金昌市金川区土壤重金属累积分析及污染评价
|
摘要
文中按土壤利用方式将金川区分为矿业活动区、农耕区、城市活动区和未开发区,调查了金川区表层土壤中As、Hg、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量及分布特征,采用相关性分析和聚类分析确定土壤重金属来源,并利用地累积指数评价了重金属污染情况。结果表明金川区土壤Hg、Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd和Pb高于甘肃省土壤背景值,Ni含量超过了国家二级标准。各分区内Ni和Cu均高于甘肃省土壤背景值。土壤中重金属主要来源于矿业活动产生的废水废气,其次为城市交通、燃煤和污水灌溉。地累积指数表明金川区Cu和Ni污染最为严重,各分区污染程度表现为:矿业活动区>农耕区>城市活动区>未开发区。
Jinchuan district was taken as research subjects. Where can be divided into four areas according to different usages, i.e. mining industry zone, agricultural land, urban living area and undeveloped area. The contents of As, Hg, Cr, Ni、Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in surface soil were measured and the pollution levels in different function areas were evaluated by geo-accumulation index. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used to deduce the source of the heavy source in soil. The result showed the average level of all heavy metals in Jinchuan exceeded the background values of Gansu province and the content of Ni was above the national soil quality secondary standard. The content of Cu and Ni were exceeded the background values. The sources of heavy metals mainly came from the waste water, gas and solid produced by mining activity and smelt, secondly came from the urban traffic, fossil fuels, and sewage irrigation. Geo-accumulation index showed Ni and Cu in Jinchuan reached moderate pollution, and others were clear. The degree of heavy metal pollution of different functional areas follow a pattern of mining industry area> agricultural area>urban living area>undeveloped area.
Jinchuan district was taken as research subjects. Where can be divided into four areas according to different usages, i.e. mining industry zone, agricultural land, urban living area and undeveloped area. The contents of As, Hg, Cr, Ni、Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in surface soil were measured and the pollution levels in different function areas were evaluated by geo-accumulation index. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used to deduce the source of the heavy source in soil. The result showed the average level of all heavy metals in Jinchuan exceeded the background values of Gansu province and the content of Ni was above the national soil quality secondary standard. The content of Cu and Ni were exceeded the background values. The sources of heavy metals mainly came from the waste water, gas and solid produced by mining activity and smelt, secondly came from the urban traffic, fossil fuels, and sewage irrigation. Geo-accumulation index showed Ni and Cu in Jinchuan reached moderate pollution, and others were clear. The degree of heavy metal pollution of different functional areas follow a pattern of mining industry area> agricultural area>urban living area>undeveloped area.
引文
[1]刘树根,朱南文,郑毅.环境污染问题对资源型城市发展的制约与应对策略分析[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(7):92-95.
[2] 李俊杰,李定强,廖义善.粤北某废弃矿区排土场土壤重金属污染评价[J].现代矿业,2017,584(12):234-238.
[3] 张慧,马鑫鹏,隋虹均,等.松嫩平原北部土壤重金属背景值及累积特征研究[J].土壤通报,2018,49(1):176-183.
[4] 王美娥,彭驰,陈卫平.宁夏干旱地区工业区对农田土壤重金属累积的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3532-3539.
[5] 李小虎.大型金属矿山环境污染及防治研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.
[6] 张军,董洁,梁青芳,等.宝鸡城区土壤重金属空间分布特征及生态风险评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(10):100-106.
[7] 史浩圆,杨萍果,周进财,等.临汾市不同功能区土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(8):138-143.
[8] 王贵,王芳.重工业城市土壤重金属含量分布特征及污染评价-以包头市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(8):170-173.
[9] 李小平,王昕.城市典型工业区土壤重金属分布与污染评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(10):100-104.
[10] 杨伟光,王美娥,陈卫平.新疆干旱区某矿冶场对周围土壤重金属累积的影响[J].环境科学,2019,40(1):445-452.
[11] 张永康,曹耀华,高照国,等.某铜矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2018(8):74-78.
[12] 刘应冬,代力,张卫华.青海某金矿矿集区土壤重金属污染评价及综合利用讨论[J].矿产综合利用,2018(5):97-100.
[13] 廖晓勇,陈同斌,武斌,等.典型矿业城市的土壤重金属分布特征与复合污染评价-以"镍都"金昌市为例[J].地理研究,2006,25(5):843-852.
[14] 李媛,南忠仁,刘晓文,等.金昌城郊耕作土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Ni的分布规律[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(8):164-170.
[15] 黄璜,南忠仁,胡小娜,等.金昌市城区土壤重金属空间分布及潜在生态危害评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2009,21(5)30-34.
[16] 李小虎,汤中立,初凤友.金昌市铜镍矿区周围土壤中重金属的迁移特征[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2009,39(1):131-136.
[17] 段慧敏,朱丽东,李凤全,等.浙江省永康城市土壤重金属元素富集特征[J].土壤通报,2012,43(4):956-961.
