山东半岛沿岸颗石藻化石的长期记录及其对东亚冬季风的响应
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摘要
本研究对南黄海西北部山东半岛沿岸的沉积柱140年的颗石藻(Coccolithophores)样品进行了种类组成和丰度分析。结果显示,共发现颗石藻8种,平均丰度为9.76×10~6个/g,丰度范围为(5.07～14.21)×10~6个/g。其中,大洋桥石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica)和赫氏艾密里藻(Emiliania huxleyi)是丰度较高的主要物种,平均丰度分别为4.96×10~6、4.55×10~6个/g。通过比较沉积记录与气候参数发现,颗石藻丰度的长期变化与东亚冬季风的替代指标海平面气压(SLP)有一定相关性,黄海沿岸流受季风影响,随着东亚冬季风的增强而加强,沿岸流带来了物质输入,为研究区域的颗石藻提供了丰富的营养盐,从而支撑了较高的颗石藻丰度。
Coccolithophores, as important primary producers in the marine ecosystem, respond sensitively to changes in environmental conditions. When coccolithophores die, the calcified plates(Coccoliths) that they secrete can reflect environmental changes. Hence, coccoliths are important indicators for studying paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic changes. However, most studies on coccolithophore sediments have been conducted in the Atlantic and the Northeast Pacific Oceans; studies on the continental shelf in the Northwest Pacific are rarely reported. This study aims to address this shortage of long-term records for coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea. The results from these experiments can be compared with climatic changes to explore the corresponding relationship. The results will also provide fundamental data and a theoretical basis for related research. In this study, the coccolith fossils from one box core taken from a sampling position(Station N02) on the coast of the Shandong Peninsula, China, in the northwestern part of the South Yellow Sea, were used for the research. Species identification and abundance statistics were carried out and obtained for the coccolith fossils in the sediment, which scaled 140 years. Eight species of coccolithophore were found. The absolute abundance of coccoliths from the N02 Station core ranged from 5.07×10~6 to 14.21×10~6 coccoliths/g, with an average value of 9.76×10~6 coccoliths/g. Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Emiliania huxleyi were the two species with the highest abundance. By comparing the sediment record with the climatic data from the station, a correlation with the sea level pressure was observed. Sea level pressure can be used as an indicator for the East Asian winter monsoon. The analysis showed that when the East Asian winter monsoon was strong, the coastal currents of the Yellow Sea provided a good nutrient-salt environment for the coccolithophores at the N02 Station, resulting in a high abundance of coccoliths.
Coccolithophores, as important primary producers in the marine ecosystem, respond sensitively to changes in environmental conditions. When coccolithophores die, the calcified plates(Coccoliths) that they secrete can reflect environmental changes. Hence, coccoliths are important indicators for studying paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic changes. However, most studies on coccolithophore sediments have been conducted in the Atlantic and the Northeast Pacific Oceans; studies on the continental shelf in the Northwest Pacific are rarely reported. This study aims to address this shortage of long-term records for coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea. The results from these experiments can be compared with climatic changes to explore the corresponding relationship. The results will also provide fundamental data and a theoretical basis for related research. In this study, the coccolith fossils from one box core taken from a sampling position(Station N02) on the coast of the Shandong Peninsula, China, in the northwestern part of the South Yellow Sea, were used for the research. Species identification and abundance statistics were carried out and obtained for the coccolith fossils in the sediment, which scaled 140 years. Eight species of coccolithophore were found. The absolute abundance of coccoliths from the N02 Station core ranged from 5.07×10~6 to 14.21×10~6 coccoliths/g, with an average value of 9.76×10~6 coccoliths/g. Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Emiliania huxleyi were the two species with the highest abundance. By comparing the sediment record with the climatic data from the station, a correlation with the sea level pressure was observed. Sea level pressure can be used as an indicator for the East Asian winter monsoon. The analysis showed that when the East Asian winter monsoon was strong, the coastal currents of the Yellow Sea provided a good nutrient-salt environment for the coccolithophores at the N02 Station, resulting in a high abundance of coccoliths.
