呼和浩特市种植业生产系统能值分析与评价
|
摘要
为分析呼和浩特市种植业生产系统长期发展情况,进而优化系统投入产出结构,促进其可持续发展,采用能值分析方法与选取评价指标,以1996—2016年为时间跨度,对呼和浩特市种植业生产系统进行分析与评价。结果表明:1)能值投入部分,可更新的有机能、不可更新的工业辅助能、可更新的环境资源、不可更新的环境资源的在所研究的时间跨度内(21年)平均占有比例分别为44.51%、40.19%、14.31%、0.99%。其中,可更新的有机能呈现下降趋势,而不可更新的工业辅助能呈现增长趋势,并于2009年超过可更新的有机能,成为能值投入的第一大组成部分。能值产出部分,粮食作物、粮食作物秸秆、经济作物、经济作物秸秆、蔬菜、水果21年平均占有比例分别为42.20%、27.71%、12.13%、0.37%、16.73%、0.86%。其中,经济作物呈现下降—增长趋势,并于2016年超过蔬菜,成为继粮食作物、粮食作物秸秆的能值产出第三大组成部分。2)种植业生产系统的集约化程度增高,生产效率较为稳定,但环境承载压力增大,可持续发展指数下降。建议通过有机肥替代部分氮肥等途径提升呼和浩特市种植业生产系统可持续发展水平。
In order to analyze the long-term cropping system trend in Hohhot,optimize the input-output structure and improve sustainable development level,this study adopted emergy theory analysis method and selected evaluation index to assess the cropping system of Hohhot from 1996 to 2016.The evaluation results showed that:In the emergy input part,renewable organic resources,non-renewable industrial resources,renewable resources and non-renewable resources were calculated,which respectively accounted for 44.51%,40.19%,14.31% and 0.99% on average over the last 21 years.The renewable organic resources showed the ascending trend while the non-renewable industrial resources presented the growing trend.In 2009,the non-renewable industrial resources exceeded renewable organic resources and made first contribution in the emergy input part.In the emergy output part,grain crop,grain crop straw,economic crop,economic crop straw,vegetable crop and fruit were calculated,which respectively accounted for 42.20%,27.71%,12.13%,0.37%,16.73%,0.86% on average over the last 21 years.Economic crop decreased initially and then increased.In 2016,it exceeded vegetable crop and became the third largest part after grain crop and grain crop straw.In conclusion,the cropping system in Hohhot had a higher intensive degree and steady production efficiency.However,it faced greater environmental pressures and lower sustainable ratios.Therefore,using manure replacing partial nitrogenous fertilizer to improve the sustainable level of Hohhot cropping system was suggest in this study.
In order to analyze the long-term cropping system trend in Hohhot,optimize the input-output structure and improve sustainable development level,this study adopted emergy theory analysis method and selected evaluation index to assess the cropping system of Hohhot from 1996 to 2016.The evaluation results showed that:In the emergy input part,renewable organic resources,non-renewable industrial resources,renewable resources and non-renewable resources were calculated,which respectively accounted for 44.51%,40.19%,14.31% and 0.99% on average over the last 21 years.The renewable organic resources showed the ascending trend while the non-renewable industrial resources presented the growing trend.In 2009,the non-renewable industrial resources exceeded renewable organic resources and made first contribution in the emergy input part.In the emergy output part,grain crop,grain crop straw,economic crop,economic crop straw,vegetable crop and fruit were calculated,which respectively accounted for 42.20%,27.71%,12.13%,0.37%,16.73%,0.86% on average over the last 21 years.Economic crop decreased initially and then increased.In 2016,it exceeded vegetable crop and became the third largest part after grain crop and grain crop straw.In conclusion,the cropping system in Hohhot had a higher intensive degree and steady production efficiency.However,it faced greater environmental pressures and lower sustainable ratios.Therefore,using manure replacing partial nitrogenous fertilizer to improve the sustainable level of Hohhot cropping system was suggest in this study.
