埋深对恐龙化石的影响效果研究
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摘要
已发现的恐龙化石大多数埋藏在不同深度的地层中,不同埋深化石所受风化破坏程度不尽相同。为深入研究恐龙化石的风化机理,探究恐龙化石的保护措施和方法,重点分析埋深产生的侧向压力对恐龙化石强度和破坏特性的影响。通过有限差分软件FLAC3D进行数值模拟,揭示埋深因素对恐龙化石保存的影响程度。试验结果表明:围岩对恐龙化石施加的侧向压力是影响恐龙化石变形和强度特性的一个重要因素。在弹性变形阶段,恐龙化石的初始强度、峰值强度随侧向压力的增大而不断增大。当应力超过了恐龙化石极限强度后进入塑性变形,其初始强度、峰值强度逐渐减小,最终达到残余强度。
At present, most of the dinosaur fossils have been found buried in the strata of different depths. In order to deeply study the weathering mechanism of dinosaur fossils and explore the protection measures and methods of dinosaur fossils, the influence of lateral pressure generated by burial depth on the strength and destruction characteristics of dinosaur fossils has been analyzed. Finite difference software FLAC3 D has been used for numerical simulation to reveal the impact of burial depth on dinosaur fossil preservation. It is showed that the lateral pressure exerted by the surrounding rock is an important factor affecting the deformation and strength of dinosaur fossils. In the elastic deformation stage, the initial strength and peak strength of dinosaur fossils increase with the increase of lateral pressure. When the stress exceeds the ultimate strength of dinosaur fossils, it enters the plastic deformation, and its initial strength and peak strength gradually decrease, and finally reach the residual strength.
At present, most of the dinosaur fossils have been found buried in the strata of different depths. In order to deeply study the weathering mechanism of dinosaur fossils and explore the protection measures and methods of dinosaur fossils, the influence of lateral pressure generated by burial depth on the strength and destruction characteristics of dinosaur fossils has been analyzed. Finite difference software FLAC3 D has been used for numerical simulation to reveal the impact of burial depth on dinosaur fossil preservation. It is showed that the lateral pressure exerted by the surrounding rock is an important factor affecting the deformation and strength of dinosaur fossils. In the elastic deformation stage, the initial strength and peak strength of dinosaur fossils increase with the increase of lateral pressure. When the stress exceeds the ultimate strength of dinosaur fossils, it enters the plastic deformation, and its initial strength and peak strength gradually decrease, and finally reach the residual strength.
引文
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[19] 李素,周瑶琪,姚旭,等.鲁东诸城地区恐龙足迹化石和原形恢复研究[J].地质论评,2012,58(3):434-443.
[20] 刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004:79-90.
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[22] 孙卫军,周维垣.裂隙岩体弹塑性——损伤本构模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1990,9(2):108-119.
[2] 徐莉.河南省恐龙化石科学特征及保护研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2007:1-129.
[3] 杜圣贤,宋晓媚,刘焕春.山东诸城恐龙化石产地保护工程可行性探讨[J].山东国土资源,2013,29(6):47-51.
[4] 杜圣贤,宋香锁,陈军,等.全国古生物化石保护工程研究[J].山东国土资源,2017,33(1):10-34.
[5] 邓建国,刘东亮,叶勇.恐龙骨骼化石保护材料研究[J].河南师范大学学报(自然版),2010,38(2):156-159.
[6] 叶勇,邓建国,彭光照,等.恐龙化石保护新材料研制的探索与实践[A]//中国地质学会旅游地学与地质公园研究分会:中国地质学会旅游地学与地质公园研究分会第28届年会暨贵州织金洞国家地质公园建设与旅游发展研讨会论文集[C].北京:中国林业出版社,2013,110-112.
[7] Zhang S.K.,Du S.X.,Yu X.F.,et al.Research of Dinosaurs Weathering Mechanism in Zhucheng Shandong[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2015,723:757-762.
[8] 张尚坤,于学峰,贾超,等.热应力对恐龙化石风化损坏的影响研究[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(5):42-48.
[9] 杜圣贤,张尚坤,于学峰,等.恐龙化石风化效应的TM耦合分析研究[J].山东国土资源,2015,31(10):65-70.
[10] 王云飞,郑晓娟,褚怀保,等.花岗岩高应力状态脆延破坏细观力学强度特性[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(5):1180-1185.
[11] 单仁亮,白瑶,黄鹏程,等.三向受力条件下淡水冰破坏准则研究[J].力学学报,2017,49(2):467-477.
[12] 魏元龙,杨春和,郭印同,等.三轴循环荷载下页岩变形及破坏特征试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(12):2262-2271.
[13] 刘天为,何江达,卓莉,等.大理岩力学变形特性及非线性强度准则研究[J].水电能源科学,2011,29(12):81-84.
[14] Li H.B.,Zhao J.,Li T.J.,et al.Analytical simulation of the dynamic compressive strength of a granite using the sliding crack model[J].International Journal for Numerical & Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2001,25(9):853-869.
[15] 胡承志.山东诸城巨型鸭嘴龙化石[J].地质学报,1973,57(2):179-206.
[16] 赵喜进.山东的巨大诸城龙[J].地球学报,2007,28(2):111-122.
[17] 旷红伟,柳永清,董超,等.山东诸城晚白垩世恐龙化石埋藏学研究[J].地质学报,2014,88(8):1353-1371.
[18] Lockley,M.G.,Li R.H.,Matsukawa,M.,et al.Tracking the yellow dragons:Implications of China”s largest dinosaur tracksite(Cretaceous of the Zhucheng area,Shandong Province,China)[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2015,423:62-79.
[19] 李素,周瑶琪,姚旭,等.鲁东诸城地区恐龙足迹化石和原形恢复研究[J].地质论评,2012,58(3):434-443.
[20] 刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004:79-90.
[21] 陈育民,徐鼎平.FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009:1-20.
[22] 孙卫军,周维垣.裂隙岩体弹塑性——损伤本构模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1990,9(2):108-119.