多沙粗沙区露天煤矿水土保持生态效应的监测评价
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摘要
[目的]通过开展露天煤矿水土保持生态效应监测评价,判定水土保持措施防护效果及其可行性。[方法]以陕西省神榆矿区西湾露天煤矿为例,以实际监测数据为支撑,从调水效益、保土效益和植被恢复3个方面建立了评价指标体系。采用德尔菲法确定了指标权重,利用线性加权求和法建立综合评价模型,最终计算得出该项目不同建设时期水土保持生态效应值。[结果]生态效应值为运行期(0.683)>试运行期(0.344)>施工前期(0.213);工程实施以来,治理总面积349.72 hm~2,治理前后,水土流失面积由426.71 hm~2下降到376.63 hm~2,植被覆盖度由20.20%上升到27.18%,拦蓄径流量增加了7 530 m~3,保土量增加了6.90×10~4 t。[结论]陕西省神榆矿区西湾露天煤矿通过实施水土保持方案设计的水土保持工程、植物等措施防护体系,取得了良好的治理效果和生态效应。
[Objective] The monitoring and evaluation of the ecological effect of soil and water conservation in the open-pit coal mine project were conducted in order to determine the protection effect and the feasibility of the soil and water conservation measures. [Methods] With the actual monitoring data, we took Xiwan open-pit coal mine in Shaanxi Province and coal preparation plant project as an example in this study. The evaluation index system was established in terms of soil and water conservation and vegetation recovery. The index weight was determined by Delphy method and the comprehensive evaluation model was established by linear weighted sum method to calculate the value of ecological effect of soil and water conservation in different periods of the project construction. [Results] The results showed that the value of ecological effect of operation period(0.683)> trial operation period(0.344)> early construction period(0.213). Since the implementation of the project, the total area of soil and water erosion has decreased from 426.71 hm~2 to 376.63 hm~2, the vegetation coverage has increased from 20.20% to 27.18%, the interception runoff has increased by 7 530 m~3, and the soil conservation has increased by 6.90×10~4 t. [Conclusion] Xiwan open-pit coal mine in Shenyu Mining area of Shaanxi Province has got good control effect and ecological effect by implementing soil and water conservation engineering and plant protection system designed by soil and water conservation scheme.
[Objective] The monitoring and evaluation of the ecological effect of soil and water conservation in the open-pit coal mine project were conducted in order to determine the protection effect and the feasibility of the soil and water conservation measures. [Methods] With the actual monitoring data, we took Xiwan open-pit coal mine in Shaanxi Province and coal preparation plant project as an example in this study. The evaluation index system was established in terms of soil and water conservation and vegetation recovery. The index weight was determined by Delphy method and the comprehensive evaluation model was established by linear weighted sum method to calculate the value of ecological effect of soil and water conservation in different periods of the project construction. [Results] The results showed that the value of ecological effect of operation period(0.683)> trial operation period(0.344)> early construction period(0.213). Since the implementation of the project, the total area of soil and water erosion has decreased from 426.71 hm~2 to 376.63 hm~2, the vegetation coverage has increased from 20.20% to 27.18%, the interception runoff has increased by 7 530 m~3, and the soil conservation has increased by 6.90×10~4 t. [Conclusion] Xiwan open-pit coal mine in Shenyu Mining area of Shaanxi Province has got good control effect and ecological effect by implementing soil and water conservation engineering and plant protection system designed by soil and water conservation scheme.
引文
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[12]张理华,周秉根,万蓉蓉,等.皖南低山丘陵区水土保持综合评价[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(6):20-23.
[13]姜德文.生产建设项目水土流失影响度评价方法研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(2):107-109.
[14]薛凤.水利水电类生产建设项目水土保持生态效应评价:以湖北水布垭水利枢纽工程为例[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[2]王东晖.煤矿水土流失预测研究[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005,15(10):151-152.
[3]陈渠昌,张如生.水土保持综合效益定量分析方法及指标体系研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2007,5(2):95-104.
[4]刘纪根,张平仓,喻惠花.水土流失综合治理率综合评价指标体系框架研究[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(3):82-89.
[5]卜贵贤,李凯荣,周俊.陕南秦巴山区小流域水土保持治理综合效益评价[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(6):231-235.
[6]尹辉,蒋忠诚,罗为群,等.湘中丘陵区水土保持效益综合评价[J].中国水土保持,2010(12):50-53.
[7]陈晓安,谢颂华,张幕,等.生产建设项目水土保持综合评价[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(5):286-295.
[8]刘源鑫,焦峰,诛乐天.陕西南水北调中线工程水源区水土保持工程综合效益评价[J].中国水土保持,2012(10):42-44.
[9]陈杰.生产建设项目水王保持监测与评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[10]王晓慧,孙保平.北京市大兴永定河沙地综合治理效益评价[J].水土保持通报,1998,18(6):34-38.
[11]姜德文.以科学发展观建立生产建设项目水土保持损益评价体系[J].中国水土保持,2005(6):5-7.
[12]张理华,周秉根,万蓉蓉,等.皖南低山丘陵区水土保持综合评价[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(6):20-23.
[13]姜德文.生产建设项目水土流失影响度评价方法研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(2):107-109.
[14]薛凤.水利水电类生产建设项目水土保持生态效应评价:以湖北水布垭水利枢纽工程为例[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.