引文
[1]Odum H T.Environmental Accounting:Emergy and Environmental Decision Making[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1996:182-303
[2]蓝盛芳,钦佩,陆宏芳.生态经济系统能值分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002:3-95Lan S F,Qin P,Lu H F.Emergy Assessment of Eco-ecological Systems[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2002:3-95(in Chinese)
[3]Lan S F,Odum H T,Liu X M.Energy flow and emergy analysis of the agroecosystems of China[J].Ecologic Science,1998,17(1):34-41
[4]Zhang X H,Zhang R,Wu J,Zhang Y Z,Lin L L,Yang G,Yu XY,Qi H,Peng H.An emergy evaluation of the sustainability of Chinese crop production system during 2000-2010[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,60:622-633
[5]Ulgiati S,Odum H T,Bastianoni S.Energy use,environmental loading and sustainability:An energy analysis of Italy[J].Ecological Modelling,1994,73(3-4):215-268
[6]Rydberg T,Haden A C.Emergy evaluations of Denmark and Danish agriculture:Assessing the influence of changing resource availability on the organization of agriculture and society[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2006,117(2-3):145-158
[7]刘新茂,蓝盛芳,陈飞鹏.广东省种植业系统能值分析[J].华南农业大学学报,1999,20(4):111-115Liu X M,Lan S F,Chen F P.Emergy analysis for planting system of Guangdong Province[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,1999,20(4):111-115(in Chinese)
[8]白瑜,陆宏芳,何江华,任海.基于能值方法的广东省农业系统分析[J].生态环境,2006,15(1):103-108Bai Y,Lu H F,He J H,Ren H.Based-on Emergy analysis for agricultural system of Guangdong Province[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(1):103-108(in Chinese)
[9]Zhang L X,Yang Z F,Chen G Q.Emergy analysis of croppinggrazing system in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China[J].Energy Policy,2007,35(7):3843-3855
[10]张耀辉,蓝盛芳,陈飞鹏.海南省农业能值分析[J].农村生态环境,1999,15(1):5-9Zhang Y H,Lan S F,Chen F P.Energy analysis of agriculture in Hainan Province[J].Rural Eco-Environment,1999,15(1):5-9(in Chinese)
[11]沈善瑞,陆宏芳,蓝盛芳,张江圣,赖晓芳,胡成志.三水市农业生态系统经济能值投入产出分析[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):612-615Shen S R,Lu H F,Lan S F,Zhang J S,Lai X F,Hu C Z.Inputoutput emergy analysis of agricultural ecosystem in Sanshui City,Guangdong[J].Ecology and Environment,2004,13(4):612-615(in Chinese)
[12]陆宏芳,陈烈,林永标,陈飞鹏,彭少麟.基于能值的顺德市农业系统生态经济动态[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(12):20-24Lu H F,Chen L,Lin Y B,Chen F P,Peng S L.Emergy based ecological economic dynamics of Shunde agriculture system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2005,21(12):20-24(in Chinese)
[13]董孝斌,高旺盛,严茂超.基于能值理论的农牧交错带两个典型县域生态经济系统的耦合效应分析[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(11):1-6Dong X B,Gao W S,Yan M C.Emergy evaluation of the coupling effects of ecological economic systems of two selected counties in the eco-tone between agriculture and pasture in the North China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2005,21(11):1-6(in Chinese)
[14]董孝斌,高旺盛,隋鹏,严茂超.北方农牧交错带典型农户系统的能值分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(4):78-82Dong X B,Gao W S,Sui P,Yan M C.Energy analysis on typical peasants household system in the ecotone between agriculture and pasture in North China[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2006,20(4):78-82(in Chinese)
[15]Wang X L,Li Z J,Long P,Yan L L,Gao W S,Chen Y Q,Sui P.Sustainability evaluation of recycling in agricultural systems by emergy accounting[J].Resources Conservation and Recycling,2017,117:114-124
[16]Ma F J,Eneji A E,Liu J T.Assessment of ecosystem services and dis-services of an agro-ecosystem based on extended emergy framework:A case study of Luancheng County,North China[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,82:241-251
[17]Wang X L,Chen Y Q,Sui P,Gao W S,Qin F,Zhang J S,Wu X.Emergy analysis of grain production systems on large-scale farms in the North China Plain based on LCA[J].Agricultural Systems,2014,128:66-78
[18]王小龙.基于生命周期评价与能值分析的循环农业评价理论、方法与实证研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016Wang X L.An integrated framework based on life cycle assessment and emergy evaluation for circular agriculture:methods and cases[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2016(in Chinese)
