不同质地土壤玉米秸秆还田配施腐熟剂效应的研究
|
摘要
为研究鉴选不同质地土壤秸秆还田适宜的秸秆腐熟剂,于2017—2018年在西辽河平原灌区中壤土和砂壤土秸秆还田配施人元腐熟剂和中农绿康腐熟剂,以秸秆还田不施腐熟剂为对照,共设置6个处理,测定玉米秸秆腐解率、玉米产量、玉米根系特性和土壤化学性状,研究不同秸秆腐熟剂对玉米产量及土壤特性的影响。结果表明:不同质地土壤2种腐熟剂秸秆腐解率间无显著差异;中壤土2年各处理玉米产量及根系特性、土壤化学性状均表现为人元腐熟剂>中农绿康腐熟剂>秸秆还田不施腐熟剂,且中农绿康腐熟剂和人元腐熟剂显著高于秸秆还田不施腐熟剂,而2种腐熟剂处理之间无显著差异;砂壤土2年各处理玉米产量及根系特性、土壤化学性状均表现为中农绿康腐熟剂>人元腐熟剂>秸秆还田不施腐熟剂,且中农绿康腐熟剂显著高于人元腐熟剂和秸秆还田不施腐熟剂。2年不同质地土壤中配施腐熟剂在根系特性、土壤化学性状方面表现为砂壤土配施中农绿康腐熟剂效果优于人元腐熟剂,而中壤土配施2种腐熟剂效果无显著性差异。
In order to study the suitable straw decomposition agents for different soil textures,six treatments were set up to determine the decomposition rate of maize straw,maize yield,characteristics of maize root system and soil chemical properties in the irrigation area of West Liaohe Plain from 2017 to 2018,in which maize straw mixed with Renyuan maturation agent and Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent were returned to medium loam and sandy loam,and straw returning to the field without applying maturation agent was taken as the control.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the decomposing rate between the two kinds of maturation agents in different texture soils.The yield,root characteristics and soil chemical properties of the middle loam in the two years all followed the order of Renyuan maturation agent>Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent>control,and the values of Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent and Renyuan maturation agent were significantly higher than those of the control,while there was no significant difference between the two kinds of maturation agents.The yield,root characteristics and soil chemical properties of sandy loam in the two years all followed the order of Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent>Renyuan maturation agent>control,and the values of Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent were all significantly higher than those of Renyuan maturation agent and the control.For improvement of the root characteristics and soil chemical properties,in sandy loam soil,the effect of applying Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent was better than that of Renyuan maturation agent,while in medium loam,there was no significant difference between the two kinds of maturation agents.
In order to study the suitable straw decomposition agents for different soil textures,six treatments were set up to determine the decomposition rate of maize straw,maize yield,characteristics of maize root system and soil chemical properties in the irrigation area of West Liaohe Plain from 2017 to 2018,in which maize straw mixed with Renyuan maturation agent and Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent were returned to medium loam and sandy loam,and straw returning to the field without applying maturation agent was taken as the control.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the decomposing rate between the two kinds of maturation agents in different texture soils.The yield,root characteristics and soil chemical properties of the middle loam in the two years all followed the order of Renyuan maturation agent>Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent>control,and the values of Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent and Renyuan maturation agent were significantly higher than those of the control,while there was no significant difference between the two kinds of maturation agents.The yield,root characteristics and soil chemical properties of sandy loam in the two years all followed the order of Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent>Renyuan maturation agent>control,and the values of Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent were all significantly higher than those of Renyuan maturation agent and the control.For improvement of the root characteristics and soil chemical properties,in sandy loam soil,the effect of applying Zhongnong Lvkang maturation agent was better than that of Renyuan maturation agent,while in medium loam,there was no significant difference between the two kinds of maturation agents.
引文
[1]Amaya N,Medero N,Tancredi N,et al.Activated carbon briquettes from biomass materials[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(8):1635-1641.
[2]萨如拉,于宗波,邰继承,等.隔年秸秆还田对连作玉米养分积累及叶片生理特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2019,37(3):82-87.
[3]萨如拉,高聚林,于晓芳,等.玉米秸秆深翻还田对土壤有益微生物和土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):138-143.
[4]李纯燕,杨恒山,萨如拉,等.不同耕作措施下秸秆还田对土壤速效养分和微生物量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):197-201.
[5]杨帆,董燕,徐明岗,等.南方地区秸秆还田对土壤综合肥力和作物产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):3040-3044.
[6]李国阳,燕照玲,李仟,等.秸秆还田配施肥料及腐熟剂对土壤酶活性及小麦产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(8):59-63.
[7]胡诚,陈云峰,乔艳,等.秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对低产黄泥田的改良作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):59-66.
[8]张电学,韩志卿,刘微,等.不同促腐条件下玉米秸秆直接还田的生物学效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):36-43.
[9]于建光,常志州,黄红英,等.秸秆腐熟剂对土壤微生物及养分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(3):563-570.
[10]杨振兴,周怀平,关春林,等.长期秸秆还田对旱地土壤硝态氮分布与积累的影响[J].华北农学报,2013,28(3):179-182.
[11]萨如拉,杨恒山,范富,等.秸秆还田量和腐熟剂对秸秆降解率和土壤理化性质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(9):56-61.
[12]Giannopolitis C N,Ries S K.Superoxide dismutases:I.Occurrence in higher plants[J].Plant Physiology,1977,59(2):309-314.
