可漫步的街道——上海市街道设计实践
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摘要
随着2016年《上海市街道设计导则》的出版,新型街道设计理念开始在中国受到关注。首先梳理街道设计理论发展的国际背景和中国经验。从街区层面的街道设计以及单条街道的设计改造两个层面,探讨街道设计的方式、方法。从老旧社区街道改造、历史文化街区街道改造、新城街区街道提升、街道界面共享改造四个角度,介绍上海市的街道改造经验。总结适宜人居的可漫步街道设计要点:强调空间尺度宜人、沿街活动多样性、为社区居民出行提供人性化的设施与绿化环境等。
Since Shanghai Street Design Guidelines has been published in 2016, much attention has been paid to the new concept of street design in China. This paper summaries the development of street design and implementation experiences from both the foreign countries and China. The paper discusses the methodology of street design at neighborhood community level and street level respectively. The paper introduces Shanghai's experience in four aspects: street redevelopment for old communities, historical district, and new towns, and improvement of street facade sharing. The paper finally highlights a series of features for designing walkable streets that are human scale of street space, diversity of street activities, humanity of residents' trips, and green space.
Since Shanghai Street Design Guidelines has been published in 2016, much attention has been paid to the new concept of street design in China. This paper summaries the development of street design and implementation experiences from both the foreign countries and China. The paper discusses the methodology of street design at neighborhood community level and street level respectively. The paper introduces Shanghai's experience in four aspects: street redevelopment for old communities, historical district, and new towns, and improvement of street facade sharing. The paper finally highlights a series of features for designing walkable streets that are human scale of street space, diversity of street activities, humanity of residents' trips, and green space.
引文
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[4]叶朕,李瑞敏,编译.完整街道政策发展综述[J].城市交通,2015,13(1):17-24+33.Ye Zhen,Li Ruimin,compiled.The Development of the Whole Street Policy[J].Urban Transport of China,2015,13(1):17-24+33.
[5]邵勇,王学勇,李娟,等.完整街道理念下的城市道路横断面规划[J].城市交通,2015,13(1):25-33.Shao Yong,Wang Xueyong,Li Juan,et al.Urban Roadway Cross-Section Design with Complete Street Concept[J].Urban Transport of China,2015,13(1):25-33.
[6]金山.上海活力街道设计要求与规划建设刍议[J].上海城市规划,2017(1):73-79.Jin Shan.Discussion on Design Requirements and Planning and Construction of the Vitality Street in Shanghai[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2017(1):73-79.
[7]李强,贾博,权海源,等.绿色街道理论与设计[J].建筑学报,2013(S1):147-152.Li Qiang,Jia Bo,Quan Haiyuan,et al.The Theory and Design of Green Street[J].Architectural Journal,2013(S1):147-152.
[8]上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司,上海市城市规划设计研究院,等.街道空间设计规范(报批稿)[R].上海:上海市住房和城乡建设管理委员会,2019.
[9]上海市规划和国土资源管理局,上海市交通委员会,上海市城市规划设计研究院,等.上海市街道设计导则[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2016.
[10]徐萱.城市社区街道空间研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2005.Xu Xuan.Study on Space of Urban Community Street[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2005.
[11]杨辰.社会主义城市的空间实践:上海工人新村(1949-1978)[J].人文地理,2011,26(3):35-40+64.Yang Chen.Spatial Practice of Socialist City:Worker's New Village in Shanghai(1949-1978)[J].Human Geography,2011,26(3):35-40+64.
[12]付晨.上海工人新村调查研究及其文化人类学思考:以曹杨新村为例[D].上海:同济大学,2004.
[13]上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司.曹杨社区美丽家园与城市更新规划研究[R].上海:上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司,2018.
[14]梅骏翔,郑文俊.传统城镇街区主题化改造思路与路径[J].规划师,2016,32(5):82-86.Mei Junxiang,Zheng Wenjun.Thematic Renovation of Traditional Towns[J].Planners,2016,32(5):82-86.
