杨树皮堆腐过程中碳和氮及腐殖酸的变化特征
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摘要
为研究杨树皮堆腐过程中碳、氮及腐殖酸的动态变化特征,进行了杨树皮粒径大小及微生物菌剂添加水平对堆腐进程的影响试验。结果表明,总有机碳(TOC)呈下降趋势,全氮(TN)相对含量呈升高趋势;各处理的氨氮(NH4+-N)含量均在7 d内达到最大值,后期降至0.04%水平以下;各处理的最终氨氮与硝氮比(NH4+-N/NO3--N)均降到较低水平,但仍高于0.16;杨树皮堆腐过程中,胡敏酸(HA)变化规律不明显,富里酸(FA)呈降低趋势,各处理最终聚合指数(HA/FA)均大于1.4。综合各指标分析结果,粗粒径杨树皮的腐熟效果优于细粒径杨树皮处理,而微生物菌剂添加量对杨树皮腐熟进程影响不显著。
In order to study the dynamic change characteristics of carbon,nitrogen and humic acid of poplar bark during composting,the effects of poplar bark size and microbial agent addition level on the composting process were studied.The results showed that the total organic carbon(TOC)showed a downward trend,and the relative content of total nitrogen(TN)increased.The content of ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N)in each treatment reached the maximum within 7 days and decreased to below 0.04% in the later period.The ultimate ammonia and nitrate nitrogen ratio(NH4+-N/NO3--N)decreased to a lower level,but still higher than 0.16.During composting process of poplar bark,the change of humic acid-like organic-C(HA)was not obvious,and fulvic acid-like organic-C(FA)showed a trend of decrease.The final polyme-rization index(HA/FA)of each treatment was greater than 1.4.According to the analysis results of various indicators,the composting quality of coarse particle size bark was better than fine particle size,and microbial additive amount had no significant effect on compost maturity.
In order to study the dynamic change characteristics of carbon,nitrogen and humic acid of poplar bark during composting,the effects of poplar bark size and microbial agent addition level on the composting process were studied.The results showed that the total organic carbon(TOC)showed a downward trend,and the relative content of total nitrogen(TN)increased.The content of ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N)in each treatment reached the maximum within 7 days and decreased to below 0.04% in the later period.The ultimate ammonia and nitrate nitrogen ratio(NH4+-N/NO3--N)decreased to a lower level,but still higher than 0.16.During composting process of poplar bark,the change of humic acid-like organic-C(HA)was not obvious,and fulvic acid-like organic-C(FA)showed a trend of decrease.The final polyme-rization index(HA/FA)of each treatment was greater than 1.4.According to the analysis results of various indicators,the composting quality of coarse particle size bark was better than fine particle size,and microbial additive amount had no significant effect on compost maturity.
引文
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[25]黄国锋，吴启堂，孟庆强.猪粪堆肥化处理的物质变化及腐熟度评价[J].华南农业大学学报，2002,23(3):1-4.
[26]杨娜，郭素娟，张峰.板栗产区废弃物堆肥特性及腐熟度评价[J].北京林业大学学报，2009,31(6):198-202.
[27] FINSTEIN M S, MILLER F C.Principles of composting leading to maximization of decomposting rate,odour control and cost[J].Composting of Agricultural and other wastes,1985:13-26.
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[2]张英伯，魏舜明，周银莲，等.毛白杨树皮的形成及其化学组成的研究[J].林业科学，1981(4):351.
[3]周维纯，姜紫荣，王金秋，等.杨树皮不饱和脂肪酸乙酯化学组成及其药效[J].林产化学与工业，2004(3):75.
[4]白雪松.树皮资源综合利用的途径[J].世界林业研究，1991(1):81.
[5]陈士瑜.食用菌栽培新技术[M].北京：中国农业出版社，1996.
[6] HAUG R T.Compost Engineering:Priciples and Practice[M].Ann Arbor,Mich:Ann Arbor Science, 1980.
[7] S魣NCHEZ-MONEDERO M A,ROIG A,Paredes C,et al.Nitrogen transformation during organic waste composting by the Rutgers system and its effects on p H,EC and maturity of the composting mixtures[J].Bioresource Technology,2001(78):301-308.
[8]陈广银，王德汉，吴艳，等.落叶堆肥过程中有机物的动态变化[J].华南农业大学学报，2007,28(2):1-4.
[9]王正奎，王莉玮，乔俊婧，等.几种农家堆肥模式中的氮素与有机质变化比较[J].西南师范大学学报（自然科学版），2011,36(2):1.
[10]高粱.土壤简易理化分析方法[M].昆明：云南人民出版社，1978.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京：中国农业出版社，2008.
[12]徐朝坚.蘑菇堆肥中碳、氮测定法探讨[J].食用菌，1980(1):24-26.
[13]严昶升.土壤肥力研究方法[M].北京：农业出版社，1988.
[14] HIRAI M,CHANYASAK V,KUBOTA H,et al.standard measurement for compost maturity[J].BioCycle,1983,24(6):54-56.
[15]史殿龙，张志华，李国学，等.堆高对生活垃圾中15 mm筛下物堆肥腐熟的影响[J].农业工程学报，2010,26(1):324-329.
[16]李吉进，郝晋珉，邹国元，等.高温堆肥碳氮循环及腐殖质变化特征研究[J].生态环境，2004,13(3):332-334.
[17] BERNAL M P,NAVARRO A F,RIOIG A,et al.carbon and nitrogen transformation during composting of sweet sorghum bagasse[J].Biol Fertil Soils,1996(22):141-148.
[18]康军，张增强，邵淼，等.污泥堆肥过程中胡敏酸光谱特征变化与腐熟度的关系[J].西北农业学报，2010,19(7):181-185.
[19]李国学，张福锁.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2000.
[20]谢兆森，吴晓春.添加不同氮量对木屑发酵腐熟的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料，2009(1):57-60.
[21]赵由才.生活垃圾资源化原理与技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2002.
[22] BLANCHETTE R A.Degradation of lignocellulose complex in wood[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1995,73(6):999-1010.
[23] BENITO M,MASAGUER A,Moliner A,et al.Chemieal and physical properties of pruning waste compost and their seasonal variabilityg[J].Bioresource Technology,2006(97):2071-2076.
[24]黄国峰，钟流举，张振钿，等.有机固体废弃物堆肥的物质变化及腐熟度评价[J].应用生态学报，2003,14(5):813-818.
[25]黄国锋，吴启堂，孟庆强.猪粪堆肥化处理的物质变化及腐熟度评价[J].华南农业大学学报，2002,23(3):1-4.
[26]杨娜，郭素娟，张峰.板栗产区废弃物堆肥特性及腐熟度评价[J].北京林业大学学报，2009,31(6):198-202.
[27] FINSTEIN M S, MILLER F C.Principles of composting leading to maximization of decomposting rate,odour control and cost[J].Composting of Agricultural and other wastes,1985:13-26.
[28] BERNAL M P,PAREDES C,MONEDERO M A,et al.Maturity and stability parameters of composts prepared with a wide range of organic waste[J].Bioresource Technol,1998(63):91-99.