国有林区森林资源管护承包对森林资源安全的影响
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摘要
构建国有林区森林资源安全指标体系,基于2000—2016年黑龙江省国有林区森林资源的时间序列数据,采用熵权法测算森林资源安全综合指数,运用多元线性回归法分析森林资源管护承包对国有林区森林资源安全的影响。结果表明:2015—2016年黑龙江省国有林区的森林资源安全总体处于良好阶段;森林资源管护投资、个体承包管护面积占管护总面积的比例等对国有林区森林资源安全产生显著的正向影响;管护资本投入是对森林资源安全影响最大的人为干预因素,火灾发生次数是对森林资源安全影响最大的自然灾害因素。因此,为了保障国有林区森林资源安全,建议加大管护资金投入,增加管护人员数量,组建联合管护队伍,签订管护责任书,加强森林巡护,防范自然灾害的发生。
⑴ Background——The state-owned forest region of Heilongjiang province is the first region in China to propose and implement the forest resource management and protection contract model.Does the implementation of forest resource contracting model have a direct promoting effect on forest resource security?This problem need to be solved in state-owned forest area reform.⑵ Methods——Based on time series data from 2000 to 2016,forest resource security index system is constructed,and the comprehensive index of forest resource security is calculated by entropy weight method,and this paper constructs a multivariate linear regression model of forest resource security in state-owned forest area of Heilongjiang province. ⑶ Results——From 2000 to 2016,the forest resource security of the state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang province showed a step-like upward trend(the forest resource safety comprehensive index rose from 0.117 in 2000 to 0.917 in 2016),and entered a good state from 2015.This shows taht significant achievement have been made in the management and protection of forest resources in Heilongjiang state-owned forest regions.Moreover,the forest resource security in 2015-2016 is in a good level.Among the factors of human intervention,governments and governments at all levels are still in the primary stage of the investment in forest resource management and protection,increasing the investment in forest resource management and protection will significantly promote the security of forest resources,and increasing the proportion of individual contracted management and protection area to the total management and protection area will significantly promote the security of forest resources.In natural disaster factors,the increase in the number of forest fires will significantly reduce the security of forest resources,forest fire prevention investment does not have a significant impact on forest resource security,and the increase of rodent pest control rate in forest disease will significantly reduce the security of forest resources.Compared with human intervention factors,the correlation coefficient of natural disaster factors are generally small,indicating that human intervention rather than natural disaster is the real significant impact on forest resources security.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——Forest resource management and protection has greatly promoted the security of forest resources.Moreover,forest resource management and protection investment,the proportion of individual contracted management and protection area to the total management and protection area,and the number of forest fires are the three factors that have the greatest impact on forest resource security.Based on this,three suggestions are put forward:①It is suggested to increase the investment of management and protection funds.We should strive for cooperation with enterprises and other social capital as well as international organizations to attract social capital.②It is necessary to continuously increase the number of management and protection personnel to ensure the security of forest resources.We could combine management and protection with poverty alleviation,so as to get rid of poverty through management and protection and attract poor people from surrounding areas to join the management and protection team.③It is suggested to set up a joint management and protection team,sign the management and protection responsibility letter,strengthen forest patrol and protection,and prevent the occurrence of natural disasters.
⑴ Background——The state-owned forest region of Heilongjiang province is the first region in China to propose and implement the forest resource management and protection contract model.Does the implementation of forest resource contracting model have a direct promoting effect on forest resource security?This problem need to be solved in state-owned forest area reform.⑵ Methods——Based on time series data from 2000 to 2016,forest resource security index system is constructed,and the comprehensive index of forest resource security is calculated by entropy weight method,and this paper constructs a multivariate linear regression model of forest resource security in state-owned forest area of Heilongjiang province. ⑶ Results——From 2000 to 2016,the forest resource security of the state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang province showed a step-like upward trend(the forest resource safety comprehensive index rose from 0.117 in 2000 to 0.917 in 2016),and entered a good state from 2015.This shows taht significant achievement have been made in the management and protection of forest resources in Heilongjiang state-owned forest regions.Moreover,the forest resource security in 2015-2016 is in a good level.Among the factors of human intervention,governments and governments at all levels are still in the primary stage of the investment in forest resource management and protection,increasing the investment in forest resource management and protection will significantly promote the security of forest resources,and increasing the proportion of individual contracted management and protection area to the total management and protection area will significantly promote the security of forest resources.In natural disaster factors,the increase in the number of forest fires will significantly reduce the security of forest resources,forest fire prevention investment does not have a significant impact on forest resource security,and the increase of rodent pest control rate in forest disease will significantly reduce the security of forest resources.Compared with human intervention factors,the correlation coefficient of natural disaster factors are generally small,indicating that human intervention rather than natural disaster is the real significant impact on forest resources security.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——Forest resource management and protection has greatly promoted the security of forest resources.Moreover,forest resource management and protection investment,the proportion of individual contracted management and protection area to the total management and protection area,and the number of forest fires are the three factors that have the greatest impact on forest resource security.Based on this,three suggestions are put forward:①It is suggested to increase the investment of management and protection funds.We should strive for cooperation with enterprises and other social capital as well as international organizations to attract social capital.②It is necessary to continuously increase the number of management and protection personnel to ensure the security of forest resources.We could combine management and protection with poverty alleviation,so as to get rid of poverty through management and protection and attract poor people from surrounding areas to join the management and protection team.③It is suggested to set up a joint management and protection team,sign the management and protection responsibility letter,strengthen forest patrol and protection,and prevent the occurrence of natural disasters.
