云南省的梨品种资源及利用[J].果树科学,15(2):188-192.]