基于非期望超效率-Malmquist面板模型中国海洋环境效率测算
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摘要
党的第十九大强调加快推进海洋强国战略和生态文明建设,海洋经济发展与海洋生态环境保护越来越受到学术界和政府部门的关注。如何在考虑环境可持续发展的路线下提高海洋经济效率,成为海洋经济领域研究的重点。基于非期望超效率模型测算了沿海11个省市2004—2015年12年间的海洋环境效率,并结合Malmquist生产率指数模型对海洋环境效率的动态变化以及分解效率进行分析,最后利用Tobit面板模型分析海洋环境效率的影响因素。结果表明:(1)沿海各省海洋环境效率大体呈现三个等级分布,粤、沪、津处于第一等级,浙、苏、鲁处于第二等级,冀、辽、闽、琼、桂处于第三等级。(2)Malmquist模型结果显示珠三角、长三角地区海洋环境效率整体较高,环渤海、北部湾地区相对较低,长三角区域围绕上海、珠三角区域围绕广东、环渤海区域围绕天津形成3个海洋经济增长极的总体格局。但考虑环境因素后,北部湾区域与其他区域效率差明显缩小,说明虽然北部湾地区海洋经济发展还处于较低水平,但政府并没有一味地开发海洋资源而造成海洋生态环境的大肆破坏,海洋生态环境总体保持良好,海洋环境效率稳中有升。各省市的海洋环境效率增长主要依靠技术效率的提升,而非技术进步效率。(3)环境规制是促进海洋环境效率的主要因素,海洋产业结构、地区经济发展水平对海洋环境效率呈正向影响。政府应当进一步强化海洋环境规制,积极转变海洋生产方式,促进海洋环境效率进一步提升。
The 19 thNational Congress of the Communist Party of China focuses on promoting maritime power strategy and construction of ecological civilization. The development of marine economy and the protection of marine ecological environment are hot issues highly concerned by academia and government nowadays. How to improve the efficiency of marine economy under the path of sustainable development of environment has become the main emphasis of marine economic research. Based on the undesired super efficiency model,the marine environmental efficiency of 11 coastal provinces in 2004-2015 was calculated. Combined with the Malmquist productivity index model,the dynamic change and decomposition efficiency of marine environmental were analyzed. Finally,this paper analyzed the influencing factors of marine environmental efficiency with Tobit panel model. The results showed that:(1) The marine environmental efficiency of 11 coastal provinces could be divide into three grades. Guangdong,Shanghai and Tianjin were in the first grade. Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Shandong were in the second grade. Hebei,Liaoning,Fujian,Hainan and Guangxi are in the third grade.(2)The results of Malmquist model showed that the marine environmental efficiency in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta was higher,and relatively lower in Bohai Rim and Beibu Gulf. The Yangtze River Delta region around Shanghai,the Pearl River Delta region around Guangdong,and the Bohai Sea region around Tianjin that forms the overall pattern of three marine economic growth poles. But the gap between the Beibu Gulf and other regions was obviously reduced after considering the environmental factors. It shows that although the development of marine economy in the Beibu Gulf region is still at a low level,the government has not blindly exploited marine resources and wreaked havoc on the marine ecological environment. The marine ecological environment has been kept in good condition as a whole,and the efficiency of the marine environment has been steadily improved. The growth of marine environmental efficiency mainly depended on the improvement of technological efficiency rather than the technological progress efficiency.(3)Environmental regulation was the main factor to promote the marine environment efficiency. The marine industrial structure and the level of regional economic development had a positive impact on the marine environment efficiency. The government should further strengthen marine environmental regulation and actively transform marine production mode.