[19]Bai X M,Wen Z M,An S S,Li B C.Evaluating sustainability of cropland use in Yuanzhou County of the Loess Plateau,China using an emergy-based ecological footprint[J].PloS One,2015,10(3):e0118282
[20]董孝斌,高旺盛,严茂超.黄土高原典型流域农业生态系统生产力的能值分析:以安塞县纸坊沟流域为例[J].地理学报,2004,59(2):223-229Dong X B,Gao W S,Yan M C.Emergy analysis of agroecosystem productivity of typical valley in loess hilly-gully region of the Loess Platea:a case study in Zhifanggou valley of Ansai County[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(2):223-229(in Chinese)
[21]邓健,赵发珠,韩新辉,冯永忠,杨改河.黄土高原典型流域种植业发展模式的能值分析[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1576-1584Deng J,Zhao F Z,Han X H,Feng Y Z,Yang G H.Emergy analysis on different planting patterns of typical watersheds in Loess Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(5):1576-1584(in Chinese)
[22]Rodriguez-Ortega T,Bernues A,Olaizola A M,Brown M T.Does intensification result in higher efficiency and sustainability?An emergy analysis of Mediterranean sheep-crop farming systems[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,144:171-179
[23]呼和浩特市人民政府.青城概况[EB/OL].2015-08-17.http:∥www.huhhot.gov.cn/mlqc/qcgk/csgk/Hohhot Government.Survey of Hohhot[EB/OL].2015-08-17.http:∥www.huhhot.gov.cn/mlqc/qcgk/csgk/(in Chinese)
[24]苏利军.呼和浩特市气候资源区划与农作物区划[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2014Su L J.Hohho City zoning of climatic resources and crop division[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University,2014(in Chinese)
[25]Brown M T,Ulgiati S.Emergy-based indices and ratios to evaluate sustainability:monitoring economies and technology toward environmentally sound innovation[J].Ecological Engineering,1997,9(1-2):51-69
[26]国家气象信息中心.气象数据共享[EB/OL].http:∥www.cma.gov.cn/2011qxfw/2011qsjgx/National Meteorological InformationCenter[EB/OL].http:∥www.cma.gov.cn/2011qxfw/2011qsjgx/(in Chinese)
[27]李书田,金继运.中国不同区域农田养分输入、输出与平衡[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(20):4207-4229Li S T,Jin J Y.Characteristics of nutrient input/output and nutrient balance in different regions of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(20):4207-4229(in Chinese)
[28]国家发展改革委办公厅农业部办公厅关于印发编制“十三五”秸秆综合利用实施方案的指导意见的通知[EB/OL].2016-11-24.http:∥www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201612/t20161207_829417.html National Development and Reform Commission.Circular of the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture on the Issue and Issuance of Guiding Opinions for the Implementation of the13th Five-Year Plan for the Comprehensive Utilization of Straw[EB/OL].2016-11-24.http:∥www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201612/t20161207_829417.html(in Chinese)
[29]杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌,中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所.中国食物成分表:第1册[M]2版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009:3-61Yang Y X,Wang G Y,Pan X C,National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety,China CDC.China Food Composition:I[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Peking University Medical Press,2009:3-61(in Chinese)
[30]闻大中.农业生态系统能流的研究方法(三)[J].农村生态环境,1986(2):48-51Wen D Z.Research methods of agro-ecosystem[J].Rural EcoEnvironment,1986(2):48-51(in Chinese)
[31]韦茂贵,王晓玉,谢光辉.中国各省大田作物田间秸秆资源量及其时间分布[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):32-44Wei M G,Wang X Y,Xie G H.Field residue of field crops and its temporal distribution among thirty-one provinces of China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2012,17(6):32-44(in Chinese)
[32]Brown M T,Ulgiati S.Emergy assessment of global renewable sources[J].Ecological Modelling,2016,339:148-156
[33]隋春花,蓝盛芳.广州城市生态系统能值分析研究[J].重庆环境科学,2001,23(5):4-6,23Sui C H,Lan S F.Emergy analysis of Guangzhou urban ecosystem[J].Chongqing Environment Science,2001,23(5):4-6,23(in Chinese)
[34]Brandt-Williams S L.Folio 4.Emergy of Florida agriculture[M].In:Handbook of Emergy Evaluation:A Compendium of Data for Emergy Computation Issued in A Series of Folios.Gainesville:Center for Environmental Policy,University of Florida,2002:5-39
