基于戊二醛偶联技术制备脲酶-Au-MMP“双面神”酶驱动马达及其运动性能
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摘要
采用磁控溅射技术在磁性微球的半球上溅射Au层,得到Au-磁性微球(MMP)粒子;在Au侧依次偶联半胱胺、戊二醛(GA)和脲酶制备脲酶-Au-MMP"双面神"酶驱动马达;并采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和光学显微镜对马达形貌、成分以及运动性能进行表征。结果表明:脲酶-Au-MMP马达呈"双面神"结构,Au侧表面粗糙; C和Fe元素均匀分布在整个球体上,Au元素只分布在马达的半球上;脲酶不对称修饰在马达的半球上;尿素燃料浓度的提高可以有效提高马达的运动速率,当尿素浓度为10 mmol/L时,其运动速率可达3. 75μm/s;马达是以磁性微球作为基体,其运动方向可以通过外部磁场的进行精确控制。
Herein,we fabricated the Janus magnetic microspheres(MMPs) by asymmetrically sputtering a thin Au layer on the MMPs. Then,the urease molecules were immobilized on the Au surface by using cysteamine and glutaraldehyde(GA) as linker molecules. Scan electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),and optical microscope were used to characterize the structure,component and motion behaviors of the as-obtained enzyme-powered urease-Au-MMP Janus motors. The results show that the as-obtained enzyme-powered urease-Au-MMP Janus motors have a Janus structure and the surface of the Au side is rough. The C and Fe elements are evenly distributed on the whole sphere,while the Au element is only distributed on the hemisphere of the enzyme-powered urease-Au-MMP Janus motor.The ureases are asymmetrically modified on the hemisphere of the enzyme-powered urease-Au-MMP Janus motor. The velocity of the enzyme-powered urease-Au-MMP Janus motors can be enhanced effectively with the increase of the urea concentration. When the concentration of urea reaches at 10 mmol/L,the velocity of the enzyme-powered urease-AuMMP Janus motors can be increased to 3. 75 μm/s. In addition,the motor is made from magnetic microspheres,so the direction of motion of the motor can be precisely controlled by an external magnetic field.
Herein,we fabricated the Janus magnetic microspheres(MMPs) by asymmetrically sputtering a thin Au layer on the MMPs. Then,the urease molecules were immobilized on the Au surface by using cysteamine and glutaraldehyde(GA) as linker molecules. Scan electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),and optical microscope were used to characterize the structure,component and motion behaviors of the as-obtained enzyme-powered urease-Au-MMP Janus motors. The results show that the as-obtained enzyme-powered urease-Au-MMP Janus motors have a Janus structure and the surface of the Au side is rough. The C and Fe elements are evenly distributed on the whole sphere,while the Au element is only distributed on the hemisphere of the enzyme-powered urease-Au-MMP Janus motor.The ureases are asymmetrically modified on the hemisphere of the enzyme-powered urease-Au-MMP Janus motor. The velocity of the enzyme-powered urease-Au-MMP Janus motors can be enhanced effectively with the increase of the urea concentration. When the concentration of urea reaches at 10 mmol/L,the velocity of the enzyme-powered urease-AuMMP Janus motors can be increased to 3. 75 μm/s. In addition,the motor is made from magnetic microspheres,so the direction of motion of the motor can be precisely controlled by an external magnetic field.
引文
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[16]SOMOGYI M.A new reagent for the determination of sugars[J].JBiol Chem,1945,160(5):61-68.
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[18]MA X,WANG X,HAHN K,et al.Motion control of urea powered biocompatible hollow microcapsules[J].ACS Nano,2016,10(3):3597-3605.
[19]MA X,JANNASCH A,ALBRECHT U R,et al.Enzyme-powered hollow mesoporous Janus nanomotors[J].Nano Lett,2015,15(10):7043-7050.
[20]SCHATTLING P S,RAMOS-DOCAMPO M A,SALGUEIRINOV,et al.Double-fueled Janus swimmers with magnetotactic behavior[J].ACS Nano,2017,11(4):3973-3983.
[2]OROZCO J,GARCIA-GRADILLA V,D'AGOSTINO M,et al.Artificial enzyme-powered microfish for water-quality testing[J].ACSNano,2013,7(1):818-824.
[3]SOLER L,SNCHEZ S.Catalytic nanomotors for environmental monitoring and water remediation[J].Nanoscale,2014,6(13):7175-7182.
[4]GAO W,WANG J.The environmental impact of micro/nanomachines:a review[J].ACS Nano,2014,8(4):3170-3180.
[5]DIANA V,JEMISH P,ZENG Y,et al.Graphene-based microbots for toxic heavy metal removal and recovery from water[J].Nano Lett,2016,16(4):2860-2866.
[6]VILELA D,STANTON M M,PARMAR J,et al.Microbots decorated with silver nanoparticles kill bacteria in aqueous media[J].ACSAppl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(27):22093-22100.
[7]SUNDARARAJAN S,LAMMERT P E,ZUDANS A W,et al.Catalytic motors for transport of colloidal cargo[J].Nano Lett,2008,8(5):1271-1276.
[8]BARABAN L,TASINKEVYCH M,POPESCU M N,et al.Transport of cargo by catalytic Janus micro-motors[J].Soft Matter,2011,8(1):48-52.
[9]MA X,HAHN K,SANCHEZ S.Catalytic mesoporous Janus nanomotors for active cargo delivery[J].J Am Chem Soc,2015,137(15):4976-4979.
[10]WU Z,WU Y,HE W,et al.Self-propelled polymer-based multilayer nanorockets for transportation and drug release[J].Angew Chem Int Ed,2013,52(27):7000-7003.
[11]SOLOVEV A A,XI W,GRACIAS D H,et al.Self-propelled nanotools[J].ACS Nano,2012,6(2):1751-1756.
[12]PENG F,TU Y,ADHIKARI A,et al.A peptide functionalized nanomotor as an efficient cell penetrating tool[J].Chem Commun,2016,53(6):1088-1091.
[13]AVILA E F D,ANGSANTIKUL P,LI J,et al.Micromotor-enabled active drug delivery for in vivo treatment of stomach infection[J].Nat Commun,2017,8(1):272.
[14]ZHA F J,WANG T W,LUO M,et al.Tubular micro/nanomotors:propulsion mechanisms,fabrication techniques and applications[J].Micromachines,2018,9(2):78.
[15]SUMNER J B.The isolation and crystallization of the enzyme urease:preliminary paper[J].J Biol Chem,1926,69(2):435-441.
[16]SOMOGYI M.A new reagent for the determination of sugars[J].JBiol Chem,1945,160(5):61-68.
[17]LUO M,FENG Y Z,WANG T W,et al.Micro-/nanorobots at work in active drug delivery[J].Adv Funct Mater,2018,28(25):1706100.
[18]MA X,WANG X,HAHN K,et al.Motion control of urea powered biocompatible hollow microcapsules[J].ACS Nano,2016,10(3):3597-3605.
[19]MA X,JANNASCH A,ALBRECHT U R,et al.Enzyme-powered hollow mesoporous Janus nanomotors[J].Nano Lett,2015,15(10):7043-7050.
[20]SCHATTLING P S,RAMOS-DOCAMPO M A,SALGUEIRINOV,et al.Double-fueled Janus swimmers with magnetotactic behavior[J].ACS Nano,2017,11(4):3973-3983.
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