[15]李婧,余水仙.慢行系统的居住型历史街区复兴策略初探:以上海衡复风貌区为例[J].住宅科技,2018,38(1):18-22.Li Jing,Yu Shuixian.A Preliminary Study on the Rejuvenation Strategy of Residential Historic District with Slow Traffic System:Take Shanghai Hengfu Historical District as an Example[J].Housing Science,2018,38(1):18-22.
[16]盛强,方可.基于多源数据空间句法分析的数字化城市设计:以武汉三阳路城市更新项目为例[J].国际城市规划,2018,33(1):52-59.Sheng Qiang,Fang Ke.Digital Urban Design Using Space Syntax Analysis Based on Multi-Source Data:An Urban Renewal Project in Wuhan Sanyanglu Area[J].Urban Planning International,2018,33(1):52-59.
[17]叶宇,庄宇.新区空间形态与活力的演化假说:基于街道可达性、建筑密度和形态以及功能混合度的整合分析[J].国际城市规划,2017,32(2):43-49.Ye Yu,Zhuang Yu.A Hypothesis of Urban Morphogenesis and Urban Vitality in Newly Built-Up Areas:Analyses Based on Street Accessibility,Building Density and Functional Mixture[J].Urban Planning International,2017,32(2):43-49.
[18]上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司.上海市临港新城申港社区街区活力提升方案研究[R].上海:上海市规划局,2017.
[19]Auttapone Karndacharuk,Douglas J Wilson,Roger Dunn,等.城市环境中共享(街道)空间概念演变综述[J].魏贺,刘斌,译.城市交通,2015,13(3):76-94.Auttapone Karndacharuk,Douglas J Wilson,Roger Dunn,et al.A Review of the Evolution of Shared(Street)Space Concepts in Urban Environments[J].Wei He,Liu Bin,translated.Urban Transport of China,2015,13(3):76-94.
[20]昝佳利.共享理念下的街道空间形态分析:以成都小通巷为例[J].建材与装饰,2018(5):94-95.
[21]黄秋实.南京老城社区型共享街道空间建构与活力营造[D].南京:东南大学,2017.Huang Qiushi.The Construction of Space and Vitality for the Community Shared Street in Nanjing Old City[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2017.
[22]上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司.徐汇滨江地区黄石路道路改建工程[R].上海:上海市规划局,2017.
[23]付帅,扈万泰,章征涛.城市街道空间尺度设计的城市主义思考[J].国际城市规划,2014,29(2):111-117.Fu Shuai,Hu Wantai,Zhang Zhengtao Thoughts of Dimension Design of City Street Space Based on Urbanism[J].Urban Planning International,2014,29(2):111-117.
[24]上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司,PFS Studio.宁波市中山路景观方案设计[R].宁波:宁波市规划局,2018.
[2]顾永涛,朱枫,高捷.美国“完整街道”的思想内涵及其启示[C]//中国城市规划学会.城市时代,协同规划:2013中国城市规划年会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013:867-874.
[3]李雯,兰潇.城市最具潜力的公共空间再开发:世界典型街道设计手册综述[J].城市交通,2014,12(2):10-17+94.Li Wen,Lan Xiao.Redevelopment of Urban Public Space:A Review of Urban Street Design Manuals in the World[J].Urban Transport of China,2014,12(2):10-17+94.
[4]叶朕,李瑞敏,编译.完整街道政策发展综述[J].城市交通,2015,13(1):17-24+33.Ye Zhen,Li Ruimin,compiled.The Development of the Whole Street Policy[J].Urban Transport of China,2015,13(1):17-24+33.
[5]邵勇,王学勇,李娟,等.完整街道理念下的城市道路横断面规划[J].城市交通,2015,13(1):25-33.Shao Yong,Wang Xueyong,Li Juan,et al.Urban Roadway Cross-Section Design with Complete Street Concept[J].Urban Transport of China,2015,13(1):25-33.
[6]金山.上海活力街道设计要求与规划建设刍议[J].上海城市规划,2017(1):73-79.Jin Shan.Discussion on Design Requirements and Planning and Construction of the Vitality Street in Shanghai[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2017(1):73-79.
[7]李强,贾博,权海源,等.绿色街道理论与设计[J].建筑学报,2013(S1):147-152.Li Qiang,Jia Bo,Quan Haiyuan,et al.The Theory and Design of Green Street[J].Architectural Journal,2013(S1):147-152.