引文
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[12]张亚伟.大兴安岭林区森林资源管护现状及对策[J].中国林副特产2018(2):76-78.
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[14]张英,陈绍志.产权改革与资源管护:基于森林灾害的分析[J].中国农村经济,2015(10):15-27.
[15]DEACON R T.Deforestation and ownership:Evidence from historical accounts and contemporary data[J].Land Ecomomics,1999,75(3):341-359.
[16]刘青,刘艳彬,李嫣然,等.黑龙江省林区森林管护的制度性困境及解决对策[J].中国林业经济,2013(2):53-56.
[17]张建龙.现代林业统计评价研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2013:89-99.
[18]田刚,杨静,吴天博.影响中国林业企业对俄直接投资的经济、资源和制度因素[J].林业经济问题,2019,39(1):18-22.
[19]刘永红,倪嶷.天保工程二期政策及相关问题解读[J].林业经济,2011(9):45-50.
[20]杨月兵,李雨珑.美丽中国背景下林火预警模型建设的必要性研究[J].绿色科技,2016(10):116-119.
[2]汪舒,於忠祥.基于资源安全评价的安徽省耕地保护研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2018,45(5):903-908.
[3]龙如银,杨家慧.国家矿产资源安全研究现状及展望[J].资源科学,2018,40(3):465-476.
[4]NEGI V,PATHAK R,RAWAL R S,et al.Long-term ecological monitoring on forest ecosystems in Indian Himalayan Region:Criteria and indicator approach[J].Ecological Indicators,2019,102:374-381.
[5]WOODALL C W,MORIN R S,STEINMAN J R,et al.Comparing evaluations of forest health based on aerial surveys and field inventories:Oak forests in the Northern United States[J].Ecological Indicators,2009,10(3):713-718.
[6]TKACZ B,MOODY B,CASTILLO J V,et al.Forest health conditions in North America[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,155(3):409-425.
[7]李中才,刘林德,孙玉峰,等.基于PSR方法的区域生态安全评价[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6495-6503.
[8]米锋,潘文婧,朱宁,等.模糊综合评价法在森林生态安全预警中的应用[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(6):66-71,75.
[9]舒帮荣,刘友兆,徐进亮,等.基于BP-ANN的生态安全预警研究:以苏州市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(9):1080-1085.
[10]周少华,周海燕.中国国土资源安全报告:预警与风险化解[M].北京:红旗出版社,2009:188-190.
[11]王玉芳,白鹤松,王锐.基于人工神经网络模型的森林资源安全评价:以大兴安岭阿木尔林业局为例[J].森林资源管理,2014(6):44-48.
[12]张亚伟.大兴安岭林区森林资源管护现状及对策[J].中国林副特产2018(2):76-78.
[13]韩双双.对黑龙江省林区森林资源管护经营现状的分析[J].林业勘查设计,2006(2):3-4.
[14]张英,陈绍志.产权改革与资源管护:基于森林灾害的分析[J].中国农村经济,2015(10):15-27.
[15]DEACON R T.Deforestation and ownership:Evidence from historical accounts and contemporary data[J].Land Ecomomics,1999,75(3):341-359.
[16]刘青,刘艳彬,李嫣然,等.黑龙江省林区森林管护的制度性困境及解决对策[J].中国林业经济,2013(2):53-56.
[17]张建龙.现代林业统计评价研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2013:89-99.
[18]田刚,杨静,吴天博.影响中国林业企业对俄直接投资的经济、资源和制度因素[J].林业经济问题,2019,39(1):18-22.
[19]刘永红,倪嶷.天保工程二期政策及相关问题解读[J].林业经济,2011(9):45-50.
[20]杨月兵,李雨珑.美丽中国背景下林火预警模型建设的必要性研究[J].绿色科技,2016(10):116-119.
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