园林废弃物堆肥用作绿化基质对佛甲草生长的影响
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摘要
泥炭在我国屋顶绿化基质中的应用非常广泛,但泥炭属于不可再生资源。为了探索合适的营养土来替代泥炭,本研究选取园林废弃物堆肥、泥炭、蛭石和砂土四种原料,并将其按不同体积比制备成6种栽培基质T1～T6,以屋顶绿化常用植物佛甲草作为供试植株,通过盆栽实验研究不同处理基质理化性状的差异以及对佛甲草生长的影响,采用熵权系数与TOPISIS集成评价法对各项指标进行综合评价,筛选出最佳基质配方。研究结果表明:添加园林废弃物堆肥可提高基质的容重、持水孔隙,降低基质的总孔隙和通气孔隙;还可提高基质的p H、EC值、有机碳、全氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量。同时,添加园林废弃物堆肥能显著提高佛甲草株高和叶片叶绿素含量(P <0. 05),对佛甲草生长具有明显的促进作用。通过综合评价得出最佳基质配方为T3,即园林废弃物堆肥:蛭石:砂土体积比为6:4:1,可作为佛甲草栽培的替代基质。
Peat has been widely used in the roof greening substrates in China,while peat is a nonrenewable resource. To study the suitable nutrient soil as a peat surrogate,six kinds of cultivation substrate T1 ～ T6 were prepared from four kinds of raw materials with green waste compost( GWC),peat,vermiculite and sand in different volume ratios,and the common roof greening plant Sedum lineare as a test plant. Through pot experiment the physical and chemical properties of different treatment substrates and the growth of Sedum lineare were studied,and the best substrate were chosen by using Entropy weight coefficient and TOPSIS integration analysis methods.The results showed that: Adding GWC increased the substrates bulk density and water-holding porosity,decreased the total porosity and aeration porosity; it also increased the p H,the content of electrical conductivity,organic carbon,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of the substrates in addition. Meanwhile,adding GWC had obvious effect on promoting the growth of Sedum lineare,which significantly increased the plant height and leaf chlorophyll content( P < 0. 05); Based on the comprehensive evaluation,the best substrate formula was T3,namely GWC: vermiculite: sand with volume ratio of 6:4:1,can be used as substitute cultivation substrate of Sedum lineare.
Peat has been widely used in the roof greening substrates in China,while peat is a nonrenewable resource. To study the suitable nutrient soil as a peat surrogate,six kinds of cultivation substrate T1 ～ T6 were prepared from four kinds of raw materials with green waste compost( GWC),peat,vermiculite and sand in different volume ratios,and the common roof greening plant Sedum lineare as a test plant. Through pot experiment the physical and chemical properties of different treatment substrates and the growth of Sedum lineare were studied,and the best substrate were chosen by using Entropy weight coefficient and TOPSIS integration analysis methods.The results showed that: Adding GWC increased the substrates bulk density and water-holding porosity,decreased the total porosity and aeration porosity; it also increased the p H,the content of electrical conductivity,organic carbon,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of the substrates in addition. Meanwhile,adding GWC had obvious effect on promoting the growth of Sedum lineare,which significantly increased the plant height and leaf chlorophyll content( P < 0. 05); Based on the comprehensive evaluation,the best substrate formula was T3,namely GWC: vermiculite: sand with volume ratio of 6:4:1,can be used as substitute cultivation substrate of Sedum lineare.
引文
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[18]马庆旭,吴良欢,曹小闯,等.营养液p H和氮形态对小白菜生长、氮素吸收及品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):64-68,177.
[19]王艳丽,王京,刘国顺,等.磷施用量对烤烟根系生理及叶片光合特性的影响[J]. 2016,22(2):410-417.
[20]Wang C,She H Z,Liu X B,et al. Effects of fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in tartary buckwheat Yunqiao 1[J]. Photosynthetica,2016,55(1):1-8.
[21]王平荣,张帆涛,高家旭,等.高等植物叶绿素生物合成的研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(3):0629-0636.
[22]陈雷,王延章.基于熵权系数与TOPSIS集成评价决策方法的研究[J].控制与决策,2003,18(4):456-459.
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[24]司莉青,陈利民,郑景明,等.城市污泥与园林废弃物堆肥的混合施用对高羊茅萌发与生长的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2643-2650.
[25]李燕,孙向阳,龚小强.园林废弃物堆肥替代泥炭用于红掌和鸟巢蕨栽培[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(5):736-742.
[26]魏乐,李素艳,李燕,等.园林废弃物堆肥替代泥炭用于天竺葵和金盏菊栽培[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(5):849-854.
