定襄县农田土壤重金属污染风险评估
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摘要
为了研究人们的生产活动所产生的重金属对土壤环境的影响,以定襄县的3个自然村为研究对象,测定了土壤中的Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn等8种重金属,采用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法等方法,对所采集到的土壤样品中的重金属污染状况进行评价,并研究了土壤中重金属的潜在生态风险,为进一步对土壤污染进行修复提供可以参考的技术支撑。结果表明,研究区土壤重金属含量均未超过国家二级标准;单因子污染指数评价结果表明,Cd在各采样点均未构成污染,北庄村大棚处受到Zn的污染较为严重,北庄村大田处受到Hg的污染较为严重,宏道东街处受到As的污染较为严重,凉楼台大棚处受到Cu、Cr和Ni的污染较为严重,凉楼台大田处受到Pb的污染较为严重。内梅罗综合评价结果表明,北庄村大田和宏道东街的污染状况比其他采样点较为严重;地累积指数评价结果表明,各重金属的污染顺序为Hg>Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cd;各重金属中Hg的生态风险最大,单个潜在生态危害程度为Hg>Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn;综合潜在的生态危害评价结果表明,在宏道东街处,综合为中等生态危害,其余点为轻微生态危害。
To study the effects of heavy metals generated by people's production activities on the soil environment, the three natural villages in Dingxiang county were used as research objects to determine Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, etc. in the soil. The paper used the single factor pollution index method, comprehensive pollution index method and other methods to evaluate the heavy metal pollution in the collected soil samples, the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soil was also studied, to provide technical support and experimental basis for further soil pollution repairs. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the national secondary standard in the study area. The single factor pollution index showed that Cd did not constitute at each sampling point. The pollution of Zn in the greenhouse of Beizhuang village was more serious. The pollution of Hg in the field of Beizhuang village was more serious. The pollution of As in Hongdao East Street was more serious. The pollution of Cu, Cr and Ni in the greenhouses of Liangloutai village were more seriously. The pollution of Pb in the field of Liangloutai village was more serious. The comprehensive evaluation results of Nemero showed that the pollution status of Beizhuang village field and Hongdao east street were more serious than other sampling points. The evaluation results of the accumulation index indicated that the pollution order of heavy metals was Hg>Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cd. The ecological risk of Hg in each heavy metal was the largest, and the degree of single potential ecological hazard was Hg>Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn. The results of the comprehensive potential ecological hazard assessment showed that at the Hongdao east street, the comprehensive potential ecological hazard is medium, and the rest is slight ecological hazard.
To study the effects of heavy metals generated by people's production activities on the soil environment, the three natural villages in Dingxiang county were used as research objects to determine Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, etc. in the soil. The paper used the single factor pollution index method, comprehensive pollution index method and other methods to evaluate the heavy metal pollution in the collected soil samples, the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soil was also studied, to provide technical support and experimental basis for further soil pollution repairs. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the national secondary standard in the study area. The single factor pollution index showed that Cd did not constitute at each sampling point. The pollution of Zn in the greenhouse of Beizhuang village was more serious. The pollution of Hg in the field of Beizhuang village was more serious. The pollution of As in Hongdao East Street was more serious. The pollution of Cu, Cr and Ni in the greenhouses of Liangloutai village were more seriously. The pollution of Pb in the field of Liangloutai village was more serious. The comprehensive evaluation results of Nemero showed that the pollution status of Beizhuang village field and Hongdao east street were more serious than other sampling points. The evaluation results of the accumulation index indicated that the pollution order of heavy metals was Hg>Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cd. The ecological risk of Hg in each heavy metal was the largest, and the degree of single potential ecological hazard was Hg>Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn. The results of the comprehensive potential ecological hazard assessment showed that at the Hongdao east street, the comprehensive potential ecological hazard is medium, and the rest is slight ecological hazard.
引文
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[11]周东美，郝秀珍，薛艳，等.污染土壤的修复技术研究进展[J].生态环境，2004,13(2):232-242.
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[13]王大洲，胡艳，李鱼.某陆地石油开采区土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价[J].环境化学，2013,32(9):1723-1729.
[14]孔慧敏，左锐，滕彦国，等.基于地球化学基线的土壤重金属污染风险评价[J].地球与环境，2013,41(5):547-552.
