中国南方喀斯特石漠化地区3种经济林土壤呼吸日动态特征
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摘要
喀斯特石漠化作为一个脆弱生态系统,对全球气候变化和碳循环具有重要影响。为阐明中国南方喀斯特石漠化生态治理工程背景下土壤呼吸作用的时空动态变化特征及其影响因素,选取贵州省贞丰县北盘江镇查耳岩村的核桃林Julans regia、花椒林Zanthoxylum bungeamum和关岭县花江镇峡谷村的枇杷林Eriobotrya japonica3种特色经济林作为研究对象,采用英国ADC Bioscientific公司生产的Lcpro+便携式土壤呼吸仪对土壤呼吸进行了监测。结果表明:1)土壤温度能预测土壤呼吸速率变异83%～89%的信息,是影响土壤碳排放量变异的主要因素;2)3种经济林中土壤呼吸的温度敏感性(Q10)有所差异,Q10为4.34～6.40;3)喀斯特石漠化地区冬季土壤的月平均碳排放量达到了63.46 g·m-2;4)土壤呼吸速率的偏离程度变化较大,在-56%～83%之间;5)花椒林在09:00、15:00、21:00,核桃林0:00、11:00,枇杷林在12:00土壤的呼吸速率与日平均值偏离程度较小(<10%),为最佳观测时间;6)各土壤特征因子中,全钾是影响土壤呼吸速率变异的主要因素。
As a fragile ecosystem, karst rocky desertification area has an important impact on global climate change and carbon cycle. In order to elucidate the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil respiration and its influencing factors under the background of Ecological Rehabilitation Project of Karst Rocky Desertification in Southern China, by taking three types of non-timber forests includingJulans regia forest(in Chaleyan village, Bei Pan Jiang Town, Zhenfeng County, Guizhou), Zanthoxylum bungeamum(same to the former) and Eriobotrya japonica(Canyon Village, Huajiang town, Guanling County, Guizhou) as studied objects, the three forestland soil respiration values were monitored by means of Lcpro+ portable soil respirator which is produced by British ADC Bio-scientific Company. The results show that 1) Soil temperature can predict 83%-89% variation of soil respiration rate, which is the main factor affecting variation of soil carbon emissions. 2) The temperature sensibility of soil respiration(Q10) of the three types of non-wood forests were different, ranged from 4.34 to 6.40; 3) The monthly average carbon emissions of soil in karst rocky desertification area reached 63.46 g·m-2 in winter; 4) The deviation degree values of soil respiration rate varied greatly from-56% to 83%; 5) The best observation time points for Z. bungeanum forest were at 09:00, 15:00, 21:00, those for walnut forest at 0:00 and 11:00, and that for loquat forest at 12:00. 6) Total potassium was the main factor affecting soil respiration rate variation in all soil characteristic factors.
As a fragile ecosystem, karst rocky desertification area has an important impact on global climate change and carbon cycle. In order to elucidate the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil respiration and its influencing factors under the background of Ecological Rehabilitation Project of Karst Rocky Desertification in Southern China, by taking three types of non-timber forests includingJulans regia forest(in Chaleyan village, Bei Pan Jiang Town, Zhenfeng County, Guizhou), Zanthoxylum bungeamum(same to the former) and Eriobotrya japonica(Canyon Village, Huajiang town, Guanling County, Guizhou) as studied objects, the three forestland soil respiration values were monitored by means of Lcpro+ portable soil respirator which is produced by British ADC Bio-scientific Company. The results show that 1) Soil temperature can predict 83%-89% variation of soil respiration rate, which is the main factor affecting variation of soil carbon emissions. 2) The temperature sensibility of soil respiration(Q10) of the three types of non-wood forests were different, ranged from 4.34 to 6.40; 3) The monthly average carbon emissions of soil in karst rocky desertification area reached 63.46 g·m-2 in winter; 4) The deviation degree values of soil respiration rate varied greatly from-56% to 83%; 5) The best observation time points for Z. bungeanum forest were at 09:00, 15:00, 21:00, those for walnut forest at 0:00 and 11:00, and that for loquat forest at 12:00. 6) Total potassium was the main factor affecting soil respiration rate variation in all soil characteristic factors.
引文
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[15]唐夫凯,崔明,卢琦,等.喀斯特峡谷不同植被类型土壤的呼吸及其温度敏感性[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):61-68.
[16]吴鹏,崔迎春,杨婷,等.茂兰喀斯特森林主要演替群落土壤呼吸研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(4):57-62.
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[19]蒋延玲,周广胜,赵敏,等.长白山阔叶红松林生态系统土壤呼吸作用研究[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(3):411-414.
[20]XU M,QI Y.Soil-surface CO2 efflux and its spatial and temporal variation in a young ponderosa pine plantation in northern California[J].Global Change Biology,2001,7:667-677.
