遮阴对米槁幼苗光合生理指标的影响
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摘要
米槁是我国少数民族特色药用植物之一,为了探索其对光的需求及其生理适应性,解决其产量下降的问题,笔者以1年生米槁幼苗为试验对象,通过Li-6400测定在不同尼龙网遮阴环境下(透光率分别为100%,75%±5%,40%±5%)米槁幼苗培养120d的光合生理特性,了解其变化规律.结果表明:随着遮阴加剧,米槁幼苗叶片Chla(叶绿素a)、Chlb(叶绿素b)、Chl(总叶绿素)、Car(类胡萝卜素)含量上升,Chla/b含量的比值下降.遮阴加剧使米槁光饱和点有所增加,且净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)皆先增大后快速减小.胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)恰好相反,其随遮阴的加剧先降后升,蒸腾速率(T_r)则持续下降,而水分利用率WUE不断升高.透光率为75%±5%时米槁P_n、G_s最大,C_i最小,为米槁生长的最适透光率.
Cinnamomum migao is one of the special medicinal plants of ethnic minorities in China.In order to explore its photosynthetic requirement and physiological adaptability,and to solve the problem of yield decline,the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of oneyear-old seedlings of C.migao were measured by Li-6400 under different nylon net shading conditions for 120 days(transmittance was 100%,75%±5%,40%±5%)in the experiment to understand its laws of change.The results showed that the contents of Chla(chlorophyll a),Chlb(chlorophyll b),Chl(total chlorophyll)and Car(carotenoid)increased and the ratio of Chl a/b decreased with shading increasing.At the same time,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and stomatal conductance(G_s)of the C.migao leaves increased first and then decreased rapidly with the increase of shading.Intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i),on the contrary,decreased first and then increased,transpiration rate(T_r)continued to decline,and WUE increased with shading.When the light transmittance was 75% ±5%,the Pnand Gsvalues were the largest and the C_i values were the smallest.Therefore,it was the optimum light transmittance for the growth of the tree.
Cinnamomum migao is one of the special medicinal plants of ethnic minorities in China.In order to explore its photosynthetic requirement and physiological adaptability,and to solve the problem of yield decline,the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of oneyear-old seedlings of C.migao were measured by Li-6400 under different nylon net shading conditions for 120 days(transmittance was 100%,75%±5%,40%±5%)in the experiment to understand its laws of change.The results showed that the contents of Chla(chlorophyll a),Chlb(chlorophyll b),Chl(total chlorophyll)and Car(carotenoid)increased and the ratio of Chl a/b decreased with shading increasing.At the same time,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and stomatal conductance(G_s)of the C.migao leaves increased first and then decreased rapidly with the increase of shading.Intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i),on the contrary,decreased first and then increased,transpiration rate(T_r)continued to decline,and WUE increased with shading.When the light transmittance was 75% ±5%,the Pnand Gsvalues were the largest and the C_i values were the smallest.Therefore,it was the optimum light transmittance for the growth of the tree.
引文
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[14]ATANASOVA L,STEFANOV D,YORDANOV I,et al.Comparative characteristics of growth and photosynthesis of sun and shade leaves from normal and pendulum walnut(Juglans regia L.)trees[J].Photosynthetic,2003,41(2):289-292.
[15]BRITTON G.Biosynthesis of carotenoids[C]//GOODWIN T W.Plant Pigments.London:Academic Press,1988:133-182.
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[17]李建银.苗药大果木姜子的化学和药理学研究进展[C]//中国民族医药学会.2003全国苗医药学术研讨会特辑,2003:260-262.
[18]沈丽,马琳,朱海燕,等.大果木姜子的化学成分[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2011,17(15):108-109.
[19]李永康.贵州植物志[M].3版.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1986:75.
[20]赵山,李鸿玉,邱德文,等.大果木姜子资源,生态调查-贵州、桂北及湘黔桂接壤区[J].贵阳中医学院学报,1991(3):59-61.
[21]文爱华,刘济明,熊雪,等.遮阴处理对米槁幼苗生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(3):125-128.
[22]熊雪,刘济明,王军才,等.磷素供给对米槁幼苗光合作用:CO2响应的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(11):1983-1988.
[23]李丽霞,刘济明,黄小龙,等.不同氮素条件米槁幼苗光合作用对CO2响应特征[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,48(2):29-36.
[24]骆畅,刘济明,王军才,等.不同磷营养条件下米槁光响应曲线模型比较分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2016,47(10):17-24.
[25]王军才,刘济明,李丽霞,等.不同氮素条件下米槁光响应曲线拟合模型的比较分析[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):49-54.
[26]文爱华.米槁苗期光合及水分生理特性研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学林学院,2016.