[15]胡尊芳，孙彦伟，程龙，等.东平湖湖区农田土壤重金属污染评价[J].土壤与作物，2017,6(4):283-290.
[16]李宇庆，陈玲，仇雁翎，等.上海化学工业区土壤重金属元素形态分析[J].生态环境，2004,13(2):154-155.
[17]刘世梁，崔保山，温敏霞，等.路域土壤重金属含量空间变异的影响因子[J].环境科学学报，2008,28(2):253-260.
[18]智飘飘，王再岚，马中，等.鄂尔多斯地区公路沿线土壤重金属形态与生物有效性[J].生态学报，2007,27(5):2030-2039.
[19]王再岚，闫江，智颖飙，等.公路旁侧土壤植物系统中的重金属分布特征[J].南京林业大学学报（自然科学版），2006,30(4):15-20.
[20]李鱼，董德明，吕晓君，等.汽车尾气中铅对公路两侧土壤的污染特征[J].生态环境，2004,13(4):549-552.
[21]马丽，刘蕊，刘美霞.交通污染土壤及其在农作物中重金属的分布特征[J].北方环境，2004,29(3):21-23.
[2]史贵涛，陈振楼，李海雯，等.城市土壤重金属污染研究现状及趋势[J].环境监测管理与技术，2006,18(6):9-12.
[3]黄顺生，吴新民，颜朝阳，等.南京城市土壤重金属含量及空间分布特征[J].城市环境与城市生态，2007,20(2):1-4.
[4]刘哲民.宝鸡土壤重金属污染及其防治[J].干旱区环境与资源，2005,19(2):101-104.
[5]徐鸿志.安徽省主要土壤重金属污染评价及其评价方法与研究[D].合肥：安徽农业大学，2007:11-15.
[6]范拴喜，甘卓亭，李美娟，等.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报，2010,26(17):310-315.
[7] NAVARRO A,CANADAS I,MARTINEZ D,et al. Application of solar thermal desorption to remediation of mercury-contaminated soils[J]. Solar Energy,2009,83(8):1405-1414.
[8] TUIN B J W,TELS M. Removing heavy metals from contaminated clay soils byextraction with hydrochloric acid,edta or hypochlorite solution[J]. Environmental Technology,1990,11(11):1039-1052.
[9]刘春阳，张宇峰.土壤中重金属污染修复的研究进展[J].江苏环境科技，2005(18):139-141.
[10]杨海琳.土壤重金属污染修复的研究[J].环境科学与管理，2009,34(6):130-135.
[11]周东美，郝秀珍，薛艳，等.污染土壤的修复技术研究进展[J].生态环境，2004,13(2):232-242.
[12]徐争启，倪师军.潜在生态危害指数法中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术，2008,31(2):112-115.
[13]王大洲，胡艳，李鱼.某陆地石油开采区土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价[J].环境化学，2013,32(9):1723-1729.
[14]孔慧敏，左锐，滕彦国，等.基于地球化学基线的土壤重金属污染风险评价[J].地球与环境，2013,41(5):547-552.
[15]胡尊芳，孙彦伟，程龙，等.东平湖湖区农田土壤重金属污染评价[J].土壤与作物，2017,6(4):283-290.
[16]李宇庆，陈玲，仇雁翎，等.上海化学工业区土壤重金属元素形态分析[J].生态环境，2004,13(2):154-155.
[17]刘世梁，崔保山，温敏霞，等.路域土壤重金属含量空间变异的影响因子[J].环境科学学报，2008,28(2):253-260.
[18]智飘飘，王再岚，马中，等.鄂尔多斯地区公路沿线土壤重金属形态与生物有效性[J].生态学报，2007,27(5):2030-2039.
[19]王再岚，闫江，智颖飙，等.公路旁侧土壤植物系统中的重金属分布特征[J].南京林业大学学报（自然科学版），2006,30(4):15-20.
[20]李鱼，董德明，吕晓君，等.汽车尾气中铅对公路两侧土壤的污染特征[J].生态环境，2004,13(4):549-552.
[21]马丽，刘蕊，刘美霞.交通污染土壤及其在农作物中重金属的分布特征[J].北方环境，2004,29(3):21-23.
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