含水率与C/N耦合对驴粪堆肥过程中温室气体排放的影响
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摘要
在全球气候变化背景下温室气体减排已成为当前研究热点之一。该研究通过研究含水率和C/N耦合对驴粪堆肥过程中的温室气体排放和全球增温潜势的影响,从中筛选出温室气体减排的含水率和C/N耦合模式,为实现堆肥过程中温室气体减排提供依据和参考。以驴粪堆肥为对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了不同C/N和含水率耦合,即W_1R_1(含水率:55%;C/N:25-1)、W_1R_2(含水率:55%;C/N:30-1)、W_1R_3(含水率:55%;C/N:35-1)、W_2R_1(含水率:60%;C/N:25-1)、W_2R_1(含水率:60%;C/N:30-1)、W_2R_3(含水率:60%;C/N:35-1)6种驴粪堆肥模式对温室气体排放和全球增温潜势的影响。结果表明,在堆肥过程中,堆温呈先升后降趋势,含氧量呈先降后升趋势,堆温和含氧量呈极显著负相关关系;低C/N、低含水率有利于堆温的升高。N_2O、CH_4、CO_2排放通量总体呈先升后降趋势,排放峰值分别出现在堆肥后24、8、16 d左右。6种堆肥模式下CH4、CO_2排放通量与堆温呈极显著正相关,CH4排放通量与含氧量呈极显著负相关。全球增温潜势大小顺序为W_2R_1>W_2R_3>W_1R_2>W_1R_1>W_2R_2>W_1R_3。各处理均以CO_2累积排放量对全球增温潜势贡献最大,达到66.30%以上,N_2O贡献为2.07%-32.45%,CH4贡献低于1.54%。综合考虑堆温和全球增温效应,建议采用W_1R_3堆肥模式。
Greenhouse gas emission reduction has been one of the research hotspots under the context of global climate change. The effects of moisture content and C/N coupling mode on reducing greenhouse gas emission and global warming potential(GWP) were studied in this paper., so as to find the suitable moisture content and C/N coupling mode for reducing greenhouse gas emission, and provide the references or reasons for greenhouse gas emission reduction in manure composting. The six donkey manure composting treatments, such as W_1R_1(water content: 55%; C/N: 25-1), W_1 R_2(water content: 55%; C/N: 30-1), W_1 R_3(water content: 55%; C/N:35-1), W_2 R_1(water content: 60%; C/N: 25-1), W_2 R_1(water content: 60%; C/N: 30-1) and W_2 R_3(water content: 60%; C/N: 35-1)were set to research greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential by using the static chamber-gas chromatography. The results showed that the manure temperature increased in the early stage and decreased in the mid and later stage, but the opposite trend happened to the oxygen content, so the manure temperature and oxygen content showed a significantly negative correlationship. Lower C/N ratio and water content were conducive to the manure temperature increasing. The N_2 O, CH_4, and CO_2 emission fluxes mainly increased in early period and decreased in mid and later stage, and the biggest emission fluxes of N_2 O, CH_4,and CO_2 appeared around 24 d, 8 d and 16 d after manure composting, respectively. The CH4 and CO_2 emission fluxes positively correlated with the manure temperature among the six composting modes, but the significantly negative relationship happened to CH4 emission flux with the manure oxygen content. GWP decreased in sequence of W_2 R_1>W_2 R_3>W_1 R_2>W_1 R_1>W_2 R_2>W_1 R_3. The cumulative CO_2 emission amount of each treatment made the greatest contribution to GWP, the contribution proportion was more than 66.30%, N_2 O contribution proportion varied from 2.07% to 32.45%, and CH_4 contribution proportion was less than 1.54%.Considering the manure composting temperature and global warming effect, the W_1R_3 composting mode should be recommended.
Greenhouse gas emission reduction has been one of the research hotspots under the context of global climate change. The effects of moisture content and C/N coupling mode on reducing greenhouse gas emission and global warming potential(GWP) were studied in this paper., so as to find the suitable moisture content and C/N coupling mode for reducing greenhouse gas emission, and provide the references or reasons for greenhouse gas emission reduction in manure composting. The six donkey manure composting treatments, such as W_1R_1(water content: 55%; C/N: 25-1), W_1 R_2(water content: 55%; C/N: 30-1), W_1 R_3(water content: 55%; C/N:35-1), W_2 R_1(water content: 60%; C/N: 25-1), W_2 R_1(water content: 60%; C/N: 30-1) and W_2 R_3(water content: 60%; C/N: 35-1)were set to research greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential by using the static chamber-gas chromatography. The results showed that the manure temperature increased in the early stage and decreased in the mid and later stage, but the opposite trend happened to the oxygen content, so the manure temperature and oxygen content showed a significantly negative correlationship. Lower C/N ratio and water content were conducive to the manure temperature increasing. The N_2 O, CH_4, and CO_2 emission fluxes mainly increased in early period and decreased in mid and later stage, and the biggest emission fluxes of N_2 O, CH_4,and CO_2 appeared around 24 d, 8 d and 16 d after manure composting, respectively. The CH4 and CO_2 emission fluxes positively correlated with the manure temperature among the six composting modes, but the significantly negative relationship happened to CH4 emission flux with the manure oxygen content. GWP decreased in sequence of W_2 R_1>W_2 R_3>W_1 R_2>W_1 R_1>W_2 R_2>W_1 R_3. The cumulative CO_2 emission amount of each treatment made the greatest contribution to GWP, the contribution proportion was more than 66.30%, N_2 O contribution proportion varied from 2.07% to 32.45%, and CH_4 contribution proportion was less than 1.54%.Considering the manure composting temperature and global warming effect, the W_1R_3 composting mode should be recommended.