[35]Rydberg T,Jansén J.Comparison of horse and tractor traction using emergy analysis[J].Ecological Engineering,2002,19(1):13-28
[36]Castellini C,Bastianoni S,Granai C,Bosco A D,Brunetti M.Sustainability of poultry production using the emergy approach:Comparison of conventional and organic rearing systems[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2006,114(2-4):343-350
[37]Cohen M J,Brown M T,Shepherd K D.Estimating the environmental costs of soil erosion at multiple scales in Kenya using emergy synthesis[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2006,114(2-4):249-269
[38]Chen D,Luo Z H,Webber M,Chen J,Wang W G.Emergy evaluation of the contribution of irrigation water,and its utilization,in three agricultural systems in China[J].Frontiers of Earth Science,2014,8(3):325-337
[39]严茂超,李海涛,程鸿,沈文清.中国农林牧渔业主要产品的能值分析与评估[J].北京林业大学学报,2001,23(6):66-69Yan M C,Li H T,Cheng H,Shen W Q.Emergy analysis and assessment of main products of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery in China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2001,23(6):66-69(in Chinese)
[40]Lu H F,Bai Y,Ren H,Campell D E.Integrated emergy,energy and economic evaluation of rice and vegetable production systems in alluvial paddy fields:Implications for agricultural policy in China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2010,91(12):2727-2735
[41]Center for Environmental Policy,University of Florida.National Environmental Accounting Database[EB/OL].https:∥cep.ees.ufl.edu/nead/acknowledgements.php
[42]DB15/T 464-2010内蒙古平原灌区玉米高产高效技术规程[S].呼和浩特:内蒙古自治区质量技术监督,2010DB15/T 464-2010 Technicalmodel for high yield and efficiency cultivation of maize(Zea mays L)in Inner Mongolia plain irrigation district[S].Inner Mongolia Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau,2010(in Chinese)
[43]李文彪.内蒙古河套灌区小麦和玉米推荐施肥研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011Li W B.Study on fertilizer recommendation for wheat and corn in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2011(in Chinese)
[44]宋桂云,侯迷红,孙德智,苏雅乐,苏慧,马金慧,马玉露.氮肥施用对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米氮素积累及氮效率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):93-98Song G Y,Hou M H,Sun D Z,Su Y L,Su H,Ma J H,Ma YL.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on N accumulation and N efficiency of dual-purpose maize in Korqin[J].Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China,2017(6):93-98(in Chinese)
[45]王志勇.有机无机肥配施对夏玉米产量和土壤环境的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009Wang Z Y.Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield in summer maize and on soil environment[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009(in Chinese)
[46]张运龙.有机肥施用对冬小麦-夏玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017Zhang Y L.Effect of organic fertilizer on yield of winter wheatsummer maize and soil fertility[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017(in Chinese)
[47]姜佰文,马晓东,周宝库,贾茹,张欢,徐凤花.有机无机肥料配施对土壤酶活性、微生物量及玉米产量影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2016,47(5):23-28Jiang B W,Ma X D,Zhou B K,Jia R,Zhang H,Xu F H.Effect of inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure on soil enzyme activity,microbial biomass and yield of maize[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2016,47(5):23-28(in Chinese)
[48]于俊娥.牛粪堆肥中添加抑菌剂对大肠杆菌的杀灭效果及堆肥发酵的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007Yu J E.The effect of adding bacterial inhibitor to cattle manure composting on sterilization impact and composting of E coli[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2007(in Chinese)
[49]张天华.牛粪强制通风静态堆肥中添加石灰氮对大肠杆菌的杀灭效果及相关指标的测定[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012Zhang T H.The effect of adding lime nitrogen to cattle manure forced aerated static composting on killing Escherichia coli and the determination of related indicators[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2012(in Chinese)
[50]黄春燕,苏文斌,樊福义,邓君超,展耀东,宫前恒,邢永生.施用有机肥对甜菜产质量影响初探[J].中国糖料,2012(4):35-36Huang C Y,Su W B,Fan F Y,Deng J C,Zhan Y D,Gong QH,Xing Y S.Effects of organic manure application on yield and quality in sugarbeet[J].Sugar Crops of China,2012(4):35-36(in Chinese)