The 19 thNational Congress of the Communist Party of China focuses on promoting maritime power strategy and construction of ecological civilization. The development of marine economy and the protection of marine ecological environment are hot issues highly concerned by academia and government nowadays. How to improve the efficiency of marine economy under the path of sustainable development of environment has become the main emphasis of marine economic research. Based on the undesired super efficiency model,the marine environmental efficiency of 11 coastal provinces in 2004-2015 was calculated. Combined with the Malmquist productivity index model,the dynamic change and decomposition efficiency of marine environmental were analyzed. Finally,this paper analyzed the influencing factors of marine environmental efficiency with Tobit panel model. The results showed that:(1) The marine environmental efficiency of 11 coastal provinces could be divide into three grades. Guangdong,Shanghai and Tianjin were in the first grade. Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Shandong were in the second grade. Hebei,Liaoning,Fujian,Hainan and Guangxi are in the third grade.(2)The results of Malmquist model showed that the marine environmental efficiency in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta was higher,and relatively lower in Bohai Rim and Beibu Gulf. The Yangtze River Delta region around Shanghai,the Pearl River Delta region around Guangdong,and the Bohai Sea region around Tianjin that forms the overall pattern of three marine economic growth poles. But the gap between the Beibu Gulf and other regions was obviously reduced after considering the environmental factors. It shows that although the development of marine economy in the Beibu Gulf region is still at a low level,the government has not blindly exploited marine resources and wreaked havoc on the marine ecological environment. The marine ecological environment has been kept in good condition as a whole,and the efficiency of the marine environment has been steadily improved. The growth of marine environmental efficiency mainly depended on the improvement of technological efficiency rather than the technological progress efficiency.(3)Environmental regulation was the main factor to promote the marine environment efficiency. The marine industrial structure and the level of regional economic development had a positive impact on the marine environment efficiency. The government should further strengthen marine environmental regulation and actively transform marine production mode.
引文
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[8]张彤.基于DEA方法的中国海洋捕捞产业动态生产效率[J].中国渔业经济,2007(4):6-10.
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[14]赵昕,郭恺莹.基于GRA-DEA混合模型的沿海地区海洋经济效率分析与评价[J].海洋经济,2012,2(5):5-10.
[15]张继良,高志霞,杨荣.我国沿海地区海洋经济发展水平及效率研究[J].调研世界,2013(5):46-50.
[16]DING L L,ZHENG H H,KANG W L. Measuring the efficiency of ocean economy in China:an improved three-stage model[J].Romanian journal of economic forecasting,2017,20(1):5-22.
[17]CASTELLET L,SENANTE M M. Efficiency assessment of wastewater treatment plants:a data envelopment analysis approach integrating technical,economic and environmental issues[J].Journal of environmental management,2016,167:160-166.
[18]KANG W L,WANG L,YU W C. Multi-attribute double auction models for resource allocation in computational grids[J]. Open cybernetics and systemics journal,2014,8(1):357-362.
[19]赵林,张宇硕,焦新颖,等.基于SBM和Malmquist生产率指数的中国海洋经济效率评价研究[J].资源科学,2016,38(3):461-475.
[20]殷克东,李兴东.中国沿海地区海洋经济发展水平测度研究[J].经济管理,2010,32(12):1-6.
[21]陈金良.我国海洋经济的环境评价指标体系研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2013(1):18-23.
[22]吴玮林.中国海洋环境规制绩效的实证分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017:15-43.
[23]FARE R,GROSSKOPF S,LOVELL C A K,et al. Multimateral productivity comparisions when some outputs are undesirable:a nonparametric approach[J]. The review of economics and statistics,1989,71(1):90-98
[24]CHUNG Y H, FARE R, GORSSKOPF S. Productivity and undesirable outputs:a directional distance function approach.[J].Journal of environmental management,1997,51(3):229-240.
[25]SEIFORD L M,ZHU J. Modeling undesirable factors in efficiency evaluation[J]. European journal of operational research,2002,142(1):16-20.
[26]王波,张群,王飞.考虑环境因素的企业DEA有效性分析[J].控制与决策,2002(1):24-28.
[27]张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省际物质资本存量估算:1952—2000[J].经济研究,2004(10):35-44.
[28]吴延瑞.生产率对中国经济增长的贡献:新的估计[J].经济学(季刊),2008(3):827-842.
[29]刘自敏,张昕竹,杨丹.我国省级政府卫生投入效率的时空演变——基于面板三阶段DEA模型的分析[J].中央财经大学学报,2014(6):97-104.
[30]苏为华,王龙,李伟.中国海洋经济全要素生产率影响因素研究——基于空间面板数据模型[J].财经论丛,2013(3):9-13.
[2]何枫,陈荣,何炼成. SFA模型及其在我国技术效率测算中的应用[J].系统工程理论与实践,2004(5):46-50.