引文
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Bo WB,Wu BQ.Change characteristics of sea-level pressure in our offshore area.Meteorological,Hydrological and Marine Instruments,2012,29(3):9-13[薄文波,吴宝勤.我国近邻海域海平面气压变化特征分析.气象水文海洋仪器,2012,29(3):9-13]
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Boeckel B,Baumann KH.Distribution of coccoliths in surface sediments of the south-eastern South Atlantic Ocean:Ecology,preservation and carbonate contribution.Marine Micropaleontology,2004,51(3):301-320
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Cao QY.Techniques for quantitative nannofossil studies.Marine Science,2003,27(3):1-3[曹奇原.钙质超微化石定量研究方法,海洋科学,2003,27(3):1-3]
Chen LX,Zhang B,Zhang Y.Progress in research on the East Asian monsoon.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2006,17(6):711-724[陈隆勋,张博,张瑛.东亚季风研究的进展.应用气象学报,2006,17(6):711-724]
Cheng ZB,Shi XF.The analysis of the sedimentary character of the microfossils and the material resource in the surface sediments from the South Yellow Sea.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(S1):775-781[程振波,石学法.南黄海表层沉积物中微体化石的沉积特点及物源分析.沉积学报,1999,17(S1):775-781]
D'Arrigo R,Jacoby G,Wilson R,et al.A reconstructed Siberian High index since AD 1599 from Eurasian and North American tree rings.Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32(5):L05705
Dittert N,Baumann KH,Bickert T,et al.Carbonate dissolution in the deep-sea:Methods,quantification and paleoceanographic application.Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography,1999,255-284
Feng SZ,Li FQ,Li SJ.Introduction to marine science.Beijing:Higher Education Press,1999[冯士筰,李凤岐,李少菁.海洋科学导论.北京:高等教育出版社,1999]
Frada M,Young J,Cach?o M,et al.A guide to extant coccolithophores(Calcihaptophycidae,Haptophyta)using light microscopy.Journal of Nannoplankton Research,2010,31(2):58-112
Giraudeau J,Grelaud M,Solignac S,et al.Millennial-scale variability in Atlantic water advection to the Nordic Seas derived from Holocene coccolith concentration records.Quaternary Science Reviews,2010,29(9-10):1276-1287
Houghton SD.Recent coccolith sedimentation patterns and transport in the North sea:Implications for palaeoceanographic studies of marginal and continental shelf seas.Applied Micropalaeontology,1993,1-39
Jin SF.The elves in the ocean--Coccolith.Fossil,2014(01):29-31[靳少非.海洋中的精灵海灵-颗石藻.化石,2014(01):29-31]
Koide M,Soutar A,Goldberg ED.Marine geochronology with Pb-210.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1972,14(3):442-446
Li FY,Gao S,Jia JJ,et al.Contemporary deposition rates of fine-grained sediment in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2002,33(4):364-369[李凤业,高抒,贾建军,等.黄、渤海泥质沉积区现代沉积速率.海洋与湖沼,2002,33(4):364-369]
Luan QS,Sun JQ,Zuo T,et al.Coccolithophores in the shelf waters of East China Sea.Prograss in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(3):1-11[栾青杉,孙坚强,左涛,等.东海陆架区的颗石藻.渔业科学进展,2013,34(3):1-11]
Marshall HG.Observations on the vertical distribution of Coccolithophores in the Northwestern Sargasso Sea.Limnology and Oceanography,1966,11(3):432-435
Paasche E.A review of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi(Prymnesiophyceae),with particular reference to growth,coccolith formation,and calcification-photosynthesis interactions.Phycologia,2001,40(6):503-529
Saavedra-Pellitero M,Flores J,Baumann K,et al.Comparison of different preparation and analysis techniques for quantitative coccolith studies focusing on biogeographic patterns of species.Micropaleontology,2011a,57(2):139-161
Saavedra-Pellitero M,Flores J,Lamy F,et al.Coccolithophore estimates of paleotemperature and paleoproductivity changes in the southeast Pacific over the past~27 kyr.Paleoceanography,2011b,26(1):1201-1216
Schwab C,Kinkel H,Weinelt M,et al.Coccolithophore paleoproductivity and ecology response to deglacial and Holocene changes in the Azores Current System.Paleoceanography,2012,27(3):3210-3227
Shi XF,Shen SX,Chen ZH,et al.Modern sedimentary environment and dynamic sedimentary system in the South Yellow Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,2001(S1):1-6[石学法,申顺喜,陈志华,等.南黄海现代沉积环境及动力沉积体系.科学通报,2001(S1):1-6]
Song CH.A convenient way to calculate the mean sea level pressure.Meteorological Monthly,1984(11):29-30[宋超辉.计算平均海平面气压的简便方法.气象,1984(11):29-30]