[51]霍轶珍,银花,韩翠莲,李芳树,郭少峰.施用有机肥及地膜覆盖对春玉米土壤温度及水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(5):211-215Huo Y Z,Yin H,Han C L,Li F S,Guo S F.Effects of organic fertilizer and plastic film mulching on soil temperature and water use efficiency of spring maize[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(5):211-215(in Chinese)
[52]刁生鹏,高宇,张雄,任永峰,赵沛义,贾有余,聂晶,骆洪.有机肥施用对玉米生长发育及水分利用的影响[J].北方农业学报,2018,46(4):58-63Diao S P,Gao Y,Zhang X,Ren Y F,Zhao P Y,Jia Y Y,Nie J,Luo H.Effects of organic fertilizer on growth and development and water use of maize[J].Journal of Northern Agriculture.2018,46(4):58-63(in Chinese)
[53]庞云.浅谈呼和浩特市测土配方施肥现状及对策[J].内蒙古农业科技,2011(3):15Pang Y.Prospects and present situation of formula fertilization by soil testing in Hohhot[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,2011(3):15(in Chinese)
[54]内蒙古自治区农业厅.关于印发《内蒙古畜牧业发展“十三五”规划》的通知[EB/OL].2017-03-29.http:∥www.nmagri.gov.cn/zwq/ghjh/657184.shtml Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department.Circular on the 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Animal Husbandry in Inner Mongolia[EB/OL].2017-03-29.http:∥www.nmagri.gov.cn/zwq/ghjh/657184.shtml(in Chinese)
[55]刘智慧.生防菌与有机肥联用防治马铃薯枯萎病及对土壤微生态影响的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016Liu Z H.Control of fusarium wilt in potato and effects of soil micro ecology combining biocontrol agents with organic fertilizer[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2016(in Chinese)
[56]石博.有机肥不同施肥量对沙芥属蔬菜不同采收期叶片产量及品质的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012Shi B.Effect of different organic fertilizer and harvest date on yield and quality ofpugionium gaertn[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2012(in Chinese)
[57]陈珏.农业生态经济系统能值及可持续发展分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):163-166,236Chen Y.Analysis on the energy value and sustainable development of agricultural eco-economic system[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning,2016,37(12):163-166,236(in Chinese)
[2]蓝盛芳,钦佩,陆宏芳.生态经济系统能值分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002:3-95Lan S F,Qin P,Lu H F.Emergy Assessment of Eco-ecological Systems[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2002:3-95(in Chinese)
[3]Lan S F,Odum H T,Liu X M.Energy flow and emergy analysis of the agroecosystems of China[J].Ecologic Science,1998,17(1):34-41
[4]Zhang X H,Zhang R,Wu J,Zhang Y Z,Lin L L,Yang G,Yu XY,Qi H,Peng H.An emergy evaluation of the sustainability of Chinese crop production system during 2000-2010[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,60:622-633
[5]Ulgiati S,Odum H T,Bastianoni S.Energy use,environmental loading and sustainability:An energy analysis of Italy[J].Ecological Modelling,1994,73(3-4):215-268
[6]Rydberg T,Haden A C.Emergy evaluations of Denmark and Danish agriculture:Assessing the influence of changing resource availability on the organization of agriculture and society[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2006,117(2-3):145-158
[7]刘新茂,蓝盛芳,陈飞鹏.广东省种植业系统能值分析[J].华南农业大学学报,1999,20(4):111-115Liu X M,Lan S F,Chen F P.Emergy analysis for planting system of Guangdong Province[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,1999,20(4):111-115(in Chinese)
[8]白瑜,陆宏芳,何江华,任海.基于能值方法的广东省农业系统分析[J].生态环境,2006,15(1):103-108Bai Y,Lu H F,He J H,Ren H.Based-on Emergy analysis for agricultural system of Guangdong Province[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(1):103-108(in Chinese)
[9]Zhang L X,Yang Z F,Chen G Q.Emergy analysis of croppinggrazing system in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China[J].Energy Policy,2007,35(7):3843-3855
[10]张耀辉,蓝盛芳,陈飞鹏.海南省农业能值分析[J].农村生态环境,1999,15(1):5-9Zhang Y H,Lan S F,Chen F P.Energy analysis of agriculture in Hainan Province[J].Rural Eco-Environment,1999,15(1):5-9(in Chinese)
[11]沈善瑞,陆宏芳,蓝盛芳,张江圣,赖晓芳,胡成志.三水市农业生态系统经济能值投入产出分析[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):612-615Shen S R,Lu H F,Lan S F,Zhang J S,Lai X F,Hu C Z.Inputoutput emergy analysis of agricultural ecosystem in Sanshui City,Guangdong[J].Ecology and Environment,2004,13(4):612-615(in Chinese)