[3]王兵,吴延瑞,颜鹏飞.中国区域环境效率与环境全要素生产率增长[J].经济研究,2010,45(5):95-109.
[4]刘建国,李国平,张军涛,等.中国经济效率和全要素生产率的空间分异及其影响[J].地理学报,2012,67(8):1069-1084.
[5]宋马林,王舒鸿.环境规制、技术进步与经济增长[J].经济研究,2013(3):122-134.
[6]杨爱婷.基于可持续发展和福利增长的经济绩效研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013:10-16.
[7]丁黎黎,朱琳,何广顺.中国海洋经济绿色全要素生产率测度及影响因素[J].中国科技论坛,2015(2):72-78.
[8]张彤.基于DEA方法的中国海洋捕捞产业动态生产效率[J].中国渔业经济,2007(4):6-10.
[9]JAMNIA A R,MAZLOUMZADEH S M,KEIHHA A A. Estimate the technical efficiency of fishing vessels operating in Chabahar region,Southern Iran[J]. Journal of the saudi society of agricultural sciences,2015,14(1):26-32.
[10]刘大海,臧家业,徐伟.基于DEA方法的海洋科技效率评价研究[J].海洋开发与管理,2008(1):48-51.
[11]李彬,高艳.我国区域海洋经济技术效率实证研究[J].中国渔业经济,2010,28(6):99-103.
[12]纪建悦,王奇.基于随机前沿分析模型的我国海洋经济效率测度及其影响因素研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):43-49.
[13]范斐,孙才志,张耀光.环渤海经济圈沿海城市海洋经济效率的实证研究[J].统计与决策,2011(6):119-123.
[14]赵昕,郭恺莹.基于GRA-DEA混合模型的沿海地区海洋经济效率分析与评价[J].海洋经济,2012,2(5):5-10.
[15]张继良,高志霞,杨荣.我国沿海地区海洋经济发展水平及效率研究[J].调研世界,2013(5):46-50.
[16]DING L L,ZHENG H H,KANG W L. Measuring the efficiency of ocean economy in China:an improved three-stage model[J].Romanian journal of economic forecasting,2017,20(1):5-22.
[17]CASTELLET L,SENANTE M M. Efficiency assessment of wastewater treatment plants:a data envelopment analysis approach integrating technical,economic and environmental issues[J].Journal of environmental management,2016,167:160-166.
[18]KANG W L,WANG L,YU W C. Multi-attribute double auction models for resource allocation in computational grids[J]. Open cybernetics and systemics journal,2014,8(1):357-362.
[19]赵林,张宇硕,焦新颖,等.基于SBM和Malmquist生产率指数的中国海洋经济效率评价研究[J].资源科学,2016,38(3):461-475.
[20]殷克东,李兴东.中国沿海地区海洋经济发展水平测度研究[J].经济管理,2010,32(12):1-6.
[21]陈金良.我国海洋经济的环境评价指标体系研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2013(1):18-23.
[22]吴玮林.中国海洋环境规制绩效的实证分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017:15-43.
[23]FARE R,GROSSKOPF S,LOVELL C A K,et al. Multimateral productivity comparisions when some outputs are undesirable:a nonparametric approach[J]. The review of economics and statistics,1989,71(1):90-98
[24]CHUNG Y H, FARE R, GORSSKOPF S. Productivity and undesirable outputs:a directional distance function approach.[J].Journal of environmental management,1997,51(3):229-240.
[25]SEIFORD L M,ZHU J. Modeling undesirable factors in efficiency evaluation[J]. European journal of operational research,2002,142(1):16-20.
[26]王波,张群,王飞.考虑环境因素的企业DEA有效性分析[J].控制与决策,2002(1):24-28.
[27]张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省际物质资本存量估算:1952—2000[J].经济研究,2004(10):35-44.
[28]吴延瑞.生产率对中国经济增长的贡献:新的估计[J].经济学(季刊),2008(3):827-842.
[29]刘自敏,张昕竹,杨丹.我国省级政府卫生投入效率的时空演变——基于面板三阶段DEA模型的分析[J].中央财经大学学报,2014(6):97-104.
[30]苏为华,王龙,李伟.中国海洋经济全要素生产率影响因素研究——基于空间面板数据模型[J].财经论丛,2013(3):9-13.
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