[27]王军才,廖小锋,刘济明,等.米槁净光合速率与生理生态因子的关系[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(8):256-259.
[28]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[29]何春霞,李吉跃,郭明,等.4种乔木叶片光合特性和水分利用效率随树高的变化[J].生态学报,2008,28(7):3008-3016.
[30]于盈盈,胡聃,郭二辉,等.城市遮阴环境变化对大叶黄杨光合过程的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5646-5653.
[31]蔡建国,任君霞,姜朝阳,等.芒属5种观赏草的耐荫性研究[J].福建林学院学报,2012,32(3):246-251.
[32]陈玉锋,黄旭峰,古锐,等.不同光照强度下红毛五加光合及生理特性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2018,43(5):926-933.
[33]孙小玲,许岳飞,马鲁沂,等.植株叶片的光合色素构成对遮阴的响应[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(8):989-999.
[34]薛伟,李向义,朱军涛,等.遮阴对疏叶骆驼刺叶形态和光合参数的影响[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(1):82-90.
[35]张云,夏国华,马凯,等.遮阴对堇叶紫金牛光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):1940-1948.
[36]徐德聪,吕芳德,栗彬,等.不同品种美国山核桃叶绿素荧光特性的比较[J].果树学报,2008(5):671-676.
[37]王建华,任士福,史宝胜,等.遮荫对连翘光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(7):1811-1817.
[38]张建新,颜赟,方炎明.遮光对臭牡丹生长和光合特性的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2013(1):88-93.
[39]王旭军,吴际友,廖德志,等.长沙市8种常见绿化树种的耐阴性[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(3):14-16.
[40]YAMAZAK J,SHINOMINA W.Effect of partial shading on the photosynthetic apparatus and photosystem stoichiometry in sunflower leaves[J].Photosynthetica,2013,51(1):3-12.
[41]孙一荣,朱教君,于立忠,等.不同光强下核桃楸、水曲柳和黄菠萝的光合生理特征[J].林业科学,2009,45(9):29-35.
[42]DEMMI A B,ADAMS W.Photo protection and other responses of plant in light stress[J].Ann Rev Plant Physical PlantMol Biol,1992,43:599-626.
[43]FAVARETTOA V F,MARTINEZA C A,SORIANIA H H,et al.Differential responses of antioxidant enzymes in pioneer and late-successional tropical tree species grown under sun and shade conditions[J].Environment and Experimental Botany,2011,70(1):20-28.
[44]朱巧玲,冷佳奕,叶庆生.黑毛石斛和长距石斛的光合特性[J].植物学报,2013,48(2):151-159.
[45]吕晋慧,王玄,冯雁梦,等.遮荫对金莲花光合特性和叶片解剖特征的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):6033-6043.
[2]安玉艳,梁宗锁,郝文芳.杠柳幼苗对不同强度干旱胁迫的生长与生理响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(3):716-725.
[3]张斌斌,蔡志翔,沈志军,等.遮阴对红叶桃幼苗部分生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(4):161-164.
[4]杨渺,毛凯,马金星.遮阴生境下假俭草的形态变化与能量分配研究[J].中国草地,2004,26(2):44-48.
[5]KAR R K,KHOUDHURI M A.Possible mechanisms of light-induced chlorophyll degradation insenenscing leaves of Hydrilla verticillata[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1987,70(4):729-734.
[6]张春明,张耀文,郭志利.间作模式下小豆光合特征及产量效益研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(3):226-231.
[7]种培芳,陈年来.光照强度对园艺植物光合作用影响的研究进展[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(5):104-109.
[8]秦舒浩,李玲玲.遮光处理对西葫芦幼苗形态特征及光合生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(4):653-656.
[9]LICHTENTHALER H K,ALEXANDER A C,MAREK M V,et al.Differences in pigment composition,photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll fluorescence images of sun and shade leaves of four tree species[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2007,45(8):577-588.
[10]LICHTENTHALER H K,BUSCHMANN C,DOLL M,et al.Photosynthetic activity,chloroplast ultra structure,and leaf characteristics of high-light and low-light plants and of sun and shade leaves[J].Photosynthesis Research,1981,2(2):115-141.
[11]LICHTENTHALER H K,WELLBURN A R.Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophyll a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents[J].Biochemical Society Transactions,1983,11(5):591-592.
[12]ZHANG J Z,SHI L,SHI A P,et al.Photosynthetic responses of four Hosta cultivars to shade treatments[J].Photosynthetic,2004,42(2):213-218.
[13]WITTMANN C,ASCHAN G,PFANZ H.Leaf and twig photosynthesis of young beech(Fagus sylvatica)and aspen(Populus tremula)trees grown under different light regime[J].Basic and Applied Ecology,2001,2(2):145-154.