[12]陆宏芳,陈烈,林永标,陈飞鹏,彭少麟.基于能值的顺德市农业系统生态经济动态[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(12):20-24Lu H F,Chen L,Lin Y B,Chen F P,Peng S L.Emergy based ecological economic dynamics of Shunde agriculture system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2005,21(12):20-24(in Chinese)
[13]董孝斌,高旺盛,严茂超.基于能值理论的农牧交错带两个典型县域生态经济系统的耦合效应分析[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(11):1-6Dong X B,Gao W S,Yan M C.Emergy evaluation of the coupling effects of ecological economic systems of two selected counties in the eco-tone between agriculture and pasture in the North China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2005,21(11):1-6(in Chinese)
[14]董孝斌,高旺盛,隋鹏,严茂超.北方农牧交错带典型农户系统的能值分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(4):78-82Dong X B,Gao W S,Sui P,Yan M C.Energy analysis on typical peasants household system in the ecotone between agriculture and pasture in North China[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2006,20(4):78-82(in Chinese)
[15]Wang X L,Li Z J,Long P,Yan L L,Gao W S,Chen Y Q,Sui P.Sustainability evaluation of recycling in agricultural systems by emergy accounting[J].Resources Conservation and Recycling,2017,117:114-124
[16]Ma F J,Eneji A E,Liu J T.Assessment of ecosystem services and dis-services of an agro-ecosystem based on extended emergy framework:A case study of Luancheng County,North China[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,82:241-251
[17]Wang X L,Chen Y Q,Sui P,Gao W S,Qin F,Zhang J S,Wu X.Emergy analysis of grain production systems on large-scale farms in the North China Plain based on LCA[J].Agricultural Systems,2014,128:66-78
[18]王小龙.基于生命周期评价与能值分析的循环农业评价理论、方法与实证研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016Wang X L.An integrated framework based on life cycle assessment and emergy evaluation for circular agriculture:methods and cases[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2016(in Chinese)
[19]Bai X M,Wen Z M,An S S,Li B C.Evaluating sustainability of cropland use in Yuanzhou County of the Loess Plateau,China using an emergy-based ecological footprint[J].PloS One,2015,10(3):e0118282
[20]董孝斌,高旺盛,严茂超.黄土高原典型流域农业生态系统生产力的能值分析:以安塞县纸坊沟流域为例[J].地理学报,2004,59(2):223-229Dong X B,Gao W S,Yan M C.Emergy analysis of agroecosystem productivity of typical valley in loess hilly-gully region of the Loess Platea:a case study in Zhifanggou valley of Ansai County[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(2):223-229(in Chinese)
[21]邓健,赵发珠,韩新辉,冯永忠,杨改河.黄土高原典型流域种植业发展模式的能值分析[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1576-1584Deng J,Zhao F Z,Han X H,Feng Y Z,Yang G H.Emergy analysis on different planting patterns of typical watersheds in Loess Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(5):1576-1584(in Chinese)
[22]Rodriguez-Ortega T,Bernues A,Olaizola A M,Brown M T.Does intensification result in higher efficiency and sustainability?An emergy analysis of Mediterranean sheep-crop farming systems[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,144:171-179
[23]呼和浩特市人民政府.青城概况[EB/OL].2015-08-17.http:∥www.huhhot.gov.cn/mlqc/qcgk/csgk/Hohhot Government.Survey of Hohhot[EB/OL].2015-08-17.http:∥www.huhhot.gov.cn/mlqc/qcgk/csgk/(in Chinese)
[24]苏利军.呼和浩特市气候资源区划与农作物区划[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2014Su L J.Hohho City zoning of climatic resources and crop division[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University,2014(in Chinese)
[25]Brown M T,Ulgiati S.Emergy-based indices and ratios to evaluate sustainability:monitoring economies and technology toward environmentally sound innovation[J].Ecological Engineering,1997,9(1-2):51-69
[26]国家气象信息中心.气象数据共享[EB/OL].http:∥www.cma.gov.cn/2011qxfw/2011qsjgx/National Meteorological InformationCenter[EB/OL].http:∥www.cma.gov.cn/2011qxfw/2011qsjgx/(in Chinese)
[27]李书田,金继运.中国不同区域农田养分输入、输出与平衡[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(20):4207-4229Li S T,Jin J Y.Characteristics of nutrient input/output and nutrient balance in different regions of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(20):4207-4229(in Chinese)