[21]王铭,刘兴土,李秀军,等.松嫩平原西部草甸草原典型植物群落土壤呼吸动态及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(1):45-52.
[22]MO W,LEE M S,UCHIDA M,et al.Seasonal and annual variations in soil respiration in a cool-temperate deciduous broadleaved forest in Japan[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2005,134(1):81-94.
[23]陈灿,江灿,范海兰,等.凋落物去除/保留对杉木人工林林窗和林内土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(1):102-109.
[24]王光军,李树战,闫文德,等.樟树人工林土壤呼吸的动态变化[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2008,28(4):118-122.
[25]CHEN H,HARMON M E,GRIFFITHS R P,et al.Effects of temperature and moisture on carbon respired from decomposing woody roots[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2000,138:51-64.
[26]刘洪升,刘华杰,王智平,等.土壤呼吸的温度敏感性[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(4):51-60.
[27]杨毅,黄玫,刘洪升,等.土壤呼吸的温度敏感性和适应性研究进展[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(10):1811-1820.
[28]郭红艳,周金星,崔明,等.岩溶峡谷区石漠化对土壤碳排放的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(1):26-33.
[29]MAVI M S,MARSCHNER P,CHITTLEBOROUGH D J,et al.Salinity and sodicity affect soil respiration and dissolved organic matter dynamics differentially in soil varying in texture[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,45:8-13.
[30]程建中,李心清,周志红,等.西南喀斯特地区几种主要土地覆被下土壤CO2-C通量研究[J].地球化学,2010,39(3):258-265.
[31]李欢,李建贵.果园微气候及土壤养分对灰枣果实矿物质元素含量的影响[J].经济林研究,2016,34(3):9-15.
[32]KUZYAKOV Y.Sources of CO2 efflux from soil and review of partitioning methods[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(3):425-448.
[33]ELER K,PLESTENJAK G,FERLAN M,et al.Soil respiration of karst grasslands subjected to woody-plant encroachment[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2013,64(2):210-218.
[34]PLESTENJAK G,ELER K,VODNIK D,et al.Sources of soil CO2 in calcareous grassland with woody plant encroachment[J].Journal of Soil and Sediments,2012,12(9):1327-1338.
[35]崔蕾,熊康宁,关智宏,等.基于植物多样性恢复和保护的石漠化土地整理模式:以贵州撒拉稀和花江示范区为例[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(5):513-524.
[36]王嘉慧,方圆,王娓,等.土壤呼吸日动态同温度的关系以及最适测定时间[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(1):159-170.
[37]马亚平,曹兵,王艳.灵武长枣土壤养分与果实品质间的相关性分析[J].经济林研究,2017,35(4):105-111.
[38]马玉红,郭胜利,杨雨林,等.植被类型对黄土丘陵区流域土壤有机氮的影响[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(1):97-105.
[39]ZENG X,ZHANG W,SHEN H,et al.Soil respiration response in different community types at Mount Taihang,China[J].Catena,2014,116:78-85.
[40]MAESTRE F T,CORTINA J.Small-scale spatial variation in soil CO2 efflux in a Mediterranean semiarid steppe[J].Applied Soil Ecolofy,2003,23(3):199-209.
[41]SCHIMEL D S,STILLWELL M A,WOODMANSEE R G.Biogeochemistry of C、N,and P,in a soil catena of the short grass steppe[J].Ecology,1985,66(1):276-282.
[42]胡芳,杜虎,曾馥平,等.典型喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复对土壤养分含量和微生物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(6):1-10.
[2]黄昌勇,徐建明.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010:190-191.
[3]LIEBIG M A,DORAN J W,GARDNER J C.Evaluation of a field test kit for measuring selected soil quality indicators[J].Agro,1996,88(4):683-686.
[4]RAICH T K.Vegetation and soil respiration:correlation and controls[J].Biogeochemistry,2000,48:71-90.
[5]万军.贵州省喀斯特地区土地退化与生态重建研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(3):447-453.
[6]袁道先.岩溶作用与碳循环研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(5):425-432.
[7]何腾兵,刘元生,李天智,等.贵州喀斯特峡谷水保经济植物花椒土壤特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,6(2):55-59.
[8]喻阳华,余杨,杨苏茂,等.中国喀斯特高原山地区抗冻耐旱型植被退化现状及恢复对策[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(1):72-75.
[9]周赟,高守荣,顾国斌.毕节试验区核桃经济林产业发展的对策与建议[J].林业实用技术,2013(9):85-87.
[10]李平,王承南,谷战英,等.湘西凤凰核桃果实性状综合评判[J].经济林研究,2013,31(1):106-109.
[11]邹军,崔迎春,刘延惠,等.退化喀斯特植被恢复过程中春季土壤呼吸特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):195-197,201.
[12]CHAPIN S,MATSON P A,VITOUSEK P.Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology[M].Second Edition.New York:Springer Science&Business Media,2011:64-69.