Su JL,Huang DJ.On the current field associated with the Yellow Sea Water Mass.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1995,26(5):1-7[苏纪兰,黄大吉.黄海冷水团的环流结构.海洋与湖沼,1995,26(5):1-7]
Su JL.A review of circulation dynamics of the coastal oceans near China.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2001,23(4):1-16[苏纪兰.中国近海的环流动力机制研究.海洋学报,2001,23(4):1-16]
Sun J,Jin SF.Species diversity of living coccolithophores in Chinese sea waters.Biodiversity Science,2011,19(6):787-797[孙军,靳少非.中国近海今生颗石藻物种多样性初步研究.生物多样性,2011,19(6):787-797]
Sun J.Organic carbon pump and carbonate counter pump of living coccolithophorid.Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(12):1231-1239[孙军.今生颗石藻的有机碳泵和碳酸盐反向泵.地球科学进展,2007,22(12):1231-1239]
Wei QS,Zang JY,Wei XH et al.The distribution of nutrients and the relationship of them with the circulation condition in the western southern Huanghai Sea in autumn.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2011,33(1):74-82[韦钦胜,臧家业,魏修华,等.秋季南黄海西部营养盐的分布及其与环流场的关系.海洋学报,2011,33(1):74-82]
Wu BY,Wang J.Winter Arctic oscillation,Siberian high and East Asian winter monsoon.Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29(19):1-4
Xu JJ,Zhu QG,Shi N.The singular spectral analysis of periodic oscillation in long-term variation of East-Asian Monsoon in recent century.Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1997,55(5):620-627[徐建军,朱乾根,施能.近百年东亚季风长期变化中主周期振荡的奇异谱分析.气象学报,1997,55(5):620-627]
Yuan DL,Zhu JR,Li CY,et al.Cross-shelf circulation in the Yellow and East China Seas indicated by MODIS satellite observations.Journal of Marine Systems,2008,70(1-2):134-149
Zhang J,Li JR,Tao YJ,et al.Coccolithophores and their characteristic.Ecologic Science,2017,36(4):217-225,243[张健,李佳芮,陶以军,等.颗石藻类群及其生态功能介绍.生态科学,2017,36(4):217-225,243]
Zhou X.Quasi-two-year oscillation of sea level pressure in East Asia.Technology Wind,2016(11):194-195[周鑫.东亚地区海平面气压准两年振荡研究.科技风,2016(11):194-195]
Bo WB,Wu BQ.Change characteristics of sea-level pressure in our offshore area.Meteorological,Hydrological and Marine Instruments,2012,29(3):9-13[薄文波,吴宝勤.我国近邻海域海平面气压变化特征分析.气象水文海洋仪器,2012,29(3):9-13]
Boeckel B,Baumann KH,Henrich R,et al.Coccolith distribution patterns in South Atlantic and Southern ocean surface sediments in relation to environmental gradients.Deep Sea Research.Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,2006,53(6):1073-1099
Boeckel B,Baumann KH.Distribution of coccoliths in surface sediments of the south-eastern South Atlantic Ocean:Ecology,preservation and carbonate contribution.Marine Micropaleontology,2004,51(3):301-320
Cao QY,Cang SX,Li TG,et al.Distribution of calcareous nannofossils in surface sediment of the northern okinawa trough and their environmental characteristics.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2002,33(6):600-607[曹奇原,苍树溪,李铁刚,等.冲绳海槽北部表层沉积物中的钙质超微化石及其环境特征.海洋与湖沼,2002,33(6):600-607]
Cao QY.Techniques for quantitative nannofossil studies.Marine Science,2003,27(3):1-3[曹奇原.钙质超微化石定量研究方法,海洋科学,2003,27(3):1-3]
Chen LX,Zhang B,Zhang Y.Progress in research on the East Asian monsoon.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2006,17(6):711-724[陈隆勋,张博,张瑛.东亚季风研究的进展.应用气象学报,2006,17(6):711-724]
Cheng ZB,Shi XF.The analysis of the sedimentary character of the microfossils and the material resource in the surface sediments from the South Yellow Sea.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(S1):775-781[程振波,石学法.南黄海表层沉积物中微体化石的沉积特点及物源分析.沉积学报,1999,17(S1):775-781]
D'Arrigo R,Jacoby G,Wilson R,et al.A reconstructed Siberian High index since AD 1599 from Eurasian and North American tree rings.Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32(5):L05705
Dittert N,Baumann KH,Bickert T,et al.Carbonate dissolution in the deep-sea:Methods,quantification and paleoceanographic application.Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography,1999,255-284
Feng SZ,Li FQ,Li SJ.Introduction to marine science.Beijing:Higher Education Press,1999[冯士筰,李凤岐,李少菁.海洋科学导论.北京:高等教育出版社,1999]
Frada M,Young J,Cach?o M,et al.A guide to extant coccolithophores(Calcihaptophycidae,Haptophyta)using light microscopy.Journal of Nannoplankton Research,2010,31(2):58-112