[14]ATANASOVA L,STEFANOV D,YORDANOV I,et al.Comparative characteristics of growth and photosynthesis of sun and shade leaves from normal and pendulum walnut(Juglans regia L.)trees[J].Photosynthetic,2003,41(2):289-292.
[15]BRITTON G.Biosynthesis of carotenoids[C]//GOODWIN T W.Plant Pigments.London:Academic Press,1988:133-182.
[16]BUNGARD R A,RUBAN A V,HIBBERD J M,et al.Unusual carotenoid composition and a new type of xanthophyll cycle in plants[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1999,96(3):1135-1139.
[17]李建银.苗药大果木姜子的化学和药理学研究进展[C]//中国民族医药学会.2003全国苗医药学术研讨会特辑,2003:260-262.
[18]沈丽,马琳,朱海燕,等.大果木姜子的化学成分[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2011,17(15):108-109.
[19]李永康.贵州植物志[M].3版.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1986:75.
[20]赵山,李鸿玉,邱德文,等.大果木姜子资源,生态调查-贵州、桂北及湘黔桂接壤区[J].贵阳中医学院学报,1991(3):59-61.
[21]文爱华,刘济明,熊雪,等.遮阴处理对米槁幼苗生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(3):125-128.
[22]熊雪,刘济明,王军才,等.磷素供给对米槁幼苗光合作用:CO2响应的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(11):1983-1988.
[23]李丽霞,刘济明,黄小龙,等.不同氮素条件米槁幼苗光合作用对CO2响应特征[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,48(2):29-36.
[24]骆畅,刘济明,王军才,等.不同磷营养条件下米槁光响应曲线模型比较分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2016,47(10):17-24.
[25]王军才,刘济明,李丽霞,等.不同氮素条件下米槁光响应曲线拟合模型的比较分析[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):49-54.
[26]文爱华.米槁苗期光合及水分生理特性研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学林学院,2016.
[27]王军才,廖小锋,刘济明,等.米槁净光合速率与生理生态因子的关系[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(8):256-259.
[28]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[29]何春霞,李吉跃,郭明,等.4种乔木叶片光合特性和水分利用效率随树高的变化[J].生态学报,2008,28(7):3008-3016.
[30]于盈盈,胡聃,郭二辉,等.城市遮阴环境变化对大叶黄杨光合过程的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5646-5653.
[31]蔡建国,任君霞,姜朝阳,等.芒属5种观赏草的耐荫性研究[J].福建林学院学报,2012,32(3):246-251.
[32]陈玉锋,黄旭峰,古锐,等.不同光照强度下红毛五加光合及生理特性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2018,43(5):926-933.
[33]孙小玲,许岳飞,马鲁沂,等.植株叶片的光合色素构成对遮阴的响应[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(8):989-999.
[34]薛伟,李向义,朱军涛,等.遮阴对疏叶骆驼刺叶形态和光合参数的影响[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(1):82-90.
[35]张云,夏国华,马凯,等.遮阴对堇叶紫金牛光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):1940-1948.
[36]徐德聪,吕芳德,栗彬,等.不同品种美国山核桃叶绿素荧光特性的比较[J].果树学报,2008(5):671-676.
[37]王建华,任士福,史宝胜,等.遮荫对连翘光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(7):1811-1817.
[38]张建新,颜赟,方炎明.遮光对臭牡丹生长和光合特性的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2013(1):88-93.
[39]王旭军,吴际友,廖德志,等.长沙市8种常见绿化树种的耐阴性[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(3):14-16.
[40]YAMAZAK J,SHINOMINA W.Effect of partial shading on the photosynthetic apparatus and photosystem stoichiometry in sunflower leaves[J].Photosynthetica,2013,51(1):3-12.
[41]孙一荣,朱教君,于立忠,等.不同光强下核桃楸、水曲柳和黄菠萝的光合生理特征[J].林业科学,2009,45(9):29-35.
[42]DEMMI A B,ADAMS W.Photo protection and other responses of plant in light stress[J].Ann Rev Plant Physical PlantMol Biol,1992,43:599-626.
[43]FAVARETTOA V F,MARTINEZA C A,SORIANIA H H,et al.Differential responses of antioxidant enzymes in pioneer and late-successional tropical tree species grown under sun and shade conditions[J].Environment and Experimental Botany,2011,70(1):20-28.
[44]朱巧玲,冷佳奕,叶庆生.黑毛石斛和长距石斛的光合特性[J].植物学报,2013,48(2):151-159.
[45]吕晋慧,王玄,冯雁梦,等.遮荫对金莲花光合特性和叶片解剖特征的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):6033-6043.