[13]FEDER A C,GANSERT D,JUNGKUNST H F,et al.Rootinducedtree species effects on the soure/sink strength for greenhouse gases(CH4,N2O and CO2)of a temperate deciduous forest soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57:587-597.
[14]朱守谦.喀斯特森林生态研究(Ⅲ)[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2003:38-48.
[15]唐夫凯,崔明,卢琦,等.喀斯特峡谷不同植被类型土壤的呼吸及其温度敏感性[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):61-68.
[16]吴鹏,崔迎春,杨婷,等.茂兰喀斯特森林主要演替群落土壤呼吸研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(4):57-62.
[17]RAICH J W,POTTER C S.Global patter of carbon dioxide emissions from soils[J].Global Biogeochemistry,1995,9:23-36.
[18]LUO Y,WAN S,HUI D,et al.Acclimatization of soil respiration to warming in a tall grass prairie[J].Nature,2001,413:622-625.
[19]蒋延玲,周广胜,赵敏,等.长白山阔叶红松林生态系统土壤呼吸作用研究[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(3):411-414.
[20]XU M,QI Y.Soil-surface CO2 efflux and its spatial and temporal variation in a young ponderosa pine plantation in northern California[J].Global Change Biology,2001,7:667-677.
[21]王铭,刘兴土,李秀军,等.松嫩平原西部草甸草原典型植物群落土壤呼吸动态及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(1):45-52.
[22]MO W,LEE M S,UCHIDA M,et al.Seasonal and annual variations in soil respiration in a cool-temperate deciduous broadleaved forest in Japan[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2005,134(1):81-94.
[23]陈灿,江灿,范海兰,等.凋落物去除/保留对杉木人工林林窗和林内土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(1):102-109.
[24]王光军,李树战,闫文德,等.樟树人工林土壤呼吸的动态变化[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2008,28(4):118-122.
[25]CHEN H,HARMON M E,GRIFFITHS R P,et al.Effects of temperature and moisture on carbon respired from decomposing woody roots[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2000,138:51-64.
[26]刘洪升,刘华杰,王智平,等.土壤呼吸的温度敏感性[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(4):51-60.
[27]杨毅,黄玫,刘洪升,等.土壤呼吸的温度敏感性和适应性研究进展[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(10):1811-1820.
[28]郭红艳,周金星,崔明,等.岩溶峡谷区石漠化对土壤碳排放的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(1):26-33.
[29]MAVI M S,MARSCHNER P,CHITTLEBOROUGH D J,et al.Salinity and sodicity affect soil respiration and dissolved organic matter dynamics differentially in soil varying in texture[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,45:8-13.
[30]程建中,李心清,周志红,等.西南喀斯特地区几种主要土地覆被下土壤CO2-C通量研究[J].地球化学,2010,39(3):258-265.
[31]李欢,李建贵.果园微气候及土壤养分对灰枣果实矿物质元素含量的影响[J].经济林研究,2016,34(3):9-15.
[32]KUZYAKOV Y.Sources of CO2 efflux from soil and review of partitioning methods[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(3):425-448.
[33]ELER K,PLESTENJAK G,FERLAN M,et al.Soil respiration of karst grasslands subjected to woody-plant encroachment[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2013,64(2):210-218.
[34]PLESTENJAK G,ELER K,VODNIK D,et al.Sources of soil CO2 in calcareous grassland with woody plant encroachment[J].Journal of Soil and Sediments,2012,12(9):1327-1338.
[35]崔蕾,熊康宁,关智宏,等.基于植物多样性恢复和保护的石漠化土地整理模式:以贵州撒拉稀和花江示范区为例[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(5):513-524.
[36]王嘉慧,方圆,王娓,等.土壤呼吸日动态同温度的关系以及最适测定时间[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(1):159-170.
[37]马亚平,曹兵,王艳.灵武长枣土壤养分与果实品质间的相关性分析[J].经济林研究,2017,35(4):105-111.
[38]马玉红,郭胜利,杨雨林,等.植被类型对黄土丘陵区流域土壤有机氮的影响[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(1):97-105.
[39]ZENG X,ZHANG W,SHEN H,et al.Soil respiration response in different community types at Mount Taihang,China[J].Catena,2014,116:78-85.
[40]MAESTRE F T,CORTINA J.Small-scale spatial variation in soil CO2 efflux in a Mediterranean semiarid steppe[J].Applied Soil Ecolofy,2003,23(3):199-209.
[41]SCHIMEL D S,STILLWELL M A,WOODMANSEE R G.Biogeochemistry of C、N,and P,in a soil catena of the short grass steppe[J].Ecology,1985,66(1):276-282.
[42]胡芳,杜虎,曾馥平,等.典型喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复对土壤养分含量和微生物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(6):1-10.