引文
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IPCC,2012.Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation.A special report of working groupsⅠandⅡof the intergovernmental panel on climate change[C]//Cambridge,UK,and New York,NY,USA:Cambridge university Press:pp.1-19.
PRATT C,REDDING M,HILL J,et al.,2015.Does manure management affect the latent greenhouse gas emitting potential of livestock manures?[J].Waste Management,46:568-576
STEINFELD H,GERBER P,WASSENAAR T,et al.,2006.Livestock's long shadow[M].Rome:FAO.
TAMURA T,OSADA T,2006.Effect of moisture control in pile-type composting of dairy manure by adding wheat straw on greenhouse gas emission[J].International Congress,1293:311-314.
WANG J Z,HU Z Y,XU X K,et al.,2014.Emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases during combined pre-composting and vermicomposting of duck manure[J].Waste Management,34(8):1546-1552.
ZHONG J,WEI Y S,WAN H F,et al.,2013.Greenhouse gas emission from the total process of swine manure composting and land application of compost[J].Atmospheric Environment,81:348-355.
陈庆伟,郑涛,李玲,2011.反硝化过程中温室气体N2O产生和积累的影响因素[J].安徽农业科学,39(19):11667-11668.CHEN Q W,ZHENG T,LI L,2011.Influence factors of N2Oproduction and accumulation during denitrification[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,39(19):11667-11668.
陈雅娟,霍培书,程旭艳,等,2012.物料C/N对鸡粪锯末高温堆肥腐熟过程主要指标的影响研究[J].中国农业大学学报,17(5):118-123.CHEN Y J,HUO P S,CHENG X Y,et al.,2012.Effects of different C/N of composting materials on main indexes of high-temperature aerobic composting of chicken manure and sawdust[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,17(5):118-123.
丁钢强,韩圣慧,袁玉玲,等,2014.冬季猪粪固体堆放过程中NH3、N2O和NO排放特征研究[J].环境科学,35(7):2807-2815.DING G Q,HAN S H,YUAN Y L,et al.,2014.Emissions of NH3,N2O,and NO from swine manure solid storage in winter[J].Environmental Science,35(7):2807-2815.
伏小勇,杜丽娜,2010.高寒地区冬季污泥快速堆肥中试试验[J].安徽农业科学,38(25):13772-13773,13799.FU X Y,DU L N,2010.Semi-works production experiment on rapid composting of sludge in high-cold area in winter[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,38(25):13772-13773,13799.
胡保安,贾宏涛,朱新萍,等,2015.不同水分条件下巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地夏季N2O日排放特征[J].生态环境学报,24(5):811-817.HU B A,JIA H T,ZHU X P,et al.,2015.Daily characteristics of summer N2O emission under different water conditions at Bayinbuluke Swan Lake alpine wetland[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,24(5):811-817.
黄涛,仇少君,杜娟,等,2013.碳氮管理措施对冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系作物产量、秸秆腐解、土壤CO2排放的影响[J].中国农业科学,46(4):756-768.HUANG T,QIU S J,DU J,et al.,2013.Effects of different carbon and nitrogen managements on yield,straw decomposition,soil CO2 flux of the winter wheat/summer maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,46(4):756-768.
江振,王巨媛,于学茹,等,2017.牛粪不同堆肥模式对温室气体排放的影响[J].河南农业科学,46(4):61-67.JIANG Z,WANG J Y,YU X R,et al.,2017.Effect of different composting models of cattle manure on greenhouse gases emission[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,46(4):61-67.
刘红红,郭智,郑建初,等,2015.不同栽培技术对稻季CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].生态环境学报,24(6):1022-1027.LIU H H,GUO Z,ZHENG J C,et al.,2015.Effect of different cultivation techniques on CH4 and N2O emissions in paddy season[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,24(6):1022-1027.
刘茹飞,陈刚,王明超,等,2017.我国典型禽畜粪便资源化技术研究[J].再生资源与循环经济,10(3):37-40.LIU R F,CHEN G,WANG M C,et al.,2017.Research on resource utilization technology of livestock and poultry manure in China[J].Recyclable Resources and Circular Economy,10(3):37-40.
秦莉,沈玉君,李国学,等,2010.不同C/N比堆肥碳素物质变化规律研究[J].农业环境科学学报,29(7):1388-1393.QIN L,SHEN Y J,LI G X,et al.,2010.C matter change of composting with different C/N[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,29(7):1388-1393.
沈玉君,李国学,任丽梅,等,2010.不同通风速率对堆肥腐熟度和含氮气体排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,29(9):1814-1819.SHEN Y J,LI G X,REN L M,et al.,2010.The impact of composting with different aeration rates on maturity variation and emission of gas concluding N[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,29(9):1814-1819.
史磊,王巨媛,于学茹,等,2017.羊粪不同堆肥模式对温室气体排放的影响[J].河南农业科学,46(12):48-53.SHI L,WANG J Y,YU X R,et al.,2017.Effect of different composting models of sheep manure on greenhouse gases emission[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,46(12):48-53.
孙英杰,吴昊,王亚楠,2011.硝化反硝化过程中N2O释放影响因素[J].生态环境学报,20(2):384-388.SUN Y J,WU H,WANG Y N,2011.The influence factors on N2Oemissions from nirification and denitrification reaction[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,20(2):384-388.
王菲,王顺利,刘克锋,等,2015.不同碳氮比对牛粪秸秆干法厌氧发酵产气及肥效的影响[J].北京农学院学报,30(3):62-66.WANG F,WANG S L,LIU K F,et al.,2015.Effect of different carbon-nitrogen ratios on the biogas production and fertilizer efficiency of cow manure and straw through dry anaerobic fermentation[J].Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture,30(3):62-66.
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