[28]国家发展改革委办公厅农业部办公厅关于印发编制“十三五”秸秆综合利用实施方案的指导意见的通知[EB/OL].2016-11-24.http:∥www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201612/t20161207_829417.html National Development and Reform Commission.Circular of the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture on the Issue and Issuance of Guiding Opinions for the Implementation of the13th Five-Year Plan for the Comprehensive Utilization of Straw[EB/OL].2016-11-24.http:∥www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201612/t20161207_829417.html(in Chinese)
[29]杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌,中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所.中国食物成分表:第1册[M]2版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009:3-61Yang Y X,Wang G Y,Pan X C,National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety,China CDC.China Food Composition:I[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Peking University Medical Press,2009:3-61(in Chinese)
[30]闻大中.农业生态系统能流的研究方法(三)[J].农村生态环境,1986(2):48-51Wen D Z.Research methods of agro-ecosystem[J].Rural EcoEnvironment,1986(2):48-51(in Chinese)
[31]韦茂贵,王晓玉,谢光辉.中国各省大田作物田间秸秆资源量及其时间分布[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):32-44Wei M G,Wang X Y,Xie G H.Field residue of field crops and its temporal distribution among thirty-one provinces of China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2012,17(6):32-44(in Chinese)
[32]Brown M T,Ulgiati S.Emergy assessment of global renewable sources[J].Ecological Modelling,2016,339:148-156
[33]隋春花,蓝盛芳.广州城市生态系统能值分析研究[J].重庆环境科学,2001,23(5):4-6,23Sui C H,Lan S F.Emergy analysis of Guangzhou urban ecosystem[J].Chongqing Environment Science,2001,23(5):4-6,23(in Chinese)
[34]Brandt-Williams S L.Folio 4.Emergy of Florida agriculture[M].In:Handbook of Emergy Evaluation:A Compendium of Data for Emergy Computation Issued in A Series of Folios.Gainesville:Center for Environmental Policy,University of Florida,2002:5-39
[35]Rydberg T,Jansén J.Comparison of horse and tractor traction using emergy analysis[J].Ecological Engineering,2002,19(1):13-28
[36]Castellini C,Bastianoni S,Granai C,Bosco A D,Brunetti M.Sustainability of poultry production using the emergy approach:Comparison of conventional and organic rearing systems[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2006,114(2-4):343-350
[37]Cohen M J,Brown M T,Shepherd K D.Estimating the environmental costs of soil erosion at multiple scales in Kenya using emergy synthesis[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2006,114(2-4):249-269
[38]Chen D,Luo Z H,Webber M,Chen J,Wang W G.Emergy evaluation of the contribution of irrigation water,and its utilization,in three agricultural systems in China[J].Frontiers of Earth Science,2014,8(3):325-337
[39]严茂超,李海涛,程鸿,沈文清.中国农林牧渔业主要产品的能值分析与评估[J].北京林业大学学报,2001,23(6):66-69Yan M C,Li H T,Cheng H,Shen W Q.Emergy analysis and assessment of main products of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery in China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2001,23(6):66-69(in Chinese)
[40]Lu H F,Bai Y,Ren H,Campell D E.Integrated emergy,energy and economic evaluation of rice and vegetable production systems in alluvial paddy fields:Implications for agricultural policy in China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2010,91(12):2727-2735
[41]Center for Environmental Policy,University of Florida.National Environmental Accounting Database[EB/OL].https:∥cep.ees.ufl.edu/nead/acknowledgements.php
[42]DB15/T 464-2010内蒙古平原灌区玉米高产高效技术规程[S].呼和浩特:内蒙古自治区质量技术监督,2010DB15/T 464-2010 Technicalmodel for high yield and efficiency cultivation of maize(Zea mays L)in Inner Mongolia plain irrigation district[S].Inner Mongolia Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau,2010(in Chinese)
[43]李文彪.内蒙古河套灌区小麦和玉米推荐施肥研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011Li W B.Study on fertilizer recommendation for wheat and corn in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2011(in Chinese)