Giraudeau J,Grelaud M,Solignac S,et al.Millennial-scale variability in Atlantic water advection to the Nordic Seas derived from Holocene coccolith concentration records.Quaternary Science Reviews,2010,29(9-10):1276-1287
Houghton SD.Recent coccolith sedimentation patterns and transport in the North sea:Implications for palaeoceanographic studies of marginal and continental shelf seas.Applied Micropalaeontology,1993,1-39
Jin SF.The elves in the ocean--Coccolith.Fossil,2014(01):29-31[靳少非.海洋中的精灵海灵-颗石藻.化石,2014(01):29-31]
Koide M,Soutar A,Goldberg ED.Marine geochronology with Pb-210.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1972,14(3):442-446
Li FY,Gao S,Jia JJ,et al.Contemporary deposition rates of fine-grained sediment in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2002,33(4):364-369[李凤业,高抒,贾建军,等.黄、渤海泥质沉积区现代沉积速率.海洋与湖沼,2002,33(4):364-369]
Luan QS,Sun JQ,Zuo T,et al.Coccolithophores in the shelf waters of East China Sea.Prograss in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(3):1-11[栾青杉,孙坚强,左涛,等.东海陆架区的颗石藻.渔业科学进展,2013,34(3):1-11]
Marshall HG.Observations on the vertical distribution of Coccolithophores in the Northwestern Sargasso Sea.Limnology and Oceanography,1966,11(3):432-435
Paasche E.A review of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi(Prymnesiophyceae),with particular reference to growth,coccolith formation,and calcification-photosynthesis interactions.Phycologia,2001,40(6):503-529
Saavedra-Pellitero M,Flores J,Baumann K,et al.Comparison of different preparation and analysis techniques for quantitative coccolith studies focusing on biogeographic patterns of species.Micropaleontology,2011a,57(2):139-161
Saavedra-Pellitero M,Flores J,Lamy F,et al.Coccolithophore estimates of paleotemperature and paleoproductivity changes in the southeast Pacific over the past~27 kyr.Paleoceanography,2011b,26(1):1201-1216
Schwab C,Kinkel H,Weinelt M,et al.Coccolithophore paleoproductivity and ecology response to deglacial and Holocene changes in the Azores Current System.Paleoceanography,2012,27(3):3210-3227
Shi XF,Shen SX,Chen ZH,et al.Modern sedimentary environment and dynamic sedimentary system in the South Yellow Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,2001(S1):1-6[石学法,申顺喜,陈志华,等.南黄海现代沉积环境及动力沉积体系.科学通报,2001(S1):1-6]
Song CH.A convenient way to calculate the mean sea level pressure.Meteorological Monthly,1984(11):29-30[宋超辉.计算平均海平面气压的简便方法.气象,1984(11):29-30]
Su JL,Huang DJ.On the current field associated with the Yellow Sea Water Mass.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1995,26(5):1-7[苏纪兰,黄大吉.黄海冷水团的环流结构.海洋与湖沼,1995,26(5):1-7]
Su JL.A review of circulation dynamics of the coastal oceans near China.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2001,23(4):1-16[苏纪兰.中国近海的环流动力机制研究.海洋学报,2001,23(4):1-16]
Sun J,Jin SF.Species diversity of living coccolithophores in Chinese sea waters.Biodiversity Science,2011,19(6):787-797[孙军,靳少非.中国近海今生颗石藻物种多样性初步研究.生物多样性,2011,19(6):787-797]
Sun J.Organic carbon pump and carbonate counter pump of living coccolithophorid.Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(12):1231-1239[孙军.今生颗石藻的有机碳泵和碳酸盐反向泵.地球科学进展,2007,22(12):1231-1239]
Wei QS,Zang JY,Wei XH et al.The distribution of nutrients and the relationship of them with the circulation condition in the western southern Huanghai Sea in autumn.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2011,33(1):74-82[韦钦胜,臧家业,魏修华,等.秋季南黄海西部营养盐的分布及其与环流场的关系.海洋学报,2011,33(1):74-82]
Wu BY,Wang J.Winter Arctic oscillation,Siberian high and East Asian winter monsoon.Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29(19):1-4
Xu JJ,Zhu QG,Shi N.The singular spectral analysis of periodic oscillation in long-term variation of East-Asian Monsoon in recent century.Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1997,55(5):620-627[徐建军,朱乾根,施能.近百年东亚季风长期变化中主周期振荡的奇异谱分析.气象学报,1997,55(5):620-627]
Yuan DL,Zhu JR,Li CY,et al.Cross-shelf circulation in the Yellow and East China Seas indicated by MODIS satellite observations.Journal of Marine Systems,2008,70(1-2):134-149
Zhang J,Li JR,Tao YJ,et al.Coccolithophores and their characteristic.Ecologic Science,2017,36(4):217-225,243[张健,李佳芮,陶以军,等.颗石藻类群及其生态功能介绍.生态科学,2017,36(4):217-225,243]
Zhou X.Quasi-two-year oscillation of sea level pressure in East Asia.Technology Wind,2016(11):194-195[周鑫.东亚地区海平面气压准两年振荡研究.科技风,2016(11):194-195]