[13]Caktnak I,Marschner H.Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase,as corbate peroxidase,and glutathione reductase in bean leaves[J].Plant Physiology,1992,98(4):1222-1227.
[14]Hodges D M,Delong J M,Forney C F,et al.Improving the thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances assay for stimating lipid peroxidation in plant tissues containing anthocyanin and other interfering ompounds[J].Planta,1999,207:604-611.
[15]沈其.土壤肥料学通论[M].北京:高等教育出版,2008:96.
[16]关松荫,张德生,张志明.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:189-269.
[18]刘慧屿,刘慧颖,娄春荣,等.不同秸秆还田模式对风砂土玉米生育特性及土壤活性碳、氮的影响[J].土壤通报,2018,49(1):133-139.
[19]窦莉洋.秸秆还田对不同类型土壤团聚体稳定性、有机碳含量及其分布的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2018.
[20]Bowles T M,Acosta-Martinez V,Calderon F,et al.Soil enzyme activities,microbial communities,and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively-managed agricultural landscape[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,68(1):252-262.
[21]孙瑞莲,赵秉强,朱鲁生,等.长期定位施肥田土壤酶活性的动态变化特征[J].生态环境,2008,17(5):2059-2063.
[22]李春阳.不同秸秆还田量对土壤性状及玉米产量的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[23]张夫道.氮素营养研究中几个热点问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(4):331-338.
[24]樊俊,谭军,王瑞,等.秸秆还田和腐熟有机肥对植烟土壤养分、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响[J].烟草科技,2019,52(2):12-18.
[25]冷麟良.秸秆喷施快速腐熟剂后还田对玉米生长及产量的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2012.
[26]高婷,张源沛.荒漠草原土壤微生物数量与土壤及植被分布类型的关系[J].草业科学,2006,23(12):22-25.
[27]张铭冉.土壤类型与栽培措施对板栗土壤酶活性及土壤微生物数量的影响[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[28]杨军.潮土质地和秸秆还田耦合条件下微生物分异及对土壤和秸秆分解的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[2]萨如拉,于宗波,邰继承,等.隔年秸秆还田对连作玉米养分积累及叶片生理特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2019,37(3):82-87.
[3]萨如拉,高聚林,于晓芳,等.玉米秸秆深翻还田对土壤有益微生物和土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):138-143.
[4]李纯燕,杨恒山,萨如拉,等.不同耕作措施下秸秆还田对土壤速效养分和微生物量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):197-201.
[5]杨帆,董燕,徐明岗,等.南方地区秸秆还田对土壤综合肥力和作物产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):3040-3044.
[6]李国阳,燕照玲,李仟,等.秸秆还田配施肥料及腐熟剂对土壤酶活性及小麦产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(8):59-63.
[7]胡诚,陈云峰,乔艳,等.秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对低产黄泥田的改良作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):59-66.
[8]张电学,韩志卿,刘微,等.不同促腐条件下玉米秸秆直接还田的生物学效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):36-43.
[9]于建光,常志州,黄红英,等.秸秆腐熟剂对土壤微生物及养分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(3):563-570.
[10]杨振兴,周怀平,关春林,等.长期秸秆还田对旱地土壤硝态氮分布与积累的影响[J].华北农学报,2013,28(3):179-182.
[11]萨如拉,杨恒山,范富,等.秸秆还田量和腐熟剂对秸秆降解率和土壤理化性质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(9):56-61.
[12]Giannopolitis C N,Ries S K.Superoxide dismutases:I.Occurrence in higher plants[J].Plant Physiology,1977,59(2):309-314.
[13]Caktnak I,Marschner H.Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase,as corbate peroxidase,and glutathione reductase in bean leaves[J].Plant Physiology,1992,98(4):1222-1227.
[14]Hodges D M,Delong J M,Forney C F,et al.Improving the thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances assay for stimating lipid peroxidation in plant tissues containing anthocyanin and other interfering ompounds[J].Planta,1999,207:604-611.
[15]沈其.土壤肥料学通论[M].北京:高等教育出版,2008:96.
[16]关松荫,张德生,张志明.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:189-269.
[18]刘慧屿,刘慧颖,娄春荣,等.不同秸秆还田模式对风砂土玉米生育特性及土壤活性碳、氮的影响[J].土壤通报,2018,49(1):133-139.
[19]窦莉洋.秸秆还田对不同类型土壤团聚体稳定性、有机碳含量及其分布的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2018.
[20]Bowles T M,Acosta-Martinez V,Calderon F,et al.Soil enzyme activities,microbial communities,and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively-managed agricultural landscape[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,68(1):252-262.
[21]孙瑞莲,赵秉强,朱鲁生,等.长期定位施肥田土壤酶活性的动态变化特征[J].生态环境,2008,17(5):2059-2063.
[22]李春阳.不同秸秆还田量对土壤性状及玉米产量的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[23]张夫道.氮素营养研究中几个热点问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(4):331-338.
[24]樊俊,谭军,王瑞,等.秸秆还田和腐熟有机肥对植烟土壤养分、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响[J].烟草科技,2019,52(2):12-18.
[25]冷麟良.秸秆喷施快速腐熟剂后还田对玉米生长及产量的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2012.
[26]高婷,张源沛.荒漠草原土壤微生物数量与土壤及植被分布类型的关系[J].草业科学,2006,23(12):22-25.
[27]张铭冉.土壤类型与栽培措施对板栗土壤酶活性及土壤微生物数量的影响[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[28]杨军.潮土质地和秸秆还田耦合条件下微生物分异及对土壤和秸秆分解的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.