[18] Aguilar J,Dorronsoro C,Fernández E,et al.Soil pollution by a pyrite mine spill in Spain:evolution in time[J].Environmental Pollution,2004,132(3):395-401.
[19] 赵庆令,李清彩,谢江坤,等.应用富集系数法和地累积指数法研究济宁南部区域土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].岩矿测试,2015,34(1):129-137.
[20] Anon D L.Ein fliessge was seroko system[J].Regierung sprasidium Giessen,Niedernhausen,1994,5(2):87.
[21] 王生朴,连兵.甘肃省土壤环境背景值特征及其分布规律[J].环境研究与监测,1993(3):1-7.
[22] 何海星,于瑞莲,胡恭任,等.厦门西港近岸沉积物重金属污染历史及源解析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(4):1045-1051.
[23] 潘佳颖,王建宇,王超,等.贺兰山东麓葡萄主产区土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):173-178.
[24] 张海珍,唐宇力,陆骏,等.西湖景区土壤典型重金属污染物的来源及空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,1(4):1516-1522.
[25] 于文金,邹欣庆.灌河口潮滩重金属累积特征及污染评价[J].地球化学,2007,36(4):425-433.
[26] 何绪文,王宇翔,房增强,等.铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染特征及污染风险评价[J].环境工程技术学报,2016,6(5):476-483.
[27] 刘白林.白银黄灌区农田土壤重金属空间分布及其污染风险评价[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.
[2] 李俊杰,李定强,廖义善.粤北某废弃矿区排土场土壤重金属污染评价[J].现代矿业,2017,584(12):234-238.
[3] 张慧,马鑫鹏,隋虹均,等.松嫩平原北部土壤重金属背景值及累积特征研究[J].土壤通报,2018,49(1):176-183.
[4] 王美娥,彭驰,陈卫平.宁夏干旱地区工业区对农田土壤重金属累积的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3532-3539.
[5] 李小虎.大型金属矿山环境污染及防治研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.
[6] 张军,董洁,梁青芳,等.宝鸡城区土壤重金属空间分布特征及生态风险评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(10):100-106.
[7] 史浩圆,杨萍果,周进财,等.临汾市不同功能区土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(8):138-143.
[8] 王贵,王芳.重工业城市土壤重金属含量分布特征及污染评价-以包头市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(8):170-173.
[9] 李小平,王昕.城市典型工业区土壤重金属分布与污染评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(10):100-104.
[10] 杨伟光,王美娥,陈卫平.新疆干旱区某矿冶场对周围土壤重金属累积的影响[J].环境科学,2019,40(1):445-452.
[11] 张永康,曹耀华,高照国,等.某铜矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2018(8):74-78.
[12] 刘应冬,代力,张卫华.青海某金矿矿集区土壤重金属污染评价及综合利用讨论[J].矿产综合利用,2018(5):97-100.
[13] 廖晓勇,陈同斌,武斌,等.典型矿业城市的土壤重金属分布特征与复合污染评价-以"镍都"金昌市为例[J].地理研究,2006,25(5):843-852.
[14] 李媛,南忠仁,刘晓文,等.金昌城郊耕作土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Ni的分布规律[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(8):164-170.
[15] 黄璜,南忠仁,胡小娜,等.金昌市城区土壤重金属空间分布及潜在生态危害评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2009,21(5)30-34.
[16] 李小虎,汤中立,初凤友.金昌市铜镍矿区周围土壤中重金属的迁移特征[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2009,39(1):131-136.
[17] 段慧敏,朱丽东,李凤全,等.浙江省永康城市土壤重金属元素富集特征[J].土壤通报,2012,43(4):956-961.
[18] Aguilar J,Dorronsoro C,Fernández E,et al.Soil pollution by a pyrite mine spill in Spain:evolution in time[J].Environmental Pollution,2004,132(3):395-401.
[19] 赵庆令,李清彩,谢江坤,等.应用富集系数法和地累积指数法研究济宁南部区域土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].岩矿测试,2015,34(1):129-137.
[20] Anon D L.Ein fliessge was seroko system[J].Regierung sprasidium Giessen,Niedernhausen,1994,5(2):87.
[21] 王生朴,连兵.甘肃省土壤环境背景值特征及其分布规律[J].环境研究与监测,1993(3):1-7.
[22] 何海星,于瑞莲,胡恭任,等.厦门西港近岸沉积物重金属污染历史及源解析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(4):1045-1051.
[23] 潘佳颖,王建宇,王超,等.贺兰山东麓葡萄主产区土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):173-178.
[24] 张海珍,唐宇力,陆骏,等.西湖景区土壤典型重金属污染物的来源及空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,1(4):1516-1522.
[25] 于文金,邹欣庆.灌河口潮滩重金属累积特征及污染评价[J].地球化学,2007,36(4):425-433.
[26] 何绪文,王宇翔,房增强,等.铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染特征及污染风险评价[J].环境工程技术学报,2016,6(5):476-483.
[27] 刘白林.白银黄灌区农田土壤重金属空间分布及其污染风险评价[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.