[8]上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司,上海市城市规划设计研究院,等.街道空间设计规范(报批稿)[R].上海:上海市住房和城乡建设管理委员会,2019.
[9]上海市规划和国土资源管理局,上海市交通委员会,上海市城市规划设计研究院,等.上海市街道设计导则[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2016.
[10]徐萱.城市社区街道空间研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2005.Xu Xuan.Study on Space of Urban Community Street[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2005.
[11]杨辰.社会主义城市的空间实践:上海工人新村(1949-1978)[J].人文地理,2011,26(3):35-40+64.Yang Chen.Spatial Practice of Socialist City:Worker's New Village in Shanghai(1949-1978)[J].Human Geography,2011,26(3):35-40+64.
[12]付晨.上海工人新村调查研究及其文化人类学思考:以曹杨新村为例[D].上海:同济大学,2004.
[13]上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司.曹杨社区美丽家园与城市更新规划研究[R].上海:上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司,2018.
[14]梅骏翔,郑文俊.传统城镇街区主题化改造思路与路径[J].规划师,2016,32(5):82-86.Mei Junxiang,Zheng Wenjun.Thematic Renovation of Traditional Towns[J].Planners,2016,32(5):82-86.
[15]李婧,余水仙.慢行系统的居住型历史街区复兴策略初探:以上海衡复风貌区为例[J].住宅科技,2018,38(1):18-22.Li Jing,Yu Shuixian.A Preliminary Study on the Rejuvenation Strategy of Residential Historic District with Slow Traffic System:Take Shanghai Hengfu Historical District as an Example[J].Housing Science,2018,38(1):18-22.
[16]盛强,方可.基于多源数据空间句法分析的数字化城市设计:以武汉三阳路城市更新项目为例[J].国际城市规划,2018,33(1):52-59.Sheng Qiang,Fang Ke.Digital Urban Design Using Space Syntax Analysis Based on Multi-Source Data:An Urban Renewal Project in Wuhan Sanyanglu Area[J].Urban Planning International,2018,33(1):52-59.
[17]叶宇,庄宇.新区空间形态与活力的演化假说:基于街道可达性、建筑密度和形态以及功能混合度的整合分析[J].国际城市规划,2017,32(2):43-49.Ye Yu,Zhuang Yu.A Hypothesis of Urban Morphogenesis and Urban Vitality in Newly Built-Up Areas:Analyses Based on Street Accessibility,Building Density and Functional Mixture[J].Urban Planning International,2017,32(2):43-49.
[18]上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司.上海市临港新城申港社区街区活力提升方案研究[R].上海:上海市规划局,2017.
[19]Auttapone Karndacharuk,Douglas J Wilson,Roger Dunn,等.城市环境中共享(街道)空间概念演变综述[J].魏贺,刘斌,译.城市交通,2015,13(3):76-94.Auttapone Karndacharuk,Douglas J Wilson,Roger Dunn,et al.A Review of the Evolution of Shared(Street)Space Concepts in Urban Environments[J].Wei He,Liu Bin,translated.Urban Transport of China,2015,13(3):76-94.
[20]昝佳利.共享理念下的街道空间形态分析:以成都小通巷为例[J].建材与装饰,2018(5):94-95.
[21]黄秋实.南京老城社区型共享街道空间建构与活力营造[D].南京:东南大学,2017.Huang Qiushi.The Construction of Space and Vitality for the Community Shared Street in Nanjing Old City[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2017.
[22]上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司.徐汇滨江地区黄石路道路改建工程[R].上海:上海市规划局,2017.
[23]付帅,扈万泰,章征涛.城市街道空间尺度设计的城市主义思考[J].国际城市规划,2014,29(2):111-117.Fu Shuai,Hu Wantai,Zhang Zhengtao Thoughts of Dimension Design of City Street Space Based on Urbanism[J].Urban Planning International,2014,29(2):111-117.
[24]上海市城市建设设计研究总院(集团)有限公司,PFS Studio.宁波市中山路景观方案设计[R].宁波:宁波市规划局,2018.