[27]胡嘉伟,刘勇,马履一,等.园林废弃物堆肥替代油松容器苗基质材料的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(5):81-86.
[28]李雅君,葛瑞雪,刘悦秋,等.不同条件下园林废弃物堆肥对万寿菊生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(28):83-89.
[29]蒋艾平,刘军,姜景民.檫木叶片秋季衰老时叶色、色素和营养元素的关系[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(3):362-368.
[30]李昱彤,齐实,周金星,等.城市废弃物堆肥的混配基质对高羊茅营养生长期的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(5):1069-1078.
[31]朱春娆,苏恒强.基于熵权系数土壤肥力评价方法的研究[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(15):200-202,217.
[2]郭世荣.固体栽培基质研究、开发现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(S2):1-4.
[3]戴小红,孙伟生,樊权,等.农林废弃物混配基质的理化性质及其对油茶幼苗生长效应的综合评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2016,25(1):54-61.
[4]许家铭.园林废弃物堆肥作油松容器苗基质的研究[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2016,39(5):39-41.
[5]张骅,孙向阳,于鑫,等.园林绿化废弃物花木基质对矮牵牛生长效果的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(19):312-315.
[6]Kashmanian R M,Rynk R F. Agricultural composting in the United States:Trends and driving forces[J]Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,1996,51(3):194-201.
[7]翟军,李艳红,杨玉海.城市园林废弃物堆肥产品对土壤肥力的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2016,38(10):51-54.
[8]张璐,孙向阳,田赟.园林废弃物堆肥用于青苹果竹芋栽培研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(5):109-114.
[9]Tian Y,Sun X,Li S,et al. Biochar made from green waste as peat substitute in growth media for Calathea rotundifola cv. Fasciata[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2012,143(143):15-18.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:25,183.
[11]胡雨彤,时连辉,刘登民,等.不同比例珍珠岩对污泥堆肥理化性状与孔雀草生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):1949-1954.
[12]张飞飞,刘春江,胡永红,等.用于屋顶绿化的中华景天草毯生产的基质筛选[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2009,27(3):215-218.
[13]汤聪,郭微,蔡桂芬,等.高温高湿环境佛甲草栽培基质的研制[J].草业科学,2013,30(3):334-340.
[14]徐永艳,李章,艾星梅,等.洋桔梗无土栽培轻质基质配方筛选研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(6):60-64.
[15]卫星,李贵雨,吕琳.农林废弃物育苗基质的保水保肥效应[J].林业科学,2015,51(12):26-34.
[16]郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[17]刘方春,马海林,马丙尧,等.菇渣用作无纺布容器育苗成型机配套基质的研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(5):477-481.
[18]马庆旭,吴良欢,曹小闯,等.营养液p H和氮形态对小白菜生长、氮素吸收及品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):64-68,177.
[19]王艳丽,王京,刘国顺,等.磷施用量对烤烟根系生理及叶片光合特性的影响[J]. 2016,22(2):410-417.
[20]Wang C,She H Z,Liu X B,et al. Effects of fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in tartary buckwheat Yunqiao 1[J]. Photosynthetica,2016,55(1):1-8.
[21]王平荣,张帆涛,高家旭,等.高等植物叶绿素生物合成的研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(3):0629-0636.
[22]陈雷,王延章.基于熵权系数与TOPSIS集成评价决策方法的研究[J].控制与决策,2003,18(4):456-459.
[23]孙克君,阮琳,林鸿辉.园林有机废弃物堆肥处理技术及堆肥产品的应用[J].中国园林,2009,25(4):12-14.
[24]司莉青,陈利民,郑景明,等.城市污泥与园林废弃物堆肥的混合施用对高羊茅萌发与生长的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2643-2650.
[25]李燕,孙向阳,龚小强.园林废弃物堆肥替代泥炭用于红掌和鸟巢蕨栽培[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(5):736-742.
[26]魏乐,李素艳,李燕,等.园林废弃物堆肥替代泥炭用于天竺葵和金盏菊栽培[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(5):849-854.
[27]胡嘉伟,刘勇,马履一,等.园林废弃物堆肥替代油松容器苗基质材料的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(5):81-86.
[28]李雅君,葛瑞雪,刘悦秋,等.不同条件下园林废弃物堆肥对万寿菊生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(28):83-89.
[29]蒋艾平,刘军,姜景民.檫木叶片秋季衰老时叶色、色素和营养元素的关系[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(3):362-368.
[30]李昱彤,齐实,周金星,等.城市废弃物堆肥的混配基质对高羊茅营养生长期的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(5):1069-1078.
[31]朱春娆,苏恒强.基于熵权系数土壤肥力评价方法的研究[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(15):200-202,217.