[44]宋桂云,侯迷红,孙德智,苏雅乐,苏慧,马金慧,马玉露.氮肥施用对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米氮素积累及氮效率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):93-98Song G Y,Hou M H,Sun D Z,Su Y L,Su H,Ma J H,Ma YL.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on N accumulation and N efficiency of dual-purpose maize in Korqin[J].Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China,2017(6):93-98(in Chinese)
[45]王志勇.有机无机肥配施对夏玉米产量和土壤环境的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009Wang Z Y.Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield in summer maize and on soil environment[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009(in Chinese)
[46]张运龙.有机肥施用对冬小麦-夏玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017Zhang Y L.Effect of organic fertilizer on yield of winter wheatsummer maize and soil fertility[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017(in Chinese)
[47]姜佰文,马晓东,周宝库,贾茹,张欢,徐凤花.有机无机肥料配施对土壤酶活性、微生物量及玉米产量影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2016,47(5):23-28Jiang B W,Ma X D,Zhou B K,Jia R,Zhang H,Xu F H.Effect of inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure on soil enzyme activity,microbial biomass and yield of maize[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2016,47(5):23-28(in Chinese)
[48]于俊娥.牛粪堆肥中添加抑菌剂对大肠杆菌的杀灭效果及堆肥发酵的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007Yu J E.The effect of adding bacterial inhibitor to cattle manure composting on sterilization impact and composting of E coli[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2007(in Chinese)
[49]张天华.牛粪强制通风静态堆肥中添加石灰氮对大肠杆菌的杀灭效果及相关指标的测定[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012Zhang T H.The effect of adding lime nitrogen to cattle manure forced aerated static composting on killing Escherichia coli and the determination of related indicators[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2012(in Chinese)
[50]黄春燕,苏文斌,樊福义,邓君超,展耀东,宫前恒,邢永生.施用有机肥对甜菜产质量影响初探[J].中国糖料,2012(4):35-36Huang C Y,Su W B,Fan F Y,Deng J C,Zhan Y D,Gong QH,Xing Y S.Effects of organic manure application on yield and quality in sugarbeet[J].Sugar Crops of China,2012(4):35-36(in Chinese)
[51]霍轶珍,银花,韩翠莲,李芳树,郭少峰.施用有机肥及地膜覆盖对春玉米土壤温度及水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(5):211-215Huo Y Z,Yin H,Han C L,Li F S,Guo S F.Effects of organic fertilizer and plastic film mulching on soil temperature and water use efficiency of spring maize[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(5):211-215(in Chinese)
[52]刁生鹏,高宇,张雄,任永峰,赵沛义,贾有余,聂晶,骆洪.有机肥施用对玉米生长发育及水分利用的影响[J].北方农业学报,2018,46(4):58-63Diao S P,Gao Y,Zhang X,Ren Y F,Zhao P Y,Jia Y Y,Nie J,Luo H.Effects of organic fertilizer on growth and development and water use of maize[J].Journal of Northern Agriculture.2018,46(4):58-63(in Chinese)
[53]庞云.浅谈呼和浩特市测土配方施肥现状及对策[J].内蒙古农业科技,2011(3):15Pang Y.Prospects and present situation of formula fertilization by soil testing in Hohhot[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,2011(3):15(in Chinese)
[54]内蒙古自治区农业厅.关于印发《内蒙古畜牧业发展“十三五”规划》的通知[EB/OL].2017-03-29.http:∥www.nmagri.gov.cn/zwq/ghjh/657184.shtml Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department.Circular on the 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Animal Husbandry in Inner Mongolia[EB/OL].2017-03-29.http:∥www.nmagri.gov.cn/zwq/ghjh/657184.shtml(in Chinese)
[55]刘智慧.生防菌与有机肥联用防治马铃薯枯萎病及对土壤微生态影响的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016Liu Z H.Control of fusarium wilt in potato and effects of soil micro ecology combining biocontrol agents with organic fertilizer[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2016(in Chinese)
[56]石博.有机肥不同施肥量对沙芥属蔬菜不同采收期叶片产量及品质的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012Shi B.Effect of different organic fertilizer and harvest date on yield and quality ofpugionium gaertn[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2012(in Chinese)
[57]陈珏.农业生态经济系统能值及可持续发展分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):163-166,236Chen Y.Analysis on the energy value and sustainable development of agricultural eco-economic system[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning,2016,37(12):163